scholarly journals Study the Parametric Effect of Pulling Pattern on Cherry Tomato Harvesting Using RSM-BBD Techniques

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Huaibei Xie ◽  
Deyi Kong ◽  
Jianhua Shan ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Horizontal Angle ◽  
Separation Force ◽  
Robotic Harvesting ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Detachment of fruit from the plants with separation force is important in robotic harvesting. Compared with twisting pattern and bending pattern, the pulling pattern for cherry tomato harvesting is more simple, more flexible, and easier to implement in robotic harvesting. It was found that the detachment force is closely related to the location of the fruit separation. However, in the pulling pattern, analysis of the effect of harvesting parameters of cherry tomatoes at the calyx/fruit joint has still not been carried out in depth. In this paper, the goal of this research was to investigate the effect of different harvesting parameters on the minimal detachment force of cherry tomatoes at the calyx/fruit joint. Experiments were designed according to response surface methodology Box–Behnken design by maintaining three levels of three process parameters—grasping angle, horizontal angle, and pitching angle. Results showed that the pitching angle is the most important parameter, and the grasping angle has little effect on the detachment force, and the detachment force was found within the range of 0.58 N to 2.46 N. Results also revealed that the minimum separation force of the cherry tomato harvesting at the calyx/fruit joint was obtained by the optimum conditions of the grasping angle of 68°, the horizontal angle of 135° and the pitching angle of 0°. Moreover, desirability function has also been used to optimize the angle parameters. The confirmation experiments validate the reliability and capability of the developed model.

scholarly journals Estimating genotype-environment interactions for internal fruit quality traits in cherry tomatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre ◽  
Franco Alirio Vallejo-Cabrera ◽  
Yacenia Morillo-Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Genotype-environment interactions (GEI) were assessed in 10 cherry tomato accessions in nine environments, including four artificial settings (0, 60 120, and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established on the experimental farms Montelindo (Palestina), Tesorito (Manizales), and CEUNP (Palmira) (Colombia). The plant material included 10 cherry tomato genotypes obtained from the germplasm bank at the Instituto Agronómico de Campinas and Tomato Genetics Resources Center (TGRC). A completely randomized block design with four blocks corresponding to the level of potassium fertilization was used (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1); 0 kg ha-1 was the level reported for the soil. The effective size of the experiment unit was seven plants; the plot included the five central plants. A distance of 1.5 m between rows, 0.50 m between plants, and 2 m between blocks was used. The contents of soluble solids (°Brix), vitamin C (mg/100 g fresh weight), and lycopene (µg g-1 fresh weight) were assessed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (P<0.01) between the tomato genotypes, environments, and G×E interactions for the three assessed traits . The AMMI analysis identified similar and contrasting environments and determined the genotypes that contributed the most to the GEI. The environments with 120 and 180 kg ha-1 potassium favored the expression of vitamin C, while Palmira favored the lycopene content. The findings are useful for identifying optimal locations and elite genotypes that can be used as sources of variability in fruit quality improvement programs for cherry tomatoes.

Lipase Acrylic Resin Catalyzed Interesterification of Sewage Sludge in Micro Packed Bed Reactor: Box-Behnken Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Ali A. Jazie ◽  
Riyam Imad Jaddan ◽  
Mohamed F. Al-Dawody ◽  
Suhad A. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design

Ethyl acetate as acyl accepter have been used for sewage sludge biodiesel production in micro packed bed reactor. Lipase acrylic resin enzyme activity was investigated in the interesterification reaction of converting the sewage sludge into a biodiesel product. The main parameters affecting the process was adjusted via the design of Box-Behnken and approach of response surface then the optimum conditions were as follow (reaction time=15 h, ethyl acetate/oil ratio=24:1, temperature=40 °C and enzyme quantity=18 wt%) providing 95.78 % biodiesel yield. The lipase acrylic resin was examined under the optimum conditions for the reusability. the flow effect and the heating process of the micro packed bed reactor was investigated. The product biodiesel physicochemical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D-6751-2 and found acceptable comparable to the mineral diesel properties.

scholarly journals Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Degradation by Fenton and Fenton-Like Processes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antover Panazzolo Sarmento ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos ◽  
Lincoln Lucílio Romualdo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Degradation Model ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Antibiotic Degradation

