scholarly journals Effect of Asynchronous Light and Temperature Fluctuations on Plant Traits in Indoor Growth Facilities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Camilo Chiang ◽  
Daniel Bånkestad ◽  
Günter Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations

Several studies have recommended the incorporation of environmental fluctuations in indoor experiments if closer-to-natural results in plant experiments are desired. Previous authors have suggested that if these fluctuations are not applied in synchrony, a stress effect could be present since plants have evolved to cope with synchronic environmental fluctuations. This study aimed to identify the effect of disparity in fluctuations of two important environmental variables, light quantity and temperature, on the growth of seven plant species from different functional plant types. A full-factorial combination of light and temperature under fixed or variable conditions was applied in phytotrons, and plant performance under these conditions was compared with a previous field trial. In all phytotron treatments, the average light and temperature conditions were the same as in the initial field trial. Productivity, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigmentation, and other leaf traits were recorded in all species at the end of the experiments. Most plant trait responses were highly dependent on species and treatment, but some general trends were observed. Light fluctuations were mainly responsible for increases in specific leaf area (SLA) and chlorophyll a concentration, as well as for reductions in total dry weight and chlorophyll a/b ratio, independent if in combination with fluctuation or fixed temperatures. When fixed light conditions were combined with variable temperatures, the plants showed on average lower Fv/Fm values, Amax, and CO2 yield, while under variable light conditions and fixed temperatures, Fv/Fm increased compared with fully fixed or variable conditions. Although significant differences of plant traits between the field trial and all phytotron treatments were present (likely due to differences in other parameters that were not controlled in the phytotrons), our results still suggest that a synchronous variation of environmental factors lead to a more natural-like plant growth than if these factors are fixed or vary asynchronously.

scholarly journals Effect of planting time and supplemental irradiation on growth and flowering of Lachenalia ‘Romaud’ 

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Anna Kapczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Pot Plant

Growth and flowering of lachenalia ‘Romaud’ was studied with reference to its commercial potential as pot plant and the need to obtain flowering plants at a specific time. The experiment was carried out in a heated glasshouse. Lachenalia bulbs were planted in November, December, January and February. The plants were exposed to two lighting regimes, natural lighting and natural lighting with supplemental irradiation (HPS lamps). The later the planting date was, the faster the bulbs flowered, and they produced thicker inflorescence stems with greater number of florets. Depending on the bulb planting date and light conditions, the plants flowered from February to May. The leaves obtained from the bulbs planted in November and December were longer than those produced by the bulbs planted in January and February. Compared with control, supplemental irradiation accelerated flowering by 10–13  days and positively affected plant features by promoting the growth of thicker inflorescence stems with more abundant and longer florets. The leaves of irradiated bulbs were shorter (apart from the bulbs planted in February) and were characterised by a higher content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids as compared with control. Plants grown under HPS light also had the higher dry weight of bulbs, leaves and stems.

scholarly journals Reaching Natural Growth: Light Quality Effects on Plant Performance in Indoor Growth Facilities

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Camilo Chiang ◽  
Daniel Bånkestad ◽  
Günter Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Species Specific

To transfer experimental findings in plant research to natural ecosystems it is imperative to reach near to natural-like plant performance. Previous studies propose differences in temperature and light quantity as main sources of deviations between indoor and outdoor plant growth. With increasing implementation of light emitting diodes (LED) in plant growth facilities, light quality is yet another factor that can be optimised to prevent unnatural plant performance. We investigated the effects of different wavelength combinations in phytotrons (i.e., indoor growth chambers) on plant growth and physiology in seven different plant species from different plant functional types (herbs, grasses and trees). The results from these experiments were compared against a previous field trial with the same set of species. While different proportions of blue (B) and red (R) light were applied in the phytotrons, the mean environmental conditions (photoperiod, total radiation, red to far red ratio and day/night temperature and air humidity) from the field trial were used in the phytotrons in order to assess which wavelength combinations result in the most natural-like plant performance. Different plant traits and physiological parameters, including biomass productivity, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf pigmentation, photosynthesis under a standardised light, and the respective growing light and chlorophyll fluorescence, were measured at the end of each treatment. The exposure to different B percentages induced species-specific dose response reactions for most of the analysed parameters. Compared with intermediate B light treatments (25 and/or 35% B light), extreme R or B light enriched treatments (6% and 62% of B respectively) significantly affected the height, biomass, biomass allocation, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis parameters, differently among species. Principal component analyses (PCA) confirmed that 6% and 62% B light quality combinations induce more extreme plant performance in most cases, indicating that light quality needs to be adjusted to mitigate unnatural plant responses under indoor conditions.

