Growth of Cucumber Scions, Rootstocks, and Grafted Seedlings as Affected by Different Irrigation Regimes during Cultivation of ‘Joenbaekdadagi’ and ‘Heukjong’ Seedlings in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting

Irrigation scheduling and programming are very effective tools for efficient water use in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL). In order to confirm optimal irrigation schemes for the production of cucumber scions and rootstocks in a PFAL, in this study, four different start points of irrigation were applied by measuring the weight of the plug tray to compare the growth of cucumber scions and rootstocks cultivated in a PFAL. Additionally, the growth characteristics of cucumber seedlings grafted with scions and rootstocks cultivated between in a greenhouse and in a PFAL were investigated. Although the growth of cucumber scions and rootstocks was highest when irrigation was conducted at 70% of water content in a medium, the growth of grafted cucumber seedlings before and after transplanting was not significantly different among the irrigation treatments in a PFAL. However, water use efficiency (WUE) during cucumber scions and rootstock production in a PFAL was higher at 60% than at 70%. Considering seedling growth and the efficiency of irrigation such as WUE and irrigation schedule, the optimal start point of irrigation during the production of cucumber scions and rootstocks in a PFAL was determined as 60% of water content in a medium. When the optimal irrigation regime was applied to the production of cucumber scions and rootstocks in a PFAL, the morphological characteristics of cucumber scions and rootstocks cultivated in a PFAL were more suitable for grafting compared with that of the cucumber scions and rootstocks cultivated conventionally in a greenhouse. The favorable environmental conditions during the cultivation of cucumber scions and rootstocks in a PFAL also positively affected the flowering response of cucumber grafted seedlings after transplanting.

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Evapotranspiration Measurement and Irrigation Scheduling for Several Tropical Fruit Crops Using the EnviroScan System

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.549f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 549f-550

Author(s):

Mongi Zekri ◽

Bruce Schaffer ◽

Stephen K. O'Hair ◽

Roberto Nunez-Elisea ◽

Jonathan H. Crane

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

National Parks ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Management Tool ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Tropical Fruit

In southern Florida, most tropical fruit crops between Biscayne and Everglades National Parks are irrigated at rates and frequencies based on experience and observations of tree growth and fruit yield rather than on reliable quantitative information of actual water use. This approach suggests that irrigation rates may be excessive and could lead to leaching of agricultural chemicals into the groundwater in this environmentally sensitive area. Therefore, a study is being conducted to increase water use efficiency and optimize irrigation by accurately scheduling irrigation using a very effective management tool (EnviroScan, Sentek Environmental Innovations, Pty., Kent, Australia) that continuously monitors soil water content with highly accurate capacitance multi-sensor probes installed at several depths within the soil profile. The system measures crop water use by monitoring soil water depletion rates and allows the maintenance of soil water content within the optimum range (below field capacity and well above the onset of plant water stress). The study is being conducted in growers' orchards with three tropical fruit crops (avocado, carambola, and `Tahiti' lime) to facilitate rapid adoption and utilization of research results.

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Mango Leaf Monitoring with Inductive and Capacitive Sensors and Its Comparison with Trunk Dendrometer Measurements

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/engproc2021009028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Federico Hahn ◽

Juan Espinoza ◽

Ulises Zacarías

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Hall Effect ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Water Usage ◽

Warm Weather ◽

Hall Sensors

Mango is one of the main fruits grown in Mexico that are exported worldwide, but the trees consume a lot of water, and irrigation scheduling should be implemented to optimize water use. Dendrometers were installed in fruit trees to optimize water usage during 2019 and 2020. A capacitor with Teflon clamps pressurized the leaf, and its dielectric changed with leaf water content. Additionally, Hall sensors were installed in leaves to study the effect of water during mango production. It was found that capacitance tend to be more sensitive than magnetic field monitoring. Higher changes were noted during midday with warm weather. Thresholds from the capacitance and Hall effect sensors can provide signals for irrigation scheduling.

