The Study of Chicken Manure and Steel Slag Amelioration to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rice Cultivation

Organic matter, fertilizers, and soil amendments are essential for sustainable agricultural practices to guarantee soil productivity. However, these materials can increase the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CH4 and N2O. Thus, technologies for reducing GHG emissions in concert with the increase in rice production from rice fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the best chicken manure (CM) and steel slag (SS) combination to mitigate CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions in an incubation experiment, to identify the best CM:SS ameliorant mixture to mitigate CH4 and N2O, and to evaluate dry biomass and grain yield in a pot experiment. A randomized block design was established with four treatments, namely conventional (chemical fertilizer only) and three combinations of different ratios of CM and SS (1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2.5), with five replications in a pot experiment. CM:SS (1:2.5) was identified as the best treatment for mitigating CH4, N2O, and CO2 in the incubation experiment. However, CM:SS (1:1.5) was the best CM and SS ameliorant for mitigating CH4 and N2O in the pot experiment. The global warming potential of CH4 and N2O revealed that CM:SS (1:1.5) had the lowest value. None of the combinations of CM and SS significantly increased dry biomass and grain yield.

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Crop production kept stable and sustainable with the decrease of nitrogen rate in North China Plain: An economic and environmental assessment over 8 years

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55913-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zheng Liu ◽

Ningning Yu ◽

James J. Camberato ◽

Jia Gao ◽

Peng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Crop Production ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Summer Maize ◽

Nitrogen Rate

AbstractIn pursuit of maximum grain yield farmers in the North China Plain usually apply excessive N fertilizer, resulting in wasted resources and environmental pollution. To assess the economic and environmental performances of different nitrogen rates will be conductive to sustain cleaner crop production. An 8-year field experiment was carried out with four treatments, N0 (0 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize), N1 (168 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and 129 kg ha−1 for summer maize), N2 (240 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and 185 kg ha−1 for summer maize) and N3 (300 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize), on the double cropping at Dawenkou research field (36°11’N, 117°06’E), Shandong Province, China. The crop production, soil physical-chemical parameters, and greenhouse gas emission are measured and the economic and environmental performances are assessed. The optimal nitrogen rate obtained the highest grain yield of summer maize in 4 of 8 year and was equivalent to conventional N rate in the other years. The nitrogen partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of optimal nitrogen rate was 63% and 58% higher than that of conventional nitrogen rate. The optimal nitrogen rate effectively decreased soil bulk density and increased weight percentage of water-stable aggregate and activities of urease and invertase compared to conventional nitrogen rate, which improved soil productivity. The fertilizer nitrogen loss and global warming potential of optimal nitrogen rate reduced by 76% and 35% compared to conventional nitrogen rate. The annual greenhouse gas intensity of optimal nitrogen rate decreased by 14–35% compared to others. The net ecosystem economic budget under optimal nitrogen rate is 252–604 $ ha−1 yr.−1 higher than other addition levels. The optimal nitrogen rate produces more grains and obtains higher economic and environmental benefits.

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Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah Organik dengan Berbagai Macam Aplikasi Pupuk Hijau Glirisidia

JURNAL AGRI-TEK Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta ◽

10.33319/agtek.v19i2.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marti Winarni

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

The Sun ◽

Green Manures ◽

Organic Rice ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Treatment Factor

The object of the study was to obtain the types of application of Glirisidia green manures on the growth and yield of organic rice lowland. The experimental pot experiment was carried out in a randomized block design consisting of one factor and three replications. The treatment factor was 10 various application of Glirisidia leaves. The treatments are: 100% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost; 60% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 40% compost; 40% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 60% compost; 100% wind-dried Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost; 60% of wind-dried Glirisidia leaves + 40% compost; 40% wind-dried Glirisidia leaves + 60% compost; 100% sun-dried Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost; 60% of the sun-dried Glirisidia leaves + 40% of compost; 40% of the sun-dried Glirisidia leaves + 60% compost; and 0% Glirisidia leaves + 100% compost. The results showed that the various application of Glirisidia leaves increased the grain yield 34, 09% compared to the application of 0% Glirisidia leaf + 100% compost. The grain/ hill of yield could be improved by application of 100% fresh Glirisidia leaves + 0% compost (164,47 g grain/hill), 100% of wind-dried Gliricidia leaves (165,55 g grain/ hill) + 0% compost, or 100% sun-dried Gliricidia leaves + 0% compost (169,14 g grain/ hill). Keywords—: organic rice lowland; green manure; various application of Glirisidia leaves.

