scholarly journals Treatment of Sweet Pepper with Stress Tolerance-Inducing Compounds Alleviates Salinity Stress Oxidative Damage by Mediating the Physio-Biochemical Activities and Antioxidant Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Abdelaal ◽  
Lamiaa M. EL-Maghraby ◽  
Hosam Elansary ◽  
Yaser M. Hafez ◽  
Eid I. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Proline Concentration

Salinity stress occurs due to the accumulation of high levels of salts in soil, which ultimately leads to the impairment of plant growth and crop loss. Stress tolerance-inducing compounds have a remarkable ability to improve growth and minimize the effects of salinity stress without negatively affecting the environment by controlling the physiological and molecular activities in plants. Two pot experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 to study the influence of salicylic acid (1 mM), yeast extract (6 g L−1), and proline (10 mM) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet pepper plants under saline conditions (2000 and 4000 ppm). The results showed that salt stress led to decreasing the chlorophyll content, relative water content, and fruit yields, whereas electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased in salt-stressed plants. The application of salicylic acid (1 mM), yeast extract (6 g L−1), and proline (10 mM) markedly improved the physiological characteristics and fruit yields of salt-stressed plants compared with untreated stressed plants. A significant reduction in electrolyte leakage, MDA, and ROS was also recorded for all treatments. In conclusion, our results reveal the important role of proline, SA, and yeast extracts in enhancing sweet pepper growth and tolerance to salinity stress via modulation of the physiological parameters and antioxidants machinery. Interestingly, proline proved to be the best treatment.

scholarly journals Identification of genes associated with productivity traits and salinity tolerance from activation tagged lines of rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Vamsee Raja ◽  
Kalva Madhanasekhar ◽  
Vudem Dashavantha Reddy ◽  
Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy ◽  
Khareedu Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Effective Antioxidant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

AbstractWorld-wide crop productivity is hugely impacted by diverse eco-environmental conditions. In the present investigation, activation tagged (AT) lines of rice endowed with improved agronomic attributes have been analyzed for tolerance to salinity stress besides identification of genes associated with these attributes. Under salinity stress conditions, AT lines exhibited increased seed germination rates, improved plant growth and development at vegetative and reproductive stages as compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, AT lines disclosed enhanced plant water content, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and maximum quantum yield when compared to WT plants, leading to improved yields and delayed onset of stress symptoms. Moreover, AT lines revealed effective antioxidant systems causing decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and delayed salinity stress symptoms compared to WT plants. Reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde with concomitant increases in proline and soluble sugars of AT lines further endorsing their improved stress tolerance levels. TAIL and qRT-PCR analyses of AT lines revealed Ds element integrations at different loci and respective overexpression of identified candidate genes involved in various aspects of plant development and stress tolerance. Accordingly, the AT lines plausibly serve as a rare genetic resource for fortifying stress tolerance and productivity traits of elite rice cultivars.HighlightActivation tagged lines of rice endowed with improved agronomic attributes have been analyzed for tolerance to salinity stress besides identification and expression analysis of genes associated with these attributes.

Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zahra khazaei ◽  
Asghar Estaji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

scholarly journals Chilling Tolerance Improving of Watermelon Seedling by Salicylic Acid Seed and Foliar Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad SAYYARI ◽  
Fardin GHANBARI ◽  
Sajad FATAHI ◽  
Fatemeh BAVANDPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Application Methods

Chilling temperatures lead to numerous physiological disturbances in the cells of chilling-sensitive plants and result in chilling injury and death of tropical and subtropical plants such as watermelon. In this study, the possibility of cold stress tolerance enhancing of watermelon seedling (Citrullus lanatus) by exogenous application of Salicylic acid (SA) was investigated. SA was applied through seed soaking or foliar spray at 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM concentration. After SA treatment, the seedlings were subjected to chilling 5 h/day at 4°C for 5 days. Statistical analysis showed significant effects of the application methods and SA concentrations on plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage, proline and chilling injury index. SA application improved growth parameters and increased chlorophyll content of watermelon seedling subjected to chilling stress and provided significant protection against chilling stress compared to non-SA-treated seedlings. Although two SA application methods improved chilling stress tolerance, seed soaking method provided better protection compared to foliar spray method. SA ameliorated the injury caused by chilling stress via inhibiting proline accumulation and leaf electrolyte leakage. The highest cold tolerance was obtained with 0.5 mM SA application. Results indicate that SA could be used effectively to protect watermelon seedling from damaging effects of chilling stress at the early stages of growth.