scholarly journals Selection for salinity tolerance in an international rice collection at vegetative stage

2019 ◽  
pp. 837-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Nayyeripasand ◽  
Ghasem Ali Garosi ◽  
Asadollah Ahmadikhah
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Water and soil salinity as the main abiotic stresses decrease crop yield and restrict the use of agricultural lands. In order to assess salt stress effect on seedling growth of rice and to select more tolerant rice genotypes, a factorial experiment was performed at two levels of NaCl namely non-stress (EC 1.2 dS m−1) and salt-stress (EC 10 dS m−1) in hydroponics with an international rice collection consisted of 155 varieties. Seven stress tolerance indices including STI, SSI, HM, RDI, SSPI, ATI and TOL were used to identify salt tolerant genotypes. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of genotypes (G), Salt treatment (T) and G×T interaction were significant for all investigated traits (except for the effect of genotypes on shoot length). Under salt stress most genotypes showed similar trend of salt response, i.e. reduction in all traits. The results also revealed that dry weight (DW) was less affected than fresh weight (FW), and the shoot weight (SW) was affected more than the root weight (RW), indicating that shoot growth is more sensitive than root growth to salt stress. The Na+, K+ and Na+:K+ ratio were increased more than 713%, reduced 22% and increased more than 996% under salt stress, respectively. Four stress tolerance indices including MP, HM, GMP and STI showed highest correlation with each other and also with plant performance (Z-scores) under both normal and stress conditions; thus each of these indices can be used as the suitable indicators for screening salt tolerant genotypes. Based on the results, genotypes #84, #30 and #48 showed the highest performance and STI under salinity condition, so they have considerable potential to improve salt tolerance in rice breeding programs. In addition, genotypes #178, #198 and #6 with the lowest values of STI were found to be intolerant genotypes to salt stress.

scholarly journals Drench Application of Fish-derived Protein Hydrolysates Affects Lettuce Growth, Chlorophyll Content, and Gas Exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenping Xu ◽  
Beiquan Mou
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are an important group of plant biostimulants that have received increasing attention in recent years because of their positive effects on crop performance and contribution to agroecological sustainability. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of fish-derived PHs on growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, and leaf gas exchange of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in a growth chamber. Fish-derived PHs were drench applied (300 mL of 3 mL·L−1) three times at 0, 14, and 24 days after transplanting (DAT), and lettuce were evaluated 30 DAT. Application of PHs significantly increased the lettuce leaf number per plant from 22 to 28, stem diameter from 1.37 to 1.68 cm, shoot fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) from 59 to 89 g and 5.5 to 7.7 g, and root dry weight from 0.52 to 0.80 g. It also significantly increased the leaf relative water content (RWC) from 87% to 90% and succulence from 267 to 288 g·m−2 water, but had no effect on specific leaf area (SLA). PHs significantly enhanced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate although they did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence. Our study indicated that plant biostimulants and fertilizer PHs improved plant performance and might have potential to be used for sustainable production of lettuce.

PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN TARI LENGGOK MAK INANG MELALUI MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS E-LEARNING

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ronni Lirahman ◽  
Yusnizar Heniwaty Heniwaty
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT This research produced a product of the development of Lenggok Mak Inang dance learning through interactive multimedia which included appreciation learning material (Basic Competence 3) and expression (Basic Competence 4) in class X of SMK / SMA. The appreciation material contains the definition of dance, accompaniment music, clothing, patterns, while the expression material contains terms, variety and arrangement of motion in the Lenggok Mak Inang dance. From the test media experts got a score of 4,42 (Very Good), media experts got a score of 4 (Good), user trials which included an initial field trial of 4,08 (Good), main field trial 4,22 ( Very Good) and an operational field trial of 4,53 (Very Good). The results obtained indicate that the development of interactive multimedia learning Lenggok Mak Inang dance is very feasible to use or be used as a learning media for dance.                                                                                    Keywords: Interactive Multimedia, E-Learning, Lenggok Mak Inang Dance.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menghasilkan produk pengembangan pembelajaran tari Lenggok Mak Inang melalui multimedia interaktif yang didalamnya terdapat materi pembelajaran apresiasi (Kompetensi Dasar 3) dan ekspresi (Kompetensi Dasar 4) kelas X SMK/SMA. Materi apresiasi berisikan definisi tari, musik pengiring, busana, pola/ garis, sedangkan materi ekspresi berisikan istilah, ragam dan susunan gerak pada tari Lenggok Mak Inang. Dari uji ahli media mendapatkan skor 4,42 (Sangat Baik), ahli media mendapatkan skor 4 (Baik), uji coba pengguna yang meliputi uji coba lapangan awal 4,08 (Baik), uji coba lapangan utama 4,22 (Sangat Baik) dan uji coba lapangan operasional 4,53 (Sangat Baik). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan multimedia interaktif pembelajaran tari Lenggok Mak Inang ini Sangat Layak digunakan atau dijadikan media pembelajaran tari. Kata kunci: Multimedia Interaktif, E-Learning, Tari Lenggok Mak Inang.

scholarly journals Shading Effects on Leaf Gas Exchange, Leaf Pigments and Secondary Metabolites of Polygonum minus Huds., an Aromatic Medicinal Herb

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Fairuz Fatini Mohd Yusof ◽  
Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob ◽  
Normaniza Osman ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Polygonum Minus

The growing demand for high value aromatic herb Polygonum minus-based products have increased in recent years, for its antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Although few reports have indicated the chemical profiles and antioxidative effects of Polygonum minus, no study has been conducted to assess the benefits of micro-environmental manipulation (different shading levels) on the growth, leaf gas exchange and secondary metabolites in Polygonum minus. Therefore, two shading levels (50%:T2 and 70%:T3) and one absolute control (0%:T1) were studied under eight weeks and 16 weeks of exposures on Polygonum minus after two weeks. It was found that P. minus under T2 obtained the highest photosynthesis rate (14.892 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), followed by T3 = T1. The increase in photosynthesis rate was contributed by the enhancement of the leaf pigments content (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). This was shown by the positive significant correlations observed between photosynthesis rate with chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.536; p ≤ 0.05) and chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.540; p ≤ 0.05). As the shading levels and time interval increased, the production of total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant properties of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) also increased. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also significantly enhanced under T2 and T3. The current study suggested that P.minus induce the production of more leaf pigments and secondary metabolites as their special adaptation mechanism under low light condition. Although the biomass was affected under low light, the purpose of conducting the study to boost the bioactive properties in Polygonum minus has been fulfilled by 50% shading under 16 weeks’ exposure.

