scholarly journals Monitoring of Long-Lasting Effects of Fumigation with Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) on Root-Gall Index, Root-Knots, Other Nematode Populations, and Crop Yield over Three Protected Cucumber Crops in Bulgaria

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Zhenya Ilieva ◽  
Tanya Lazarova ◽  
Aleksander Mitev ◽  
Arben Myrta
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Combined Strategy

In order to evaluate the long-term effect of the new fumigant DMDS and its potential to be a part of IPM of root-knot nematodes, a two-year experiment was conducted on cucumber in a greenhouse in Bulgaria. In the first year, DMDS was applied in comparison with farmer nematicide strategy and untreated control in the first cucumber crop. After two consequent catch crops—lettuce in the winter period—a second cucumber crop followed in spring–summer. In this crop, the DMDS effect was studied with no treatment and was integrated into the post-planting strategy with Trichoderma spp. and garlic extract at plots previously treated with DMDS. The effect of DMDS was followed until 450 days after fumigation. Nematocidal efficacy of DMDS was 96% and the yield increased 65.5% in the first cucumber crop, and 80% and 100% in the second cucumber crop, respectively, when nothing was done or a combined strategy with Trichoderma spp. and garlic extract was followed. The DMDS effect on 44 non-target soil nematode genera was also followed. The negative impact of the fumigation was limited in time as non-target nematode communities regained previous crop levels in five months during our study. Therefore, DMDS can be properly included in soil IPM programmes and appears very promising for the protected crop industry in Europe.

Molecular aspects of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) vascular wilt by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and antagonism by Trichoderma spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Andrea Castillo-Sanmiguel ◽  
Laura Rocío Cortés-Sánchez ◽  
Jovanna Acero-Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The One

<p>Tomato plants (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) are susceptible to the infection by diverse pathogens that cause devastating diseases such as vascular wilt, which causes great losses at the production level. The fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (<em>Fol</em>) is one of the etiologic agents of this disease and its control lies in the use of synthetic chemicals which generate a negative impact in both health and the environment; thus, it is necessary to implement biological control as a healthier and more efficient alternative. The fungus <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. is a favorable option to be employed as a biocontroller against this pathogen thanks to its antagonist mechanisms, determined by metabolic and genetic characteristics. On the one hand, for <em>Fol</em> it is indispensable the activation of signaling routes such as MAPK Fmk1, MAPK Mpk1 y HOG, while <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. uses effectors involved in the interaction with the plant such as proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites that also strengthen its immune response against infection, determined by both Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) and effectors. Therefore, this article makes a review about the mentioned characteristics and suggests a greater application of tools and molecular markers for the management of this disease.</p>

Does working to pay for higher education really harm French academic results?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Bonnal ◽  
Pascal Favard ◽  
Kady Marie-Danielle Sorho-Body
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
First Year ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Student Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Results

Purpose This paper is the first of its kind to look at first-year undergraduates in France. The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of holding down a job on the probability of students dropping out of higher education or passing their first year. Design/methodology/approach Given the existence of relevant unobserved explanatory variables, probit models with two simultaneous equations have been estimated. The first equation will enable us to explain paid employment or working hours, and the second academic outcomes that allow for dropout. Findings The results show that being employed means students are more likely to drop out during their first year and less likely to pass. The latter finding is comparable with results for subsequent academic years although the impact is greater for first-year undergraduates. The more intensive the work, the greater the adverse effects of employment. Originality/value By refining the research, this negative impact of employment is not verified for all the student profiles. For some of them, e.g., those with honours at the secondary bachelor, employment does not harm their academic results.

Does Work Inhibit Cognitive Development During College?

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest T.Pascarella ◽  
Marcia I. Edison ◽  
Amaury Nora ◽  
Linda Serra Hagedorn ◽  
Patrick T.Terenzini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
First Year ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Student Background ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Science Reasoning ◽  
Part Time

This longitudinal investigation of 23 colleges and universities sought to estimate the impacts of on- and off-campus work on standardized measures of student cognitive development across three years of college. With controls made for student background characteristics and other experiences of college, there was little evidence to suggest that either form of work inhibited cognitive development in the first year of college. In the second year of college, on-campus work had small negative total and direct influences on science reasoning, but neither form of work inhibited students’ writing skills. Both forms of work had a significant curvilinear relationship with a composite measure of end-of-third-year cognitive development consisting of reading comprehension and critical thinking. Part-time on- or off-campus work had a positive influence, but on-campus work in excess of 15 hours per week or off-campus work in excess of 20 hours per week had a negative impact. Finally, across all years of the study, the cognitive impacts of work appear to be essentially the same, irrespective of student characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, gender, age, precollege ability, full-or part-time enrollment) and whether or not the student attended a two-year or a four-year college.