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Periodic Versus Real-time Adjustment of a Leaching Fraction-based Microirrigation Schedule for Container-grown Plants

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14402-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeff B. Million ◽

Thomas H. Yeager

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Real Time ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Leaching Fraction ◽

Reduced Water ◽

Irrigation Practices

Two experiments were conducted to determine if a leaching fraction (LF)-guided irrigation practice with fixed irrigation run times between LF tests (LF_FX) could be improved by making additional adjustments to irrigation run times based on real-time weather information, including rain, using an evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling program for container production (LF_ET). The effect of the two irrigation practices on plant growth and water use was tested at three target LF values (10%, 20%, and 40%). For both Viburnum odoratissimum (Expt. 1) and Podocarpus macrophyllus (Expt. 2) grown in 36-cm-diameter containers with spray-stake microirrigation, the change in plant size was unaffected by irrigation treatments. LF_ET reduced water use by 10% compared with LF_FX in Expt. 2 but had no effect (P < 0.05) on water use in Expt. 1. Decreasing the target LF from 40% to 20% reduced water use 28% in both experiments and this effect was similar for both irrigation practices. For the irrigation system and irrigation schedule used in these experiments, we concluded that an LF-guided irrigation schedule with a target LF of 10% resulted in plant growth similar to one with a target LF of 40% and that the addition of a real-time weather adjustment to irrigation run times provided little or no improvement in water conservation compared with a periodic adjustment based solely on LF testing.

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Crop Water Use and Irrigation Scheduling Guide for North Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss491-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Vivek Sharma ◽

Charles Barrett ◽

De Broughton ◽

Thomas Obreza

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Crop Water ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Crop Water Use ◽

Crop Water Demand ◽

Crop Growth Stages ◽

The Right

Effective irrigation scheduling enables the irrigator to apply the right amount of water at the right time to meet the crop water demand. This 19-page guide presents information on average daily and weekly crop water use and crop growth stages for twelve north Florida crops that can be used to help schedule irrigation. This will allow a grower to develop a realistic irrigation schedule that minimizes plant water stress, saves water, and reduces nutrient leaching potential. Written by Vivek Sharma, Charles Barrett, De Broughton, and Thomas Obreza, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, revised December 2020.

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Scheduling Irrigations for Carrots

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.6.641 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 641-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Gordon Kruse ◽

James E. Ells ◽

Ann E. McSay

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Root Zone ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

High Water ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Crop Coefficients

A 3-year irrigation scheduling study on carrots (Daucus carota L.) was conducted at the Colorado State Univ. Horticulture Research Center near Fort Collins to determine the irrigation schedule that produced the best combination of high water use efficiency and marketable yields with the least amount of water and fewest irrigations. This study used an irrigation scheduling program developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service with crop coefficients calculated for carrots. Maximum carrot production and water use efficiency were obtained when the scheduling program simulated a 30-cm rooting depth at planting, increasing linearly to 60 cm in 75 days. Best yields and water use efficiency were attained by irrigating whenever 40% of the available water in the root zone had been depleted. The computer program for irrigation scheduling is available on diskette from the authors.

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Profiles of Environmental Parameters in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting and Evaluation on Growth of Cucumber Seedlings

Journal of Bio-Environment Control ◽

10.12791/ksbec.2021.30.2.126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 126-132

Author(s):

Sewoong An ◽

Hye Jin Lee ◽

Ha Seon Sim ◽

Su Ran Ahn ◽

Sung Tae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Parameters ◽

Cucumber Seedlings ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Plant Factory

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Rapid selection of a representative monitoring location of soil water content for irrigation scheduling using surface moisture-density gauge

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2016-0022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 483-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ibrahim Mubarak ◽

Mussadak Janat ◽

Mohsen Makhlouf ◽

Altayeb Hamdan

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Time Stability ◽

Agricultural Water Management ◽

Surface Moisture ◽

Fine Soil ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Establishing a representative monitoring location of soil water content is important for agricultural water management. One of the challenges is to develop a field protocol for determining such a location with minimum costs. In this paper, we use the concept of time stability in soil water content to examine whether using a short term monitoring period is sufficient to identify a representative site of soil water content and, therefore, irrigation scheduling. Surface moisture-density gauge was used as a means for measuring soil water content. Variations of soil water content in space and time were studied using geostatistical tools. Measuring soil water content was made at 30 locations as nodes of a 6×8 m grid, six times during the growing season. A representative location for average soil water content estimation was allocated at the beginning of a season, and thereafter it was validated. Results indicated that the spatial pattern of soil water content was strongly temporally stable, explained by the relationship between soil water content and fine soil texture. Two field surveys of soil water content, conducted before and after the 1st irrigation, could be sufficient to allocate a representative location of soil water content, and for adequate irrigation scheduling of the whole field. Surface moisture-density gauge was found to be efficient for characterising time stability of soil water content under irrigated field conditions.