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Manures Effectivity to Enhanced the Availability of Phosphorus, Crops Growth and Yield of Rice and Corn in Acid Upland Soil

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2008.v13i1.41-47 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Yoyo Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Upland Soil ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

High Application

The research was conducted in Tamanbogo Station Research in the 2007 Rainy Season in upland rice-corn intercropping farming. The research design used Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments were 1). 15 t ha-1 manures + Residues of rock phosphate (RRP), 2). Without manures + RRP, 3). 15 t ha-1 manures + 150 kg ha-1 SP 36 and 4). Without manures + 150 kg ha-1 SP 36. The upland rice was seeded in planting space of 25 cm x 25 cm, 2-3 seeds/hill. The land was treated with 1 t ha-1 of RP in the last farming year while SP36 was applicated each season. Urea and KCl fertilizers that were used on upland rice were 300 kg ha-1 and 100 kg ha-1, respectively while corns were fertilized with 250 kg ha-1 urea and 100 kg KCl ha-1. The research results showed that the availability of N and K nutrients in the soil at the time of before planting was low but the availability P was high. Application of manures and RRP increased C-organic, availability of P , Ca and Cation Exchangeable Capacity in the soil. Application of 15 t ha-1 of manures with RRP increased dry biomass weight of rice and corn, there were 45.17 % and 49.23 %, respectively. The grain yield of rice and corn on the treatment of manures and RRP were not gave significant different compare to the yield was gained with SP 36 fertilizer.

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Response of rice to different organic and inorganic nutrient sources at Parwanipur, Bara district of Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v2i1.26041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Sabina Devkota ◽

Sharan Panthi ◽

Jiban Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Research Station ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Nutrient Sources ◽

And Performance

In order to reach an optimum and sustainable production, growers must know the fertilizing nutrient sources and their application rates. The present study aimed to determine the effect of different organic and inorganic source of fertilizers on growth and performance of rice. A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during summer season of 2013. Rice variety ‘Hardinath 1’ was used in these experiments. Treatments included a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients at eight rates (control, recommended dose of NPK, ½ NPK+FYM 10 t ha-1, ½ NPK+20 cm crop residue, ½ NPK+Chicken manure 10 t ha-1, ½ NPK+Vermicompost 10 t ha-1, FYM 10 t ha-1 and FYM 20 t ha-1).The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Treatments produced significant results for plant height, number of tillers per square meter, panicle length and grain yield but thousands grains weight was insignificant. Result showed that application of half of recommended N: P2O5: K2O from the inorganic fertilizer sources along with soil incorporation of 20 cm crop residue produced significantly higher value for plant height, number of tillers per square meter, panicle length and Grain yield. Treatments did not produce significant effect on after harvest soil properties: pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.

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Response of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek] Varieties to Plant Spacing under Irrigation at Gewane, Northeastern Ethiopia

Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal ◽

10.37637/ab.v0i0.613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Nuru Seid Tehulie ◽