Poststroke depression in elderly, a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 826-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Samakouri ◽  
S. Arseniou ◽  
F.-G. Keskeridou ◽  
M. Gymnopoulou ◽  
M. Livaditis
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prior History ◽  
First Year ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
History Of ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Early Diagnose

IntroductionMood disturbances are often found in stroke patients and have a negative impact both on the recovery and the outcome of the stroke. Depression is the most common neuropsychiatric complication in the poststroke population, affecting nearly 30%–50% of patients within the first year. PSD implies a significant burden on both patients and their caregivers.Material and methodsUsing the search engines Pubmed and Scopus, 20 papers regarding the elderly dated from 2002–2010 were reviewed using the keywords depression, poststroke, recovery after stroke.ResultsThe core features of PSD include but are not limited to: persistent sadness, feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and worthlessness, guilt and sense of being a burden on the caregiver, lack of motivation, loss of interest, death wishes and suicidal ideation. Various cerebrovascular risk factors, including hypertension, atherosclerotic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus have been implicated as risks for depression in late life.Other predisposing factors are: prior history of depression or anxiety disorder, certain personality traits, baseline dementia but also, social isolation, living alone, physical functional impairments or a history of other psychiatric disorder.ConclusionDepression may impede recovery from stroke and impair outcome by affecting social functioning, motor abilities, cognitive functions and quality of life, thus it is important to early diagnose and prevent PSD.

Productivity and break crop effects of winter-growing oilseeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
AFvan Herwaarden ◽  
GN Howe ◽  
Herwaarden AF Van
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Previous Crop

Productivity, water use and nitrogen (N) use of the oilseeds canola, Indian mustard and linseed were compared with those of wheat and oats in a field experiment in the Riverina. In the following year wheat was grown on the same land and the same attributes were measured. In the first year, wheat productivity exceeded that of all other crops in terms of yield, dry matter production, uptake and the production value (expressed in the common units of the mass of glucose assimilated) of grain and straw. There was no association between productivity and water use, but the cereals had greater canopy cover and, presumably, a greater proportion of the water was transpired rather than evaporated from the soil. In the following year the wheat yield varied with the previous crop species in the order Indian mustard > canola > linseed > oats > wheat. The advantage of the oilseeds to the subsequent wheat crop was evident in terms of shoot density from the stem elongation stage. At the time of maturity, wheat following Indian mustard had extracted more soil water than wheat following canola or wheat following wheat. The early growth advantage to wheat following oilseeds was presumed to be associated with less soil-borne disease. The advantage to wheat following linseed did not persist after anthesis. The advantage to wheat following Indian mustard over wheat following canola appeared to be partly due to greater depletion of subsoil water during the later phases of growth.

Population effects of shrimp trawl bycatch on Atlantic croaker

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2010-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L Diamond ◽  
Lindsay G Cowell ◽  
Larry B Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Atlantic Croaker ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Micropogonias Undulatus ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Shrimp Trawl

We used stage-within-age based matrix models of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in the Gulf of Mexico and the South and Mid-Atlantic bights to explore the population-level impacts of shrimp trawl bycatch on estuarine-dependent fishes and to investigate tradeoffs between directed adult fisheries and bycatch mortality. The Gulf model reflected a rapidly declining population, while the Atlantic population showed a modest decline. Elasticity analyses indicated that both populations were more sensitive to the summed survival of adults than first-year survival, particularly in the Gulf. Contrary to our expectations, bycatch mortality on late juveniles was not the most important factor affecting either population of Atlantic croaker, and this result was robust to uncertainty in both adult and late juvenile mortality estimates. Both populations were most sensitive to ocean larva mortality, followed by mortality of estuary larvae and adults in the Gulf and of early juveniles and adults in the Atlantic. Nonetheless, bycatch mortality did have a large negative impact on population growth rates, and reducing late juvenile or adult mortality by about 35% in the Gulf or 5% in the Atlantic should reverse population declines. Bycatch reduction devices currently in use can achieve these desired reductions.