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Irrigation Strategies for Greenhouse Tomato Production on Rockwool

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.2.484 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 484-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Uttam K. Saha ◽

Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽

Xiuming Hao ◽

Shalin Khosla

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Root Growth ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Greenhouse Tomato

To address the concern that irrigation provides sufficient water to match the crop needs, while not impeding oxygen availability to the roots, we conducted an experiment to develop suitable irrigation schedule(s) for greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) on rockwool. The experimental treatments incorporated the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution in the rockwool slab (slab-EC) along with the water content (WC) in the rockwool slab (slab-WC) as the irrigation decision-making variables. They were: slab-WC ≤ 70% or slab-EC ≥ 1.4× normal or more (T1), slab-WC ≤ 70% or slab-EC ≥ 1.7× normal or more (T2), slab-WC ≤ 80% or slab-EC ≥ 1.4× normal or more (T3), slab-WC ≤ 80% or slab-EC ≥ 1.7× normal or more (T4), and the combined weight loss (WL) 700 g or more (T5) and WL 500 g or more (T6), in which “normal” means the feed solution EC as recommended in the seasonal fertigation schedule for a spring–summer tomato crop. The data on early-season marketable yield, total seasonal marketable yield, and fruit grades indicated the superiority of treatments T1, T2, and T6 over T3, T4, and T5. Better root growth was observed with T1, T2, and T6 and this was also associated with minimized nutrient solution leaching; furthermore, these plants had an abundance of coarse and fine roots, higher photosynthesis and transpiration, higher marketable yield, and a higher water use efficiency. Our results thus established that irrigation based on either a slab water content 70% or less or a 500-g weight loss is the best strategy for rockwool-grown greenhouse tomatoes in the spring–summer season. A variation in slab-EC between 1.4 and 1.7× normal, at a slab-WC of 70% or less, would have no significant effect on root growth, water use, marketable yield, or fruit grades.

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WATER STRESS EFFECT ON WHEAT AT DIFFERENT MECHANICAL SEEDING SYSTEMS

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.46909/cerce-2019-0021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 207-219

Author(s):

Rokon Zaman

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Stress Effect ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Strip Tillage

Judicial water use, as well as improving water use efficiency in agriculture is new challenge. Conservation tillage, as well as mechanical seeding system, offers various benefits over intensive tillage system. Considering this, the study was conducted to find out the water requirements and appropriate deficit irrigation schedule of wheat on different seeding system. This study consisted of following irrigation treatments, like I1 = Irrigation at CRI stage, I2 = Irrigation at CRI and vegetative stages, I3 = Irrigation at CRI and grain filling stages and I4 = Irrigation at CRI, vegetative and grain filling stages on four mechanical seeding methods, like T1 = Bed planting, T2 = PTOS, T3 = Strip tillage, and T4 = Zero tillage and laid out in a split plot design with three replications. From the result based on the grain yield and water productivity, bed planting (T1) and three levels of irrigation (I4) was found as the best combination for wheat cultivation. Besides, at water scarcity area bed planting (T1), with two irrigation I2 (CRI and vegetative) was the suitable reduce irrigation scheduling for wheat cultivation. In different seeding methods, bed planting was increased yield about 10.58%, followed by PTOS and yield was identical in PTOS and ST. Comparatively, lowest yield was observed in zero. In irrigation treatment, three irrigations (I4) was observed, the best scheduling for wheat on all seeding system and yield was increased 11.98% in I4, followed by I2 and lowest yield was found in I1. The result also revealed that the soil moisture contribution was decreased with increased applied water, as well as number of irrigation.

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IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

International Conference on Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/ictte.2019.05.052 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 307-313

Author(s):

Rumiana Kireva ◽

Roumen Gadjev

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Water Source ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Irrigation Technology ◽

Irrigation Technologies ◽

Pressure Flows ◽

Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

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