scholarly journals Boot Swabs to Evaluate Cleaning and Disinfection Success in Poultry Barns

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rafael H. Mateus-Vargas ◽  
Kira Butenholz ◽  
Nina Volkmann ◽  
Christian Sürie ◽  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Method Factors ◽  
Species Being

Due to the relevance of cleaning and disinfection in farm hygiene management, accurate evaluation of the success of such procedures remains a fundamental challenge for producers. This study aimed to use boot swab sampling to quantify the effects of such practices in poultry barns. For this purpose, the counts of both the total and fecal indicator bacteria were detected after the application of a cleaning and disinfection protocol in identical barns that were occupied by turkeys and broilers. Boot swab samples were compared to an established agar contact plating method to evaluate disinfection success. Statistical analyses showed no correlations between the bacterial counts that were obtained with either method. In contrast to the agar contact plating method, boot swab sampling permitted the assessment of the hygienic conditions of the barn floors before and after cleaning procedures. Furthermore, according to observations with the boot swab method, factors related to the species being farmed influenced the initial bacterial loads but did not affect the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection. Species identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) also suggested that non-fecal bacteria grow on selective media. Further studies should validate the use of this sampling technique by comparing different cleaning and disinfection protocols.

scholarly journals Oviduct Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Change the Phospholipid Composition of Bovine Embryos Developed In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Banliat ◽  
Daniel Le Bourhis ◽  
Ophélie Bernardi ◽  
Daniel Tomas ◽  
Valérie Labas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oviduct Fluid

Oviduct fluid extracellular vesicles (oEVs) have been proposed as bringing key molecules to the early developing embryo. In order to evaluate the changes induced by oEVs on embryo phospholipids, fresh bovine blastocysts developed in vitro in the presence or absence of oEVs were analyzed by intact cell MALDI-TOF (Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization—Time of flight) mass spectrometry (ICM-MS). The development rates, cryotolerance, and total cell number of blastocysts were also evaluated. The exposure to oEVs did not affect blastocyst yield or cryotolerance but modified the phospholipid content of blastocysts with specific changes before and after blastocoel expansion. The annotation of differential peaks due to oEV exposure evidenced a shift of embryo phospholipids toward more abundant phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and sphingomyelins (SM) with long-chain fatty acids. The lipidomic profiling of oEVs showed that 100% and 33% of the overabundant masses in blastocysts and expanded blastocysts, respectively, were also present in oEVs. In conclusion, this study provides the first analysis of the embryo lipidome regulated by oEVs. Exposure to oEVs induced significant changes in the phospholipid composition of resulting embryos, probably mediated by the incorporation of oEV-phospholipids into embryo membranes and by the modulation of the embryonic lipid metabolism by oEV molecular cargos.

scholarly journals Exploring the Inhibition of CTX-M-9 by β-Lactamase Inhibitors and Carbapenems

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 3465-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Bethel ◽  
Magdalena Taracila ◽  
Teresa Shyr ◽  
Jodi M. Thomson ◽  
Anne M. Distler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enzyme Intermediate

ABSTRACTCurrently, CTX-M β-lactamases are among the most prevalent and most heterogeneous extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). In general, CTX-M enzymes are susceptible to inhibition by β-lactamase inhibitors. However, it is unknown if the pathway to inhibition by β-lactamase inhibitors for CTX-M ESBLs is similar to TEM and SHV β-lactamases and why bacteria possessing only CTX-M ESBLs are so susceptible to carbapenems. Here, we have performed a kinetic analysis and timed electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) studies to reveal the intermediates of inhibition of CTX-M-9, an ESBL representative of this family of enzymes. CTX-M-9 β-lactamase was inactivated by sulbactam, tazobactam, clavulanate, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem, and a 6-methylidene penem, penem 1.Kivalues ranged from 1.6 ± 0.3 μM (mean ± standard error) for tazobactam to 0.02 ± 0.01 μM for penem 1. Before and after tryptic digestion of the CTX-M-9 β-lactamase apo-enzyme and CTX-M-9 inactivation by inhibitors (meropenem, clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam, and penem 1), ESI-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified different adducts attached to the peptide containing the active site Ser70 (+52, 70, 88, and 156 ± 3 atomic mass units). This study shows that a multistep inhibition pathway results from modification or fragmentation with clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam, while a single acyl enzyme intermediate is detected when meropenem and penem 1 inactivate CTX-M-9 β-lactamase. More generally, we propose that Arg276 in CTX-M-9 plays an essential role in the recognition of the C3carboxylate of inhibitors and that the localization of this positive charge to a “region of the active site” rather than a specific residue represents an important evolutionary strategy used by β-lactamases.

scholarly journals Detection of Frozen–Thawed Duck Fatty Liver by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: A Chemometrics Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Laurent Aubry ◽  
Thierry Sayd ◽  
Claude Ferreira ◽  
Christophe Chambon ◽  
Annie Vénien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Discriminant Power