In this work, the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) via Fenton and Fenton-like processes was evaluated using Mn2+ as supporting catalyst in the Fenton reaction. The optimum conditions of degradation were also evaluated. Besides that, the effect of independent factors pH, [H2O2], [Fe2+], [Mn2+] and reaction time (t) on the efficiency of the SMX and TMP degradation were assessed. Box–Behnken was the experimental design adopted, delineating the relative concentration (C/Co) of antibiotics after treatments as response variable. The inferences were conducted using variance analysis, Pareto chart, response surface methodology, and desirability function. Due to the lack of adjustment of the SMX degradation model, there are no more inferences about it. The significant variables (p ≤ 0.05) on TMP degradation were: reaction time quadratic and linear effect, [Fe2+] linear effect, [Mn2+] linear effect, interaction pH vs. [Mn2+]. The Mn2+ addition aided TMP degradation in environments with lower pH values. However, the addition may harm the efficiency of the antibiotic degradation at higher pH. The optimum condition for TMP degradation in the conventional process (without the addition of Mn2+) is: pH 5, [H2O2] equal to 4.41 mmol L−1, [Fe2+] equal to 0.81 mmol L−1 and 90 min reaction time.

High tunnels without anti-insect netting benefit organic cherry tomato production in regions with cool and short growing seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Yun Kong ◽  
David Llewellyn ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

The potential market for locally produced organic cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) is large in Canada, but it is challenging to grow this warm-season crop in open fields (OFs) due to the cool and short growing season. To test the feasibility of using high tunnels (HTs) for improving organic production in southern Ontario, plant growth, fruit yield and quality, and pest and disease incidence were compared for ‘Sarina hybrid’ cherry tomato among three production systems: OF, HT, and high tunnel with anti-insect netting (HTN) in Guelph, ON, in 2015 and 2016. Averaged over the 2 yr, the highest marketable fruit yield was achieved in HT (≈70 t ha−1), followed by HTN (≈50 t ha−1), with the lowest yield obtained in OF (≈24 t ha−1). Compared with OF, increased plant growth, extended harvest period, reduced pest numbers, and increased proportion of marketable fruits all led to the higher marketable yields in HT and HTN. Under HT vs. OF, fruit quality attributes, such as soluble solids content and post-harvest water loss, were better in 2015 and similar in 2016. Although the insect netting reduced pest incidence and disease infection, fruits harvested from HTN had lower yield, smaller size, and lower soluble solids content than those from HT in both years. Therefore, HT can be recommended for organic production of cherry tomatoes in southern Ontario.

scholarly journals Optimization of Insoluble and Soluble Fibres Extraction fromAgave americanaL. Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Bouaziz ◽  
Manel Masmoudi ◽  
Amel Kamoun ◽  
Souhail Besbes
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Experimental Design Methodology ◽  
Significant Factors

Experimental design methodology was used to determine significant factors affecting the extraction yield of soluble and insoluble fibres fromAgave americanaL. and in second time to find optimum conditions leading to the highest yield. Results clearly indicated that the temperature, the powder to water (P/W) ratio, and the agitation speed were the most important factors influencing fibres extraction yield which increased with temperature, P/W ratio, and agitation speed. Ionic strength affected significantly soluble fibre extraction yield and was the most important factor among nonsignificant ones influencing insoluble fibres extraction yield. Then, a Box-Behnken design was carried out to maximise fibres extraction. Selected optimal conditions were temperature: 90°C; P/W ratio: 0.1625; agitation speed: 400 rpm; and ionic strength: 1.5 g/L. These conditions yielded 93.02% and 80.46% of insoluble and soluble fibres, respectively. Concentrates showed high fibres purity and good functional properties.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fenton Technology for Recalcitrant Compounds and Bacteria Inactivation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Pablo Salgado ◽  
José Luis Frontela ◽  
Gladys Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteria Inactivation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, the Fenton technology was applied to decolorize methylene blue (MB) and to inactivate Escherichia coli K12, used as recalcitrant compound and bacteria models respectively, in order to provide an approach into single and combinative effects of the main process variables influencing the Fenton technology. First, Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to evaluate and optimize the individual and interactive effects of three process parameters, namely Fe2+ concentration (6.0 × 10−4, 8.0 × 10−4 and 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L), molar ratio between H2O2 and Fe2+ (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) and pH (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) for Fenton technology. The responses studied in these models were the degree of MB decolorization (D%MB), rate constant of MB decolorization (kappMB) and E. coli K12 inactivation in uLog units (IuLogEC). According to the results of analysis of variances all of the proposed models were adequate with a high regression coefficient (R2 from 0.9911 to 0.9994). BBD results suggest that [H2O2]/[Fe2+] values had a significant effect only on D%MB response, [Fe2+] had a significant effect on all the responses, whereas pH had a significant effect on D%MB and IuLogEC. The optimum conditions obtained from response surface methodology for D%MB ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 2.9, [Fe2+] = 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L and pH = 3.2), kappMB ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 1.7, [Fe2+] = 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L and PH = 3.7) and IuLogEC ([H2O2]/[Fe2+] = 2.9, [Fe2+] = 7.6 × 10−4 mol/L and pH= 3.2) were in good agreement with the values predicted by the model.

