Germination of Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) under Shrimp Culture Effluents and the Application of Vermicompost Leachate for Mitigating Salt Stress

Attenuators of salt-stress favor the use of effluents, being a low-cost organic product. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of vermicompost leachate (VL) added to shrimp-culture effluent on seeds and seedlings of Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) under salt-stress, evaluating germination, water relations variables, and biomass. Seeds were irrigated with distilled water (DW) (CE: 0.0027 dS m−1), freshwater (FW) (CE: 1.36 dS m−1), seawater (SW) (CE: 55.83 dS m−1), shrimp residual water (SRW) (CE: 59.85 dS m−1), and with the same water sources but adding VL in 1:20 v/v. The means for the index of germination rate (IGR), germination energy (GE), and germination time (MGT) were higher with DW, DWVL, FW, and FWVL, decreasing with the others (p ≤ 0.05). In seedlings, the lowest water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψs) were observed with SW, SWVL, SRW, and SRWVL (p ≤ 0.05), evidencing higher stress but the highest relative water content (RWC). The fresh and dry biomass increased and showed significant differences with SRW, and adding VL (DWVL, FWVL, SWVL, and SRWVL) acted as an effective attenuator of salt-stress. The response of water relations variables suggested an osmotic adjustment for mitigating the salt-stress in seedlings, lowering the Ψw and Ψs but increasing the RWC.

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Alleviation of salt stress using gibberellic acid in Chinese cabbage

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.60.2012.4.5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Jamil ◽

M. Ashraf ◽

E. Rha

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Membrane Injury

Salinity reduces plant growth and yield by affecting morphological and physiological processes. To alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress various approaches involving plant hormones are used. In this study several parameters involving the measurement of cell membrane injury were used to observe whether stress tolerance could be enhanced in Chinese cabbage (B. oleracea capitata L. Chinensis group) by soaking the seeds for 10 h in distilled water (control), or in 100, 150 or 200 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The NaCl concentrations were 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM. Seed treated with GA3 showed increased water uptake and decreased electrolyte leakage as compared to that of distilled water-primed seeds even 24 h after soaking under control conditions. Seed priming with GA3 increased the final germination and the germination rate (1/t50, where t50 is the time to 50% germination) under salt stress conditions. Seed priming also alleviated the harmful effect of salt stress on cabbage in terms of fresh and dry weights. Leaf area was higher in plants raised from seeds primed with the higher GA3 concentrations as compared with those raised from seeds treated with distilled water under control conditions (without NaCl) or at 50 mM NaCl stress. The chlorophyll content increased with the NaCl concentration, especially in plants grown from seeds primed with GA3. Plants grown from GA3-primed seeds also suffered lower cellular injury both under control conditions and under NaCl stress.

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Diversity of Salt Tolerance During Germination in Medicago ciliaris (L.) and Medicago polymorpha (L.)

Atlas Journal of Plant Biology ◽

10.5147/ajpb.v1i1.83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Chérifi Khalil ◽

ElHoussein Boufous ◽

Abdelhamid El Mousadik

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Tunisian Population ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Medicago Polymorpha ◽

Medicago Ciliaris ◽

Specific Variation ◽

Annual Medicago ◽

Medicago Species

Variability of salt tolerance in eight wild populations of two annual Medicago species (Medicago ciliaris and Medicago polymorpha) was evaluated at germination stage using tree treatments of salinity: 50, 100 and 150 mM of NaCl. Results showed that germination is clearly affected by high salt stress; their germination rate doesn’t exceed 7% at 150 mM. The greatest variability in tolerance was observed at moderate salt stress (50 mM of NaCl) and the decrease in germination seems to be more accentuated in Medicago polymorpha than Medicago ciliaris. Whereas, the Tunisian population of Medicago ciliaris was the best tolerant in all ecotypes studied in this work. This population prospected on soils affected by salinity, exhibits a particular adaptability to salt environment, at least at this stage in the life cycle. This intra-specific variation in salt tolerance may be used to select genotypes particularly suitable for cultivation on lands relatively affected by salinity. On the other hand, when ungerminated seeds from NaCl treatments were transferred to distilled water, they recovered largely their germination at all the populations studied after only 2 days. This, indicate that the germination inhibition was related to osmotic stress rather than ion toxicity. In addition, seed germination in all populations tended to be extremely rapid than that observed in distilled water which indicate that this pretreatment raises dormancy.