The key roles of salicylic acid and sulfur in plant salinity stress tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Rasheed ◽  
Naser A. Anjum ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Adriano Sofo ◽  
Nafees A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Growth, Water Relations, and Photosynthetic Activity Are Associated with Evaluating Salinity Stress Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abeer Hamdy Elhakem
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Noticeable Reduction

Salinity stress riskiness adversely affects the population by causing food and environmental issues. Moreover, the destructive impacts of salinization differ among various plant cultivars. In the present study, we evaluate the salt stress tolerance among three wheat cultivars based on growth criteria, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and abscisic acid (ABA) level by treating the plants with 0, 40, 80, or 160 mM NaCl. The results revealed that an increase in NaCl concentration caused a massive reduction in growth (shoot and root growth criteria and flag leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total pigments), and LRWC value, but a significant increase in the ABA content in flag leaf in all wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivars were otherwise exposed to anatomical characteristics and photosynthetic gas exchange investigations. NaCl toxicity induced a noticeable reduction in stomatal aperture area (SAA), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn). These impacts were remarkable with the 160 mM NaCl treatments for all evaluated parameters. Moreover, Sakha 69 revealed salinity tolerance greater than Giza168, and Sakha8 was the most salt-sensitive cultivar. Consequently, we recognized Sakha 69 as a salt-tolerant cultivar that may be used as parents in breeding programs for new cultivars with enhanced salt tolerance and for further genetic investigations to reveal the genetic strategies controlling the response of salinity stress in the wheat plant.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID FOLIAR APPLICATION ON Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘SULTANA’ UNDER SALINITY STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Oraei ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari ◽  
Sima Panahirad ◽  
Elnaz Zareei ◽  
Fariborz Zaare-Nahandi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Salinity Condition ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

The current survey aimed to study the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application on salinity stress of grapevine cv. ’Sultana’. The leaves of hydroponically cultivated grapes that were under 0, 75 and 150 mM salinity conditions treated with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM SA and after two weeks, the factors such as Na+, K+, proline and MDA contents, leaf electrolyte leakage and enzymatic activities were measured. The results showed that all SA treatments were significantly effective at tolerance enhancement by reduction in Na+/K+ ratio, leaf electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2 values and promotion in proline content and the enzymatic activities (POD, APX, CAT and SOD) of grapes. These results indicated that SA application at salinity condition could be applied as a promising method for increasing the salinity tolerance of ‘Sultana’ grapes.

Ameliorative role of Silicon on Osmoprotectants, Antioxidant Enzymes and Growth of Maize Grown Under Alkaline Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriramachandrasekharan Malayappa venkataraman ◽  
Gokula Priya Natarajan ◽  
Manivannan Rengarajan ◽  
Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Purpose Maize is grown under a wide spectrum of soil and climatic conditions. Maize is moderately sensitive to salt stress and response of maize under alkaline stress is scanty. Further, silicon is known to protect crops from abiotic stress. Hence, a pot experiment was conducted to study the mechanism on the effect of silicon on maize grown in alkaline stress Methods Maize CO 8 was grown in soil treated with four levels of alkaline stress (0, 25, 50, 75 mM) created through addition of sodium carbonate and three levels of silicon (0,100 and 150 kg ha− 1) applied to root through sodium meta silicate. The experiment was conducted in factorial CRD with three replications. Results Alkaline stress at graded levels caused reduction in growth (5 to 16%), dry weight (28 to 59%) and relative water content (5 to 23%). But electrolyte leakage (6 to 49%), proline (26 to 62%), phenol (8 to 44%), protein (6 to 19%), anti-oxidant systems viz., peroxidase (30 to 52%), SOD (4 to 16%) and catalase activities (32 to 127%) increased with increase in alkaline stress level. Soil application of silicon at different levels improved growth ( 5 to 10%) and dry weight (17 to 30%) of maize, relative water content (6 to 12%) and antioxidant enzymes ( 25 to 52%), water soluble protein ( 7 to10%), phenol ( 10 to 18%) while reduced electrolyte leakage( 15 to 25%) and proline( 17 to 29%). Conclusions It is evident from the study that root supplementation of silicon improved the growth and dry weight of maize crop grown in alkaline stress soil through its action on antioxidant systems and maximum effect was evident with 150 kg Si/ha

scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid in regulating ethylene and physiological characteristics for alleviating salinity stress on germination, growth and yield of sweet pepper