scholarly journals Optimization of Operating Parameters on Dry Grinding of Calcite in a Stirred Media Mill Using the Box-Behnken Design

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Diler Katircioglu-Bayel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Filling Ratio ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Stirrer Speed ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Grinding Time ◽  
Stirred Media Mill

The optimization of the operating parameters of a stirred media mill in the dry grinding of calcite was investigated. A three-level Box-Behnken design was used for the purpose of examining the impact of four independent factors, the stirrer speed (SS), grinding time (GT), media filling ratio (MFR), and solid mass fraction (SMF), on the product particle size (d50). For the purpose of establishing an empirical correlation between operating parameters and responses, a series of experiments were carried out. Variance analysis showed a reasonably good value for d50 (R2 = 0.965). According to the software solutions, the optimum conditions for minimizing the d50 size were found to be 573 rpm stirrer speed, 11.18 min grinding time, 63% media filling ratio, and 11.52% solid mass fraction, with 3.78 µm for the d50 size. To verify the improvement of grinding, verification tests were performed using the above-mentioned optimum conditions and the average d50 size and standard deviation were found to be 3.83 µm and 0.025, respectively. The average d50 value obtained was smaller than those obtained in the 27 tests. Furthermore, when the optimum result obtained from the experiments was compared with the result obtained using the software, a 22% energy saving was achieved. The impacts of grinding on the structural characteristics of calcite particles were characterized by XRD analysis. XRD measurements indicated that no change was observed in the peak areas of ground calcite specimens compared to the untreated calcite specimen.

scholarly journals Effect of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Corrosion of Mild Steel using Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
A.O. Okewale ◽  
O.A. Adesina ◽  
B.H. Akpeji
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Effect of Terminalia catappa leaves (TCL) extract in inhibiting corrosion of mild steel was investigated. In order to obtain the maximum inhibition efficiency, optimization of the process variables affecting corrosion of mild steel was carried out using the Box – Behnken Design plan and desirability function of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The three parameters - varied include; TCL concentration (inhibitor), immersion time, and temperature and there effects in corrosion inhibition were established. The optimum conditions predicted from the quadratic model were inhibitor’s concentratrion (0.39 g/l), exposure time (8.68 hours), and temperature (36.06 oC) with the inhibition efficiency of 91.95 %. The data fitted well to the quadratic model which was validated. Adsorption of the extract’s component on the mild steel was responsible for the inhibitory effect of the TCL extract.The results showed that 97.92% of the total variation in the inhibition efficiency of TCL can be connected to the variables studied. Keywords: Mild steel, acid, Terminalia catappa, Corrosion, Response surface methodology (RSM).

scholarly journals Optimization of process variables for phyllanthin extraction from Phyllanthus amarus leaves by supercritical fluid using a Box-Behnken experimental design followed by HPLC identification

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit A. Patil ◽  
Sachin S. Bhusari ◽  
Devanand B. Shinde ◽  
Pravin S. Wakte
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken design was established to describe supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction of phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn leaves prior to HPLC analysis. The effects of extraction pressure, temperature, modifier concentration and extraction time on the yield of phyllanthin were investigated. By solving the regression equation, the optimum conditions were as follows: extraction pressure 23.2 MPa, temperature 40 °C, methanol as modifier at a concentration of 10 % and time 90 min. Under these conditions, the phyllanthin yield was 12.83 ± 0.28 mg g-1, which was in good agreement with the predicted values. Modifier concentration and extraction time showed a significant effect on the phyllanthin yield.

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