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Salinity induced changes in water relations, oxidative damage and morpho-physiological adaptations of pistachio genotypes in soilless culture

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 291 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zahra Mirfattahi ◽

Soheil Karimi ◽

Mahmoud Reza Roozban

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Water Relations ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Cell Membrane Stability ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Succulence

Selecting salt tolerant rootstocks is a sustainable approach for developing fruit trees in salinity prone areas. 60-day-old seedlings of Pistacia vera ‘Akbari’ and ‘Ghazvini’, and P. vera ‘Ghazvini’ × P. atlantica (G×A) were subjected to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl in half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. After 45 days, the growth, water relations, and oxidative damage parameters were investigated. Salt stress reduced plant biomass, height, crown diameter and leaf number, but increased specific leaf area (SLA) of the seedlings. Under salt stress, the growth of ‘Akbari’ seedlings was higher than the other genotypes. Accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was observed in the leaves of salt affected seedlings. ‘Ghazvini’ seedlings had the highest MDA concentration and the lowest cell membrane stability in their leaves. Degredation of photosynthetic pigments under salt stress was lower in the leaves of ‘Akbari’ seedlings than that in other genotypes. Increase in leaf succulence was observed in ‘Akbari’ and G×A seedlings in response to salt stress. Relative water content and concentration of anthocyanins in the leaves of pistachio genotypes remained unchanged under salt stress. The results revealed that monitoring leaf abscission, SLA, leaf succulence, MDA concentration, and photosynthetic pigments provide suitable contrast for screening salt tolerance in pistachio. Furthuremore, ‘Akbari’ was found to be the most salt tolerant genotype.

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Relações Hídricas e Produção de Pigmentos Fostossinteticos em Mudas de Eugenia Uniflora l. Sob Condições de Salinidade (Water Relations and Production of Pigments in Seedlings Photosynthetic Eugenia Uniflora l. Under Salinity Conditions)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232729 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Rayana Pires Marques ◽

Clarissa Soares Freire ◽

Hugo Henrique Costa do Nascimento ◽

Rejane Jurema Mansur Custósio Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Relations ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Evaporative Demand ◽

Eugenia Uniflora ◽

Relative Water ◽

Physiological Analysis

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar os efeitos da salinidade nas relacoes hidricas e teor de pigmentos fotossintetizantes em mudas de pitangueira. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um experimento em casa de vegetacao do Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, pertencente ao Departamento de Biologia da UFRPE, no periodo de dezembro de 2010 a abril de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos salinos: 0 (controle), 30, 60 e 90 mM de NaCl, e com cinco repeticoes por tratamento. Aos 35 e 95 DAD (dias apos diferenciacao) decorreram as analises fisiologicas. Foram mensurados o potencial hidrico foliar e o teor relativo de agua em dois horarios: antemanha (4h) e meiodia (12h) e os pigmentos fotossintetizantes. A alta demanda evaporativa (12 horas) ocasionou reducoes significativas para o potencial hidrico foliar e teor relativo de agua na pitangueira. Nestes horarios tambem ocorreram diferencas nos pigmentos, entre os niveis de salinidade estudados. Os resultados indicam que a imposicao da salinidade propiciou reducoes no status hidrico das plantas. Em relacao aos pigmentos fotossinteticos, o estresse em curto prazo gerou sua diminuicao, porem em longo prazo, gerou aumento dos mesmos. A variavel fotossintetica estudada mais afetada foram os carotenoides. Palavras-chave: Potencial Hidrico Foliar, Teor Relativo de Agua, estresse salino, pigmentos fotossinteticos Water Relations and Production of Pigments in Seedlings Photosynthetic Eugenia Uniflora l. Under Salinity Conditions ABSTRACT This research had as objective evaluate the effects of salinity in the hydric relations and photosynthetic pigments amount in Eugenia uniflora L.. A experiment was developed in the greenhouse of the Laboratory of Vegetal Phisiology, UFRPE, Brazil, between December 2010 and April 2011. The experimental was designed with four treatments: 0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl with five repetitions each treatment. At 35 and 95 days of experiment physiological analysis were performed. It was measured the leaf hydric potential and the relative water content, at two different moments: pre-morning, AND MID DAY and the photosynthetic pigments. The high evaporative demand (mid day) caused significant reductions in the leaf hydric potential and relative water content in the E. uniflora. At the referred times it was also possible to observe differences in the photosynthetic pigments between the levels of stressing. Results indicate that the imposition of high salinity reduced the hydric status of the subjects. Relating to the photosynthetic pigments the short-term salt stress caused a reduction that was overcome in the long-term stressing. The most affected pigment studied were the carotenoids. Keywords: Leaf hydric potential, relative water content, salt stress, photosynthetic pigments

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Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2018-0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 51-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.K. Hasan ◽

M.S. Islam ◽

M.R. Islam ◽

H.N. Ismaan ◽

A. El Sabagh

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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Extracts of Emmer Wheatgrass Grown with Distilled Water, Salinity or Selenium Differently Affect Germination and Cytosolic Ca2+ of Maize Pollen