The marketing of poultry livers is only authorized as fresh, frozen, or deep-frozen. The higher consumer demand for these products for a short period of time may lead to the marketing of frozen–thawed poultry livers: this constitutes fraud. The aim of this study was to design a method for distinguishing frozen–thawed livers from fresh livers. For this, the spectral fingerprint of liver proteins was acquired using Matrix-Assisted Laser Dissociation Ionization-Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometry. The spectra were analyzed using the chemometrics approach. First, principal component analysis studied the expected variability of commercial conditions before and after freezing–thawing. Then, the discriminant power of spectral fingerprint of liver proteins was assessed using supervised model generation. The combined approach of mass spectrometry and chemometrics successfully described the evolution of protein profile during storage time, before and after freezing-thawing, and successfully discriminated the fresh and frozen–thawed livers. These results are promising in terms of fraud detection, providing an opportunity for implementation of a reference method for agencies to fight fraud.

scholarly journals Mycobacteria fecal shedding in wild boars (Sus scrofa), South-eastern France

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Fellag ◽  
Michel Drancourt ◽  
Jean-Lou Marié ◽  
Bernard Davoust
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Species Being

ABSTRACTThe recent recrudescence of tuberculosis in cattle has implicated wild boar as a reservoir and vector of this disease, which led to the investigation of fecal shedding of the causativeMycobacterium bovis. In the Provence region of France, wild boars are very abundant, and the current study was carried out to assess the presence of tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria in feces of wild boar population. W e developed an original protocol allowing the fast isolation of mycobacteria by combining a 1%-chlorhexidine decontamination of fecal matter with culture on MOD9 medium. Colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with DNA sequencing. This protocol yielded no tuberculous mycobacteria among ninety-nine wild boar fecal samples collected in the Provence region. However, non-tuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from five samples (5.05%), includingMycobacterium peregrinum, Mycobacterium vaccaeandMycobacterium setense, the last species being previously unreported in the wild boar; in addition to two positive samples forNocardiaspp. In conclusion, wild boars in southeastern France are not shedding tuberculosis agents, but they could constitute a reservoir of human non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis in selected populations directly exposed to wild boars.

Decontaminated Single-Use Devices: An Oxymoron That May Be Placing Patients at Risk for Cross-Contamination

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Heeg ◽  
Klaus Roth ◽  
Rudolf Reichl ◽  
C. Philip Cogdill ◽  
Walter W. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Cross Contamination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Device ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

AbstractObjective:To determine whether reprocessed single-use devices would meet regulatory standards for sterility and meet the same materials standards as a new device.Design:The study included single-use and reusable biopsy forceps and papillotomes and a reusable stone retrieval basket. The suitability of these devices for cleaning and disinfection or sterilization was examined.Methods:Testing of cleanability was conducted on devices contaminated with technetium 99-radiolabeled human blood. Instruments were cleaned using hospital recommended practices for manual cleaning. Gamma counts per second were determined before and after cleaning to localize contaminants, which were additionally visualized using light and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray phc-toelectron spectroscopy was used to quantify contamination elements on the materials tested. Residual bioburden testing on instruments contaminated with microorganisms suspended in coagulable sheep blood was carried out to establish the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization.Results:All devices remained contaminated after cleaning, but single-use devices and the stone basket tended to be more heavily contaminated than reusable forceps and papillotomes. Cleaning procedures facilitated distribution of contaminants further into the lumens of the disposable forceps. Decreased concentrations of silicon and increased concentrations of carbon and nitrogen suggested that layers of silicon lubricant had been removed and contaminants were organic material. Reusable devices were effectively disinfected, but single-use devices were not Sterilization could not eliminate the challenge microorganisms completely.Conclusions:None of the reprocessed single-use instruments were effectively cleaned, disinfected, or sterilized. This condition may provide an opportunity for the viability of non-resistant or nosocomial organisms and viruses. Additionally, reprocessing procedures may result in material destruction of fragile devices. Cost-saving initiatives that have inspired reprocessing of single-use devices, despite the absence of data establishing the efficacy of decontamination and the durability of materials throughout reprocessing, should be pushed into the background.

scholarly journals Topical Decolonization Does Not Eradicate the Skin Microbiota of Community-Dwelling or Hospitalized Adults

2016 ◽  
pp. AAC.01289-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey-Ann D. Burnham ◽  
Patrick G. Hogan ◽  
Meghan A. Wallace ◽  
Elena Deych ◽  
William Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intranasal Mupirocin ◽  
Topical Antimicrobials ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Over Time