scholarly journals Construction of modern and high-tech agricultural temporary vegetable storehouses

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Vladislav Ushakov ◽  
Artem Subbotin ◽  
Dmitry Lisin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Of Products

Introduction. This article addresses the question of existing problems of development of construction industry in agriculture. Outdated old construction technologies and building structures give a reason for optimization and introduction of modern technologies in agricultural production. The outdated technologies of agricultural construction have a negative impact on the position of agricultural industry in the world stage of trade and economy of countries, while optimization and inevitable modernization of agricultural production and construction allow securing a foothold in the world market. Aspiration to take the lead in the world market is one of the most important tasks of agricultural industry. The agricultural industry also plays an oversize role in human life and the health, efficiency, development and activity of citizens depend directly on the quality of products delivered to the shop windows. This scope of research of this article is a comparison of traditional, temporary, field vegetable storehouses operating in winter time with modern technology of construction of these facilities in terms of technology, efficiency, environmental friendliness, mobility, availability, functionality and profitability. Materials and methods. In the course of this work, the following research methods were used: familiarization with the relevant statutes and regulations related to the study area, comparison of traditional and modern methods of vegetable storage in the field environment during the winter period and identification of the main advantages and disadvantages. Results. The positive and negative sides of the design and methods of construction of modern and traditional outdated technology have been revealed, as well as optimization of construction solutions necessary to ensure conditions for maintaining the quality of products in due form. Conclusions. Modern construction concepts and development of agricultural construction is an important area that allows provoking the trend of economic growth of countries, to take a leading position in the world market, to improve the quality of life of citizens, to improve the ecological system of the area and develop business activities.

scholarly journals Rynek mięsa wieprzowego w Polsce w obliczu afrykańskiego pomoru świń (ASF)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Mirosława Tereszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of African swine fever virus (ASF) on the development and functioning of the pork market in Poland. This virus appeared in Poland in February 2014 in wild boars, and then in July 2014 in pigs. The study covers the years 2014-2018, the period of ASF virus in Poland. By the end of July 2018, there were 182 cases of ASF in pigs and over 2.6 thousand in wild boars in four provinces of eastern and central Poland, and the largest cluster of this disease is located in the Lublin province. The appearance of ASF virus has had a negative impact on the pork market in Poland, resulting in restrictions on the export of this meat, costs of eradication of outbreaks and biosecurity. Despite these difficulties, the production of pork at this time was characterized by an upward trend, while exports only in the first year of the ASF decreased, but in subsequent years, due to the diversification of markets, there was an increase in exports. The descriptive method and simple statistical analyzes were used for the study.

scholarly journals Dimethyl Disulfide- A Potential Biopesticide Against Root-Knot Nematode of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Faruk ◽  
ML Rahman ◽  
MMM Mustafa ◽  
IR J Coosemans
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Pot Culture

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), the natural biopesticide extracted from Allium spp., was evaluated against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in greenhouse pot culture. All concentrations of DMDS viz. 30 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml and Aldicarb @ 2g per square meter of soil were effective against root-knot disease under both wet and dry conditions of soil. Nematode incidence was reduced drastically by higher dose of DMDS and Aldicarb @ 2g but did not accelerate vegetative growth of tomato plant especially when tomato seedlings were transplanted immediately after soil treatment. Low concentration of DMDS (30 ml per square meter of soil) was found appropriate for controlling root-knot nematode of tomato, accelerating saprophytic nematode population in soil and also enhancing vegetative growth of tomato plant under dry condition of soil.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11759   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 685-695, December 2011  

scholarly journals Stages of sea ice development in the Laptev sea

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Hotchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Partial Concentration ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Drifting Ice ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Variability of the stages of sea ice development in the Laptev Sea is assessed with 10-days periodicity for the autumn — winter period on a basis of AARI digital ice charts for 1997–2017. Difference in formation of the stages of ice development (ice thickness) was revealed between the drifting and fast ice, which is manifested in an earlier appearance of the first-year ice for the fast ice area and in its partial concentration. On average, the ice cover of the Laptev Sea is by 60 % composed of thick first-year ice, most of which is formed within the fast ice area — 38%, while the area of drifting ice is 1,5 times larger.

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