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 633

Author(s):

Alberto Marco Del Pino ◽

Beatrice Falcinelli ◽

Roberto D’Amato ◽

Daniela Businelli ◽

Paolo Benincasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Biological Response ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Agonist Activity ◽

Maize Pollen

In this work, the biological activity of emmer (Triticum turgidum L. spp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Shubler) Thell.) wheatgrass extracts obtained from grains sprouted with distilled water, or salinity (50 mM) or selenium (45 mg L−1 of Na2SeO3), was tested through an experimental biological model based on the germination and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis of maize pollen grains. The effects of thapsigargin (TG) and of four phenolic acids (PAs: ferulic, coumaric, salicylic and 3-HO benzoic) on maize pollen were also tested as controls. Wheatgrass extracts influenced both pollen cytosolic Ca2+ and germination. The Ca2+ agonist activity of emmer wheatgrass was transient, different from that of TG, which caused a depletion of the stored Ca2+ and a permanent alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis. The results obtained with extracts compared to those obtained with pure PAs suggest that PAs in unconjugated forms, which are known to be well represent in emmer wheatgrass, contribute to the biological activity of extracts. The extent of the biological response of emmer wheatgrass extracts was influenced by emmer sprouting conditions (i.e., distilled water, or salinity or selenium). Maize pollen treated with Se-enriched wheatgrass extracts showed a less perturbed cytosolic Ca2+ and a higher germination rate.

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Using seed respiration as a tool for calculating optimal soaking times for ‘on-farm’ seed priming of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258521000039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Javier Carrillo-Reche ◽

Adrian C. Newton ◽

Richard S. Quilliam

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Embryonic Axes ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Soaking Time ◽

On Farm ◽

Seed Respiration

Abstract A low-cost technique named ‘on-farm’ seed priming is increasingly being recognized as an effective approach to maximize crop establishment. It consists of anaerobically soaking seeds in water before sowing resulting in rapid and uniform germination, and enhanced seedling vigour. The extent of these benefits depends on the soaking time. The current determination of optimal soaking time by germination assays and mini-plot trials is resource-intensive, as it is species/genotype-specific. This study aimed to determine the potential of the seed respiration rate (an indicator of metabolic activity) and seed morphological changes during barley priming as predictors of the priming benefits and, thus, facilitate the determination of optimal soaking times. A series of germination tests revealed that the germination rate is mostly attributable to the rapid hydration of embryo tissues, as the highest gains in the germination rate occurred before the resumption of respiration. Germination uniformity, however, was not significantly improved until seeds were primed for at least 8 h, that is, after a first respiration burst was initiated. The maximum seedling vigour was attained when the priming was stopped just before the beginning of the differentiation of embryonic axes (20 h) after which vigour began to decrease (‘over-priming’). The onset of embryonic axis elongation was preceded by a second respiration burst, which can be used as a marker for priming optimization. Thus, monitoring of seed respiration provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to the current practice. The method could be carried out by agricultural institutions to provide recommended optimal soaking times for the common barley varieties within a specific region.

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Effects of Different Priming Treatments on Seed Germination Properties, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4319832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Faruk TOKLU

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Yield Component ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Positive Effects

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil.

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Endogenous Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Relation to Germination of Osmoprimed Brassica napus Seeds under Salt Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23010349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Katarzyna Lechowska ◽

Łukasz Wojtyla ◽

Muriel Quinet ◽

Szymon Kubala ◽

Stanley Lutts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Low Cost ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Arginine Decarboxylase ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Polyamine Metabolism ◽

Growth State ◽

Early Seedling

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. This paper examined the effect of osmopriming on endogenous polyamine metabolism at the germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus in relation to salinity tolerance. Free, conjugated and bound polyamines were analyzed, and changes in their accumulation were discussed with literature data. The most remarkable differences between the corresponding osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were visible in the free (spermine) and conjugated (putrescine, spermidine) fractions. The arginine decarboxylase pathway seems to be responsible for the accumulation of PAs in primed seeds. The obvious impact of seed priming on tyramine accumulation was also demonstrated. Moreover, the level of ethylene increased considerably in seedlings issued from primed seeds exposed to salt stress. It can be concluded that the polyamines are involved in creating the beneficial effect of osmopriming on germination and early growth of Brassica napus seedlings under saline conditions through moderate changes in their biosynthesis and accumulation.

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The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245505

Author(s):

Xiaofei Chen ◽

Ruidong Zhang ◽

Yifan Xing ◽

Bing Jiang ◽

Bang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Future Research ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

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