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazir Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Tanveer ul Haq ◽  
Muhammad Usman Jamshaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Use Efficiency

Background During a preliminary study, effects of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mM NaCl salinity were assessed on germination rate in relation to electrolyte leakage (EL) in sweet pepper. Results explored significant rises in ethylene evolution from seeds having more EL. It was, therefore, hypothesized that excessive ethylene biosynthesis in plants due to salinity stress might be a root cause of low crop productivity. As salicylic acid is one of the potent ethylene inhibitors, thus SA was used to combat effects of ethylene produced under salinity stress of 60 mM NaCl on different physiological and morphological characteristics of sweet pepper. Methodology The effect of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mM SA was evaluated on seed germination, growth and yield of sweet pepper cv. Yolo wonder at salinity stress on 60 mM NaCl. Seeds were primed with SA concentrations and incubated till 312 h in an incubator to study germination. Same SA concentrations were sprayed on foliage of plants grown in saline soil (60 mM NaCl). Results Seeds primed by 0.2 to 0.3 mM SA improved germination rate by 33% due to suppression of ethylene from 3.19 (control) to 2.23–2.70 mg plate−1. Electrolyte leakage reduced to 20.8–21.3% in seeds treated by 0.2–0.3 mM SA compared to 39.9% in untreated seeds. Results also explored that seed priming by 0.3 mM improved TSS, SOD and chlorophyll contents from 13.7 to 15.0 mg g−1 FW, 4.64 to 5.38 activity h−1 100 mg−1 and 89 to 102 ug g−1 compared to untreated seeds, respectively. Results also explore that SA up to 0.2 mM SA applied on plant foliage improved LAI (5–13%), photosynthesis (4–27%), WUE (11–57%), dry weight (5–20%), SOD activity (4–20%) and finally fruit yield (4–20%) compared to untreated plants by ameliorating effect of 60 mM NaCl. Foliar application of SA also caused significant increase in nutrient use efficiency due to significant variations in POD and SOD activities. Conclusion Salicylic acid suppressed ethylene evolution from germinating seeds up to 30% under stress of 60 mM NaCl due to elevated levels of TSS and SOD activity. Foliar application of SA upgraded SOD by lowering POD activity to improve NUE particularly K use efficiency at salinity stress of 60 mM NaCl. Application of 0.2 and 0.3 mM SA emerged as the most effective concentrations of SA for mitigating 60 mM NaCl stress on different physiological and morphological characteristics of sweet pepper.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Damages by Exogenous Chitosan and Yeast Extract with Modulating the Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidant Defense System and Improving the Productivity of Garlic Plants

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdelaal ◽  
Kotb A. Attia ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała ◽  
Tomasz Wojciechowski ◽  
Yaser Hafez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Relative Water

Garlic is an important vegetable in terms of its economic value and also as a medicinal plant. In this study, chitosan (300 mM) and yeast extract (8 g/L) were used individually or in combination to improve the yields of garlic plants under drought conditions (i.e., 75% and 50% of the water they would normally receive from irrigation) for two seasons. Significant decreases in numbers of leaves per plant and plant height, plant dry weight, relative water content, and chlorophyll a and b concentrations were found in stressed garlic plants in both seasons. The greatest reductions in these characters were recorded in plants that received only 50% of the normal irrigation in both seasons. Levels of hydrogen peroxide, products of lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde, and superoxide, as well as percentages of electrolyte leakage, were elevated considerably and were signals of oxidative damage. The application of the yeast extract (8 g/L) or chitosan (300 mM) individually or in combination led to a remarkable increase in the most studied characters of the stressed garlic plants. The combination of yeast extract (8 g/L) plus chitosan (300 mM) led to increase plant height (44%), ascorbic acid levels (30.2%), and relative water content (36.8%), as well as the chlorophyll a (50.7%) and b concentrations (79%), regulated the proline content and levels of antioxidant enzymes in stressed garlic plants that received 75% of the normal irrigation, and this decreased the signs of oxidative stress (i.e., percentage of electrolyte leakage and levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide).

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