Tarikua Fikadu ◽

Jhon Hardy Purba

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Secondary Branch ◽

Main Effect ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Crop Stand

Production of mungbean has been increasing in Ethiopia because of its high importance as a source of protein and foreign exchange earnings. Determination of appropriate plant density for the varieties of mungbean can increase its productivity. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inter and intra row spacing on growth, yield components and yield of mung bean varieties under irrigation. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three inter row spacing (30, 40, and 50 cm), three-intra row spacing (5, 10 and 15 cm) and two mungbean varieties (N-26 and MH-97) laid out in randomized complete block design with three Replications. The main effect of varieties, inter row spacing and intra row spacing was highly significant and significant on plant height, secondary branch and where the longest plant height (41.71 cm) was for variety MH-97 and from 5 cm intra row spacing, respectively and maximum number of secondary branch was recorded for variety MH-97 (8.91) and from 15cm intra row and 50cm inter row spacing, respectively. The interaction effect of the variety, inter and intra row spacing was highly significant on number of primary branch per plant, number of pod per plant and crop stand count percentage where the highest number of primary branches (7.00) was recorded from variety MH-97 at 50 cm inter row spacing and highest number pods per plant (30.15) were recorded for variety MH-97 at 40 cm inter row and (31.34) at 15cm intra row spacing. Where the highest crop stand count at harvest were recorded from variety MH-97 (97.00%) at 40 cm inter row spacing .The main effect of inter row spacing and intra row spacing were highly significant and significant on above ground dry biomass and the highest above ground dry biomass at inter row spacing of 30 cm ( 5968.8 kg ha-1) and intra row spacing 5cm 6145.9 kg ha-1).The main effect of variety, inter-row and intra-row spacing were highly significant on harvest index and grain yield where the highest harvest index was from variety MH-97 (20.91%), inter row spacing of 40 cm which give (21.18%) and intra row spacing 10 cm which give (20.30%) and the highest grain yield from Variety MH-97 (1117.94 kg ha-1), inter row spacing 40 cm (1213.75 kg ha-1) and intra row spacing 10 cm which give (1151.67 kg ha-1) However, this tentative generalization based one season at one location requires further studies over years and locations to give a valid recommendation.

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Response of sunflower to organic and chemical fertilizers in different drought stress conditions

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aydin KHODAEI-JOGHAN ◽

Majid GHOLAMHOSEINI ◽

Majid AGHA-ALIKHANI ◽

Farhad HABIBZADEH ◽

Ali SOROOSHZADEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Chemical Fertilizers

The main objectives of this research were to determine the effects of applying organic and chemical fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) morphological traits, yield components, grain yield and grain quality. The experiment was conducted as spilt plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments at three levels (well-irrigated, mild and severe drought stress) were allocated to main plots and eight fertilizer treatments (urea (F1), urea + composted cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeolite-amended chicken manure (Z-ACM) (F5), zeocompost + vermicompost (F6), zeocompost + Z-ACM (F7) and vermicompost + Z-ACM (F8)) were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that irrespective of the drought stress intensity, organic fertilizer treatments produced more dry matter, heavier and greater grain than did chemical treatments. In well-irrigated plots, the highest grain yield was obtained from F6, F7 and F8 treatments. Under drought stress conditions, the highest grain yield was obtained from the high zeolite content organic fertilizers i.e. F3, F5 and F7. We concluded that amending soil with organic fertilizers in combination with zeolite can be a beneficial approach for decreasing chemical fertilizer application rates and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems.

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Study on the Effects of Vermicompost on the Nodulation and the Yield of Chickpea

Nepal Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.3126/narj.v9i0.11641 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

Sanu K. Bajracharya ◽

Suresh K. Rai

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Soil Science ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Science Division ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Pot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication and six treatments in the screenhouse of Soil Science Division, Khumaltar during the year 2003 and 2004. The objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of vermicompost in combination with or without soil and mineral fertilizers on the yield and other attributes of chickpea. The results showed an encouraging effect of vermicompost application on the plant height, root length and biomass dry weight of chickpea when vermicompost was applied in equal ratio with soil (5 kg each/pot) and 10:20:15 kg N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1. Vermicompost with equal ratio of soil (5 kg each/pot) also produced the highest mean grain yield of 10.6 gm per pot. However, no significant treatments effects were observed for root length and straw weights of the chickpea.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 49-55DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11641

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Mitigation Scenario for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Field by Water Management and Rice Cultivars

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2020.v25i2.53-60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Ali Pramono ◽

