Exploratory Study on the Foliar Incorporation and Stability of Isotopically Labeled Amino Acids Applied to Turfgrass

There is increasing interest in the use of amino acid-based biostimulant products due to their reported abilities to improve a number of quality characteristics in a variety of specialty crops. However, when it comes to the foliar application of amino acids to turfgrass, there are still many basic questions about their uptake forms and incorporation into cellular metabolism. In this study, we shed light on the fate of amino acids exogenously applied to turfgrass foliage through a series of time-course, isotopic-labeling studies in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) leaves. Using both 15N-labeled and 15N,13C double-labeled L-glutamate applied exogenously to creeping bentgrass foliage, we measured the uptake of glutamate and its integration into γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-proline, two amino acids with known roles in plant stress adaptation. Our results demonstrate that glutamate is rapidly absorbed into creeping bentgrass foliage and that it is utilized to produce GABA and proline. Based on the labeling patterns observed in the endogenous pools of glutamate/glutamine, GABA, and the proline from applied glutamate-[13C515N1], we can further conclude that glutamate is predominantly taken up intact and that mineralization into other forms of nitrogen is a minor fate. Taken together, the collective findings of this study provide evidence that amino acids exogenously applied to turfgrass foliage can be rapidly absorbed, and serve as stable sources of precursor molecules to be integrated into the metabolism of the plant.

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Analysis of relations between crop temperature indices and yield of different sunflower hybrids foliar treated by biopreparations

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.1515/agri-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 28-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marek Kovár ◽

Ivan Černý ◽

Dávid Ernst

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Quantitative Relationship ◽

Stress Index ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Water Stress Index ◽

Prediction And Control ◽

And Control

Abstract The application of biological active preparations (BAPs) and remote-sensing control in the management of agronomic intervention are an important part of successful crop cultivation. The effects of foliar application of two BAPs (containing amino acids or Abiestins®) on yield and yield-forming, as well eco-physiological traits calculated from infrared thermographs data (crop water stress index, CWSI and index of stomatal conductance, Ig) of three hybrids of sunflower were studied in field poly-factorial experiments, realised during two years (2012 and 2013). The results showed that the application of selected BAPs has contributed to an increase of the sunflower yield, in particular through an increase in the weight of thousand seeds (rp = 0.761, P < 0.001). Similarly, oil content in achenes was significantly higher in treatments with BAPs, mainly with preparation containing free amino acids. The study describes the quantitative relationship between yield and quality of sunflower production (rp = −0.41, P < 0.01). Selected hybrids of sunflower in two growth stages showed the significant differences in CWSI and Ig (both at P < 0.01), respectively. An analysis of negative linear relation between the yield of achenes and CWSI (rp = −0.654, P < 0.001) confirmed that higher value of plant stress resulted in a smaller yield and vice-versa. The opposite trend was observed between yield and Ig index (rp = 0.576, P < 0.001). The data obtained from IR thermography can be used for monitoring the physiological health of sunflower plants, as well in potential prediction and control of yield.

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Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/4/2010-swr ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 21-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

H. Khaled ◽

H.A. Fawy

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Foliar Application ◽

N Uptake ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Nutrient Elements ◽

A Minor

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

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In situ studies on alginic acid synthesis and other aspects of the metabolism of Laminaria digitata

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b72-023 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Johan A. Hellebust ◽

Arne Haug

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Time Course ◽

Alginic Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Short Term ◽

Fresh Weight Basis ◽

Mannuronic Acid ◽

Guluronic Acid ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis

Amino acids, particularly alanine and aspartate, become more strongly labeled than mannitol in short-term 14C-photoassimilation experiments. The amino acids are the most likely sources of carbon for alginic acid synthesis and respiration in the dark, in contrast to mannitol, which appears to be relatively unavailable. Temperature is very important in determining the rate of loss of recent photoassimilate in L. digitata. The rate of photosynthesis, on a fresh weight basis, is much higher for blades than for stipes.The time course for incorporation of photoassimilated carbon into alginate differs for the stipe and blade both in light and dark periods. Very little 14C enters alginate in blades in the dark, while alginate in stipes acquires considerable amounts of activity during dark periods. Alginate in both blade and stipe acquires 14C predominantly in mannuronic acid residues of their alginate during short-term photoassimilation periods, while guluronic acid residues become relatively more rapidly labeled during dark periods.

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Impact of Foliar Application of Amino Acids on Total Phenols, Phenolic Acids Content of Different Mints Varieties under the Field Condition

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 599

Author(s):

Živilė Tarasevičienė ◽

Aloyzas Velička ◽

Aurelija Paulauskienė

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Individual Response ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Wide Range

Phenolic compounds have a number of benefits to human health and can be used as preventive compounds for the development of some chronic diseases. Mentha plants are not only a good source of essential oils, but also contain significant levels of wide range of phenolic compounds. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility to increase phenols content in Mentha plants under the foliar application with L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine at two concentrations (100 mg L−1 and 200 mg L−1) and to create preconditions for using this plant for even more diverse purposes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of phenols in mints were performed by HPLC method. Foliar application of amino acids increased the total phenol content from 1.22 to 3.51 times depending on the treatment and mint variety. The most pronounced foliar application to total phenols content was tryptophane especially in Mentha piperita “Swiss”. Mentha piperita “Swiss” was affected most by foliar application and the amount of total phenolic acids depending on the treatment ranged from 159.25 to 664.03 mg 100 g−1 (DW), respectively, non-sprayed and sprayed with tryptophane 100 mg L−1. Our results suggest that the biophenol content varies according to such factors as foliar application and variety, and every single mint variety has individual response to different applications of amino acids.

