Photosynthesis, Biomass Production, Nutritional Quality, and Flavor-Related Phytochemical Properties of Hydroponic-Grown Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) ‘Standard’ under Different Electrical Conductivities of Nutrient Solution

Arugula (Eruca sativa) is cultivated using hydroponic techniques in greenhouses to fulfill high year-round demand, but its nutrient management in hydroponic production has not yet been standardized, potentially leading to limited quality and productivity. Aiming to address this issue, we investigated the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) on yield, nutritional and phytochemical properties of arugula. The model cultivar arugula ‘Standard’ was grown at four different EC levels (1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1 dS·m−1). Our results indicated photosynthetic properties, SPAD, leaf area, yield and dry weight increased with increasing EC from 1.2 to 1.8 dS·m−1. Foliar nutrient content increased with higher EC, but nutrient solution with 2.1 dS·m−1 showed a significant decline in N, Ca and most of the micronutrients including Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu, B and Mn. Total glucosinolates, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids concentrations increased with increasing EC. In addition, total anthocyanin content was highest in plants grown in EC 1.2 and 2.1 dS·m−1, demonstrating a stress response when grown in extreme EC levels. Our results further indicated a rapid accumulation of nitrate with higher EC, potentially detrimental to human health. This research demonstrated the optimal EC range would be 1.5 to 1.8 dS·m−1 for arugula in hydroponic production systems based on yield, quality criteria and human health considerations.

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Effect of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient content of eucalyptus minicuttings in nutrient solution

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000100023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 249-254

Author(s):

José Pereira Carvalho Neto ◽

Enilson de Barros Silva ◽

Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽

Paulo Henrique Grazziotti

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Plant Material ◽

Management Practice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Adequate Nutrient ◽

Npk Fertilization

Adequate nutrient levels in plants vary according to the species or clone, age and management practice. Therefore, adjustments of the nutrient solution are often necessary according to the plant material for multiplication. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient contents of eucalyptus cuttings in nutrient solution. The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized fractional factorial (4 x 4 x 4)½, with a total of 32 treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) as urea, P (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg L-1) in the form of phosphoric acid and K (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) in the form of potassium chloride in the nutrient solution. Only the effect of N alone was significant for the number and dry weight of minicuttings per ministump, with a linear decreasing effect with increasing N levels. The highest number of cuttings was obtained at a dose of 50, 7.5 and 50 mg L-1 of N, P and K, respectively.

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Biocomponents and Antioxidant Activity of Ribes khorasanicum

International journal of basic science in medicine ◽

10.15171/ijbsm.2018.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 99-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi ◽

Jalil Khara ◽

Mohammad Reza Housaindokht ◽

Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽

Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Total Anthocyanin Content ◽

Biological And Medical Applications

Currently, there have been lots of interests in phytochemicals as bioactive components. The roles of fruit, vegetables, and red pigments in preventing diseases have been partly accredited to the antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and etc. Biochemistry parameters including the relative levels of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, soluble and insoluble sugar content of Ribes khorasanicum, have been calculated in this project. The total anthocyanin content of the investigated Ribes khorasanicum measured to be 62.9 mg/g in dry weight, while displaying high levels when compared to other components, which indicates that the anthocyanin content was the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant. This particular plant has the potential to serve as the important source of antioxidant that can be utilized in different biological and medical applications.

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The effects of pretreatment and ripening stage on nutrient content and antioxidant properties of Lepisanthes fruticosa whole fruit powder

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(s6).010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (S6) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Tun Norbrillinda M. ◽

Norra I. ◽

Hasri H. ◽

M.M.A. Helmi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Ripening Stage ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Functional Ingredient ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Fruit Powder

The study on the effect of pretreatment (blanch and steam) and ripening stage (ripe and unripe) on nutrient content and antioxidant potential of Lepisanthes fruticosa whole fruit powder was carried out with the purpose to develop a potential functional ingredient. The results showed that blanching and steaming have significantly affected (p<0.05) the fat content, vitamin C, total anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity of L. fruticosa whole fruit powder regardless ripening stage. Both pretreatments could increase the vitamin C content, but blanching treatment alone was observed has lowered the fat content and enhanced the antioxidant activity (EC50). Moreover, the ripe L. fruticosa whole fruit powder that has undergone blanching treatment showed higher retention of total anthocyanins content. However, higher retention of total anthocyanin content was observed in the steamed sample of the unripe stage. Upon ripening, protein and ash content were decreased, contrarily with carbohydrate and vitamin C content. Vitamin C content in the ripe sample showed an increment of more than 80% than that of the unripe sample. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity in the unripe sample showed higher activity than that of the ripe sample, although both stages showed EC50 values ≤ 1 mg/mL. These results might be important for establishing a functional ingredient made with L. fruticosa whole fruit.