Topical antimicrobials are often employed for decolonization and infection prevention and may alter the endogenous microbiota of the skin. The objective of this study was to compare the microbial community, richness, and diversity in community-dwelling subjects and intensive care unit (ICU) patients before and after the use of topical decolonization protocols. We enrolled 15 adults at risk forStaphylococcus aureusinfection. Community subjects (n=8) underwent a 5-day decolonization protocol (twice daily intranasal mupirocin and daily dilute bleach water baths) and ICU patients (n=7) received daily chlorhexidine baths. Swab samples were collected from 5 anatomic sites immediately before, and again after, decolonization. A variety of culture media and incubation environments were used to recover bacteria and fungi; isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Overall, 174 unique organisms were recovered. Unique communities of organisms were recovered from the community-dwelling and hospitalized cohorts. In the community-dwelling cohort, microbial richness and diversity did not differ significantly between collections across time points, although the number of body sites colonized withS. aureussignificantly decreased over time (P=0.004). Within the hospitalized cohort, richness and diversity decreased over time compared to the enrollment sampling (from enrollment to final sampling,P=0.01 for both richness and diversity). Topical antimicrobials reduced the burden ofS. aureuswhile preserving other components of the skin and nasal microbiota.

Helicobacter pylori protein response to human bile stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhong Shao ◽  
Qunye Zhang ◽  
Yundong Sun ◽  
Zhifang Liu ◽  
Jiping Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flagellar Protein ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Protein Response

The ability of Helicobacter pylori to tolerate bile is likely to be important for its colonization and survival in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. As bile can be acidified after reflux into the low pH of the human stomach, the inhibitory effect of fresh human bile with normal appearance on H. pylori before and after acidification was tested first. The results showed that acidification of bile attenuated its inhibitory activity towards H. pylori. Next, the protein profiles of H. pylori under human bile and acidified bile stress were obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots with differential expression were identified using tandem matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the changes in proteomic profiles under bile and acidified bile stress were similar when compared with that of normal H. pylori. Expression of 28 proteins was found to be modulated, with the majority being induced during bile or acidified bile exposure. These proteins included molecular chaperones, proteins involved in iron storage, chemotaxis protein, enzymes related to energy metabolism and flagellar protein. These results indicate that H. pylori responds to bile and acidified bile stress through multiple mechanisms involving many signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Cleaning and infection control of airway clearance devices used by CF patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eynav Manor ◽  
Michal Gur ◽  
Yuval Geffen ◽  
Lea Bentur
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Airway Clearance ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Respiratory Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Devices ◽  
And Control

Respiratory treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients includes use of respiratory devices. Contamination of airway clearance devices has not been adequately explored. We aimed to determine whether airway clearance devices are contaminated after use and whether cleaning guidelines for nebulizers are as effective for airway clearance devices. Patients brought their airway clearance devices to the clinic. Swabs from the devices were taken before and after cleaning and were cultured for bacterial counts. Total colony-forming units (CFU) was determined, and predominant colonies were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry technology. Thirty devices were collected from 23 patients. Most of the devices (28/30) were contaminated when brought to the clinic. Complete bacterial eradication was achieved in 15 (50%) samples and partial eradication in 9 (30%). The cleaning was totally ineffective in four samples. Median CFU decreased significantly from 1250 (IQR 25–75% 175–10.000) to 0 (IQR 25–75% 0–700) before and after cleaning ( p < 0.0001). The predominant organisms were identified in five samples only, and there was no concordance with sputum culture results. Airway clearance devices are contaminated after use, and appropriate cleaning can reduce contamination. The effect on disease progression in CF patients is unclear. There is a need for infection prevention and control guidelines for the growing number of respiratory devices.

The Influence of Attitudes, Subjective, Norms, and Behavior Controls on Intention to Choose Islamic Banks With Islamic Religiosity as a Moderating Variable (Case Study at Bri Syariah Purwokerto Customers)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Khoyrun Najakh ◽  
Dwiwiyati Astogini ◽  
Sri Martini
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Customers

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes on the intention to choose Islamic banks, to analyze the effect of subjective norm on the intention to choose Islamic banks. to analyze the effect of the control behavior of the intention to choose the Islamic banks, to analyze the moderating influence of religiosity on the relationship attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control of the intention to choose the Islamic banks . The method used is a survey with a sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of this study was 100 respondents . Further analysis tools used in this study is multiple regression analysis using SPSS 16.0 software . Based on this study it can be concluded that the attitude does not affect to the intention of choose Bank BRISyariah. Subjective norm positive effect on intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Control behavior does not affect to the intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Relationship between Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavior Control with the intention to select Bank BRISyariah not moderated by religiosity.Based on these conclusions can be said that the Bank BRISyariah should improve understanding related to the subjective norm in order to increase the number of customers who use the services of Islamic Banking . Further research is recommended in order to follow up and develop this research to further explore the independent and dependent variables continued before and after behavioral intention or intention to perform a specific action .

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