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Pruning intensity and amino acids tryptophan and glycine on growth and flowering of Jasminum sambac

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v27i1.2231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Ziyad Khalf Salih ◽

Seyedeh Somayyeh Shafiei Masouleh ◽

Mohamed Abdulla Ahmed ◽

Marwan Abdulla Sanam

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Ground Level ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Reproductive Growth ◽

Above Ground Level ◽

Evergreen Shrub ◽

Jasminum Sambac ◽

Pruning Intensity

Abstract Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) is an evergreen shrub and very fragrant, which has a very importance in the perfume industry and its flowers are used in different religious and ceremonies. Training the shrubs for more yields of flowers and essential oil with horticultural improvement effects of pruning and amino acids may help gardeners to achieve more benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pruning intensity (without pruning, 40, 60 or 75 cm above ground level) and foliar application of amino acids (without amino acids, tryptophan or glycine) on jasmine shrubs for promoting growth and reproductive growth and the content of essential oil. The results showed that plants with light pruning (75 cm) and foliar application of amino acids especially glycine had the best growth and yield, which means that plants were affected by the interactions of pruning level and application of amino acids.

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Response of Onion Crop to Foliar Application by Amino Acids, Yeast extract and Boron in Upper Egypt

Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.21608/ajas.2019.33496 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 149-159

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Upper Egypt

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Some biochemical effects of triamcinolone acetonide on rat liver and muscle

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1160349 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 349-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R. F. Peters ◽

M. C. Richardson ◽

Margaret Small ◽

A. M. White

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽

Time Course ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Specific Radioactivity ◽

Synthetic Activity ◽

Tissue Homogenate ◽

Glycogen Concentration

1. The powerful anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide, administered to rats at 20 and 2.5mg/kg, leads to a decrease in the incorporation in vivo of [3H]uridine and [32P]orthophosphate into hind-limb skeletal muscle. 2. At the higher dose, this decrease in the rate of incorporation of precursors into RNA precedes a decrease in the incorporating ability of muscle ribosomes, which commences about 4–5h after drug administration, but is unaccompanied by any changes in the concentration of tissue ATP or free amino acids. 3. The ribosomal dysfunction extends to polyribosomes, which can only be successfully isolated from the muscle of triamcinolone-treated animals after the addition of α-amylase to the tissue homogenate to remove glycogen. 4. The specific radioactivity of muscle protein labelled in vivo with 14C-labelled amino acids does not decrease progressively after triamcinolone administration. After 2h there is an apparent stimulation of incorporation which leads to an overall discrepancy between measurements of protein-synthetic activity made in vivo and in vitro. 5. There is a significant increase in muscle-glycogen concentration between 8 and 12h after the administration of triamcinolone acetonide (20mg/kg), although a significant decrease occurs after 4h. The fall in glycogen concentration may be due to a decrease in the rate of synthesis of protein essential for glucose uptake into the tissues. 6. As judged by (a) incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into protein, (b) [3H]uridine and [32P]-orthophosphate incorporation into RNA, (c) the rate of induction of tryptophan pyrrolase and (d) changes in the pool sizes of taurine and tryptophan, the responses in liver followed the same time-course as those in muscle after administration of the drug.

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Spatial Stable Isotopic Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture: Pulse-Chase Labeling of Three-Dimensional Multicellular Spheroids for Global Proteome Analysis

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03461 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole C. Beller ◽

Jessica K. Lukowski ◽

Katelyn R. Ludwig ◽

Amanda B. Hummon

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Isotopic Labeling ◽

Multicellular Spheroids ◽

Stable Isotopic

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Anaerobiosis: A Possible Source of Osmotic Solute for High-salinity Acclimation in Marine Molluscs

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.62.3.589 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 589-598

Author(s):

RICHARD M. BAGINSKI ◽

SIDNEY K. PIERCE

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Free Amino ◽

Time Course ◽

High Salinity ◽

Gulf Coast ◽

Total Amino Acid ◽

Salinity Acclimation ◽

Rapid Accumulation

1. When stressed with high-salinity exposure, cell volume is restored in ventricles of Modiolus demissus demissus by a rapid accumulation of intracellular free amino acids. 2. Although the total amino acid pool increases and remains at a constant high level thereafter, the pattern and time course of accumulation is different for each major amino acid (glycine, alanine, taurine, and proline). 3. Initially, cell volume is restored by a rapid accumulation of alanine, but later its concentration decreases while glycine and taurine accumulate. Although at first not detected, the proline concentration increases, peaks and subsequently disappears again. 4. Isolated ventricles recover normal activity after large environmental salinity increases. 5. During recovery the intracellular free amino acid changes in isolated ventricles are similar to the initial pattern of accumulation in whole animals, i.e., alanine, and to a lesser extent, proline and glycine accumulate. 6. Finally, isolated ventricles undergo a period of decreased oxygen consumption on exposure to an increased salinity. 7. These results suggest that the initial stages of high-salinity acclimation in molluscs depends upon the synthesis of amino acids via a known anaerobic biochemical pathway. Note: Contribution No. 33 from the Tallahassee, Sopchoppy and Gulf Coast Marine Biological Association.

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