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Effect of Root Substrates and Nutrient Solution Electrical Conductivity on Tomato Transplant Characteristics

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.982a ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 982A-982

Author(s):

Paolo Sambo ◽

Franco Sannazzaro ◽

Michael Evans

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Rice Hulls ◽

Main Plot ◽

Shoot Weight

In order to evaluate alternative rooting media as a substitute to sphagnum peat in tomato transplant, fresh rice hulls (2 and 4 mm particle size), perlite, and peat were compared. In the same experiment, four nutrient solutions differing in electrical conductivity [(EC) 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 6.0 mS/cm], but not in nutrient content, were used. Seed of tomato (Lycopersium esculentum L.) `Brigade' (ASGROW) were sown in 55 × 35 × 6.5 cm polystyrene transplant trays containing 336 cells (15 mL) and filled with the root substrates. The trays were placed in a glass-glazed greenhouse. Trays were kept under intermittent mist for 6 days and then fertilized twice per week with 2.6 L per tray of solution. A split-plot design with three replications was used with nutrient solution serving as the main plot and root substrates serving as the subplots. During the growing cycle (once a week) and when plants were ready to transplant (16 cm tall, with an average of five to seven true leaves), stem diameter, hypocotyl length, plant height, number of true leaves, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight were measured. Also at transplant, root fresh and dry weight and above- and below-ground biomass were analyzed to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn content. Plants grown in rice hulls were as marketable as those in peat, but showed a higher content in N, K, and Mn. Increased nutrient solution affected not only dry matter accumulation, but also stem diameter and plant hight, which were greater in plants grown with high EC.

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Nutrient content of biomass components of Hamlin sweet orange trees

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000100023 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Dirceu Mattos Jr. ◽

José Antônio Quaggio ◽

Heitor Cantarella ◽

Ashok Kumar Alva

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Citrus Paradisi ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Nutrient Distribution ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Orange Trees

The knowledge of the nutrient distribution in trees is important to establish sound nutrient management programs for citrus production. Six-year-old Hamlin orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] on Swingle citrumelo [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus paradisi Macfad.] rootstock, grown on a sandy Entisol in Florida were harvested to investigate the macro and micronutrient distributions of biomass components. The biomass of aboveground components of the tree represented the largest proportion of the total. The distribution of the total tree dry weight was: fruit = 30.3%, leaf = 9.7%, twig = 26.1%, trunk = 6.3%, and root = 27.8%. Nutrient concentrations of recent mature leaves were in the adequate to optimal range as suggested by interpretation of leaf analysis in Florida. Concentrations of Ca in older leaves and woody tissues were much greater than those in the other parts of the tree. Concentrations of micronutrients were markedly greater in fibrous root as compared to woody roots. Calcium made up the greatest amount of nutrient in the citrus tree (273.8 g per tree), followed by N and K (234.7 and 181.5 g per tree, respectively). Other macronutrients comprised about 11% of the total nutrient content of trees. The contents of various nutrients in fruits were: N = 1.20, K = 1.54, P = 0.18, Ca = 0.57, Mg = 0.12, S = 0.09, B = 1.63 x 10-3, Cu = 0.39 x 10-3, Fe = 2.1 x 10-3, Mn = 0.38 10-3, and Zn = 0.40 10-3 (kg ton-1). Total contents of N, K, and P in the orchard corresponded to 66.5, 52.0, and 8.3 kg ha-1, respectively, which were equivalent to the amounts applied annually by fertilization.

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Untargeted metabolomics of purple and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes reveals a large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95901-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra A. Bennett ◽

Elizabeth H. Mahood ◽

Kai Fan ◽

Gaurav D. Moghe

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mass Spectrometry Data ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Northern Latitudes ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Orbitrap Analysis

AbstractAnthocyanins are economically valuable phytochemicals of significant relevance to human health. Industrially extracted from multiple fruit and vegetable sources, anthocyanin yield and profiles can vary between sources and growing conditions. In this study, we focused on three purple-fleshed and one orange-fleshed cultivars of sweet potato—a warm-weather, nutritious crop of substantial interest to growers in northern, cooler latitudes—to determine the yield and diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Acidified ethanol extraction of lyophilized roots yielded ~ 800 mg average anthocyanins/100 g dry weight from all three cultivars. UHPLC-DAD-Orbitrap analysis of sweet potato extracts identified 18 high-confidence, mostly acylated peonidin and cyanidin derivatives contributing to > 90% of the total anthocyanin signal. Further assessment of the untargeted Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry data using deep learning and molecular networking identified over 350 flavonoid peaks with variable distributions in different sweet potato cultivars. These results provide a novel insight into anthocyanin content of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes grown in the northern latitudes, and reveal the large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids in this popular crop.