Mapping QTLs for yield components and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in wheat under three levels of water availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza ◽  
Izabela Marcińska ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Małgorzata Chrupek ◽  
Stanisław Grzesiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters

Drought is one of the major factors limiting wheat yield in many developing countries worldwide. Parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics under drought stress conditions have been used to characterize dehydration tolerance in wheat. In the present study, a set of 94 doubled haploid lines obtained from Chinese Spring × SQ1 (CSDH), mapped with 450 markers, was evaluated for yield (grain dry weight/main stem ear), number of grains/main stem ear (NG) and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (FC) under moderate and severe drought stress, and compared with results for well-watered plants. quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using Windows QTLCartographer version 2.5 software and the results were analysed using single-marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM). Analysis using SMA and CIM showed mostly similar QTLs for all traits, though more QTLs were identified by SMA than by CIM. The genetic control of yield, NG and FC varied considerably between drought-stressed and non-stressed plants. Although no major QTL co-locations were found for yield and FC using CIM, the co-location of QTLs for NG, yield and Fv/Fm in drought-stressed plants was observed on chromosome 5A using SMA.

Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in soybean leaves infected by Phakopsora pachyrhizi

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Souza Rios ◽  
Jonas Alberto Rios ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Aucique-Pérez ◽  
Patrícia Ricardino Silveira ◽  
Aline Vieira Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Soybean Leaves

scholarly journals Horticultural Characteristics and Susceptibility of Table Beet Cultivars to Cercospora Leaf Spot in New York

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
Niloofar Vaghefi ◽  
Julie R. Kikkert
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Progress

Table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) production in New York is increasing for direct sale, use in value-added products, or processing. One of the most important diseases affecting table beet is cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS causes lesions on leaves that coalesce and leads to premature defoliation. The presence of CLS may cause buyer rejection at fresh markets. Defoliation from CLS may also result in crop loss because of the inability to harvest with top-pulling machinery. The susceptibility of popular table beet cultivars (Boldor, Detroit, Falcon, Merlin, Rhonda, Ruby Queen, and Touchstone Gold) to CLS was tested using C. beticola isolates representative of the New York population. Two trials were conducted by inoculating 6-week-old plants in the misting chamber. A small-plot replicated field trial was also conducted to examine horticultural characteristics of the cultivars. In the misting chamber trials, disease progress measured by the area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS) was not significantly different between the red cultivars, Detroit and Ruby Queen, and was significantly higher in ‘Boldor’ than the other yellow cultivar Touchstone Gold. In the field trial, the number of CLS lesions per leaf at the final disease assessment and AUDPS were significantly lower in cultivar Ruby Queen than others and not significantly different between the yellow cultivars. The dry weight of roots was not significantly different among cultivars at first harvest (77 days after planting). At 112 days after planting, the dry weight of roots was significantly higher in cultivar Detroit than Rhonda and Boldor. Leaf blade length and the length:width ratio were cultivar-dependent, which may facilitate selection for specific fresh markets. Significant associations between canopy reflectance in the near infrared (IR) (830 nm), dry weight of foliage, and number of CLS lesions per leaf suggested that this technique may have utility for remote assessment of these variables in table beet research. Implications of these findings for the management of CLS in table beet are discussed.

scholarly journals Morpho- biochemical evaluation of Brassica rapa sub-species for salt tolerance

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jan ◽  
Zabta Shinwari ◽  
Malik Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Type

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect both the qualitative and quantitative characters of many Brassica rapa sub-species by disturbing its normal morphobiochemical processes. Therefore, the present research work was designed to study the effect of different NaCl events (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol) on morphological and biochemical characters and to screen salt tolerant genotypes among brown, yellow and toria types of B. rapa sub-species. The plants were grown in test tubes with addition of four level of NaCl (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol). The effect of salinity on shoot and root length, shoot/ root fresh and dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline and chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents was recorded after 4 weeks of sowing. The genotype 22861 (brown type) showed excellent morphological and biochemical performance at all stress levels followed by Toria-Sathi and Toria-A respectively as compared to Check variety TS-1. The genotype 26158 (yellow type) gave very poor performance and retard growth. The %RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased several folds with the increase of salt concentration. While, the proline contents was increased with raising of salt stress. The brown and toria types showed maximum tolerance to salt stress at early germination stages as compare to yellows one. The present study will serve as model to develop quick salt tolerant genotypes among different plant sub-species against salt stress.

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