Terry Ayu Adriany ◽

Helena Lina Susilawati

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Rice Production ◽

Anthropogenic Source ◽

Rice Cultivars

Rice production is a significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), two important greenhouse gases (GHGs). Several strategies for reducing GHGs emissions from paddy fields are water management and the use of low emission rice cultivars. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of water management and rice cultivars on the grain yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The research was conducted at the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI), Pati District, Central Java Province during the dry season 2017 (March-June 2017). The study used a factorial randomized block design with the first factor were water managements: A1 = continuous flooding at 5 cm height and A2 = alternate wetting and drying/AWD), and the second factor were rice cultivars: V1 = Ciherang, V2 = Inpari 32, V3 = Mekongga with three replications. All treatments received an equal amount of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers. GHG measurements were done by using a closed chamber method. The results of this study indicated that the combination of AWD treatment with Ciherang, Inpari 32, and Mekongga rice cultivars significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 23%, 46%, and 6%, respectively. The Inpari 32 rice variety produced the highest grain yield compared to others, but there were no significant differences in grain yield between all of the treatments. Therefore, AWD technique in combination with Inpari 32 rice cultivar could be a potential option for maintaining the yield-scaled global warming potential of rice production at a lower level, without reducing grain yield.

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Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli9020019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Janma Jaya Gairhe ◽

Mandeep Adhikari ◽

Deepak Ghimire ◽

Arun Khatri-Chhetri ◽

Dinesh Panday

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Southern Plains ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Smart Agriculture

Besides a proper agronomic management followed by Nepalese farmers, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has been severely affected by changing climate. There are many interventions, including climate-smart practices, to cope with this situation and possibly enhance crop and soil productivity. Field experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design with six treatments (TRT) with four replications in three locations (LOC) during wheat-growing seasons in Nepal from 2014 to 2016. Treatments included (i) Controlled Practice (CP), (ii) Improved Low (IL), (iii) Improved High (IH), (iv) Climate Smart Agriculture Low (CSAL), (v) Climate Smart Agriculture Medium (CSAM), and (vi) Climate Smart Agriculture High (CSAH), whereas those LOC were Banke, Rupandehi and Morang districts. There was a significant main effect of TRT and LOC on grain yield and a significant interactionn effect of TRT × LOC on biomass yield in 2014–2015. About 55.5% additional grain yield was produced from CSAM treatment compared to CP in 2014–2015. Among locations, grain yield was the highest in Banke (3772.35 kg ha−1) followed by Rupandehi (2504.47 kg ha−1) and Morang districts (2504.47 kg ha−1). In 2015–2016, there was a significant interaction effect of TRT × LOC on grain and biomass yields. The highest grain yield was produced from CSAH treatment in Banke district in 2015–2016. Overall, grain yield and other parameters showed a better response with either of the climate-smart interventions (mostly CSAH or CSAM) despite variability in geography, climate, and other environmental factors indicating the potential of climate-smart practices to improve wheat production in southern plains of Nepal.

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Effect of Sunflower Residues and Herbicide on Weed Suppression, Grain Yield and Economics of Transplanted Aman Rice

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v23i1.50116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 47-58

Author(s):

SS Tanu ◽

P Biswas ◽

S Ahmed ◽

SC Samanta

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Weed Density ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Environmentally Sound

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali from July 2018 to November 2018 to evaluate the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on the yield and economic performance of transplanted Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1 = weedy check (Unweeded control), T2 = Weed-free check by hand weeding twice, T3 = Pendimethalin, T4 = Pretilachlor, T5 = Butachlor, T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor, T8 = Bispyriback sodium, T9 = 2,4-D amine, T10 = MCPA, T11 = Sunflower residues, T12 = Sunflower residues + 100% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T13 = Sunflower residues + 75% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T14 = Sunflower residues + 50% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated thrice. Weedy check registered significantly the highest total weed density (354.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter (51.81 g-2) while weed-free treatment by hand weeding twice recorded significantly the lowest total weed density (6.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter 0.49 g-2) . Weedy check produced the highest weed index (34.24%) and hand weeding produced the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the lowest total weed density (15 m-2) and total weed dry matter (6.43 g-2) after hand weeding. Hand weeding recorded the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to pendimethalin, pretilachlor, butachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuron ethyl. Higher grain yield was attributed to a higher number of panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest gross margin (22955 Tk. ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.32) were obtained from butachlor. Integration of sunflower residues with pyrazosulfuron ethyl produced effective weed suppression and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. Although the integration is less profitable than butachlor the farmers can use this technology as a feasible and environmentally sound approach in transplanted Aman rice field. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 47-58

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