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The Economical Management of Recirculation Solution and Development of Automatic Controlling Program for Hydroponics

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.803a ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 803A-803

Author(s):

Jae-Woo Soh* ◽

Yong-Beom Lee

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Volume ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Leaf Analysis ◽

Precise Calculation ◽

Run Off ◽

Grand Rapids ◽

Leaf Lettuce

Experiments were carried out to determine nutrient management system for butterhead lettuce `Omega' and leaf lettuce `Grand Rapids' in nutrient film technique (NFT), and to develop a rapid and reliable program for recirculation solution. The effects of controlling solutions with UOSL (Leaf Lettuce solution of the Univ. of Seoul, Korea; NO3 -N 10.55, NH4 -N 1.02, P 2.0, K 6.7, Ca 3.5, Mg 2.0, SO4 -S 2.0 me·L-1; Fe 2.0, Cu 0.1, B 0.5, Mn 0.3, Zn 0.3, Mo 0.05 ppm) were studied by greenhouse with managing by distilled water (DW), managing pH and EC (CM), managing by nutrient solution analysis (MN), managing by nutrient solution with leaf analysis (ML). The CO2 assimilation, transpiration rate, relative chlorophyll contents, leaf color, fresh weight and dry weight were highest in MN control in the butterhead `Omega' and in MN and ML control in the leaf lettuces `Grand Rapids'. The highest relative growth rate (RGR) was in MN ML in the butterhead `Omega' but those wasn't in the leaf lettuce `Grand Rapids'. Calculation program of adjustable solution was based on the main works by Visual Basic 5.0. The developed program could select an automatic and passive process considering the type of fertilizers, run-off rate, nutrient concentration, and water volume, for calculation. All of them were done successfully by the fast and precise calculation program.

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413 Investigation of Nutrient Fluxes and Stem Production under Nutrient Solution Recycling and Three Levels of Nutrition in Alstroemeria

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.515b ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 515B-515

Author(s):

D.R. Edwards ◽

M.A. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Drainage System ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Production Quality ◽

Stem Length ◽

Open Drainage ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Nutrient Runoff ◽

Stem Production

A concern with the greenhouse production of horticultural commodities, particularly those grown in the ground, is the difficulty in managing nutrient runoff. Alstroemeria, a heavy-feeding crop that is nearly always grown in soil, were planted into 26.5-L pots with a medium of LECA. Greenhouse experiments were designed to examine flowering stem production, quality, and nutrient flux under nutrient solution reuse (closed system) and with one of three levels of nutrition (EC of 2.1, 1.6 and 1.1 mS/cm). Plants in the closed treatments were set on troughs sloped towards separate 24-L reservoirs. The control was an open drainage system fed at 2.1 mS/cm. The reservoirs were kept at a constant volume with the addition of water after every irrigation; nutrients were added to restore the EC to demand levels. Stems were harvested twice per week and the nutrient content of the reservoirs were analyzed biweekly by ion chromatography. Data were analyzed as an RCBD with four treatments and blocks. Analysis of data from the preliminary experiment (29 May to 3 Aug. 1998) indicated number of stems and cymes were similar among treatments. Stem length, dry weight, and number of florets were depressed below the control only in lowest fed treatment. Nutrient application was reduced markedly, by up to 1000-fold in the closed vs. the open production system.

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A Research on Production of Rocket and Parsley in Floating System

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n7p54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hale Duyar ◽

Cenk Ceyhun Kiliç

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Floating System

In this research, the possibility of the production of rocket and parsley which have short production cycle and baby leaf vegetable, in floating system to reduce the concentration of nutrient solution; determination of the effects of yield, quality and leaf nutrient content was aimed. Research was carried out during the autumn and spring production seasons of 2010-2011. Standard nutrient solution ((mM) 12 N-NO3, 3.8 N-NH4, 2.8 P, 8.4 K, 3.5 Ca, 1.4 Mg, 9.5 Na, 8.0 Cl, 2.7 S, 0.04 Fe) was used as full dose (control treatment) and compared to half dose (1/2 dose) Hoagland nutrient solution. Both of the seasons in total yield were changed between rocket 975.81-1612.15 g m-2 and parsley 875.50-1093.50 g m-2 respectively. The results showed that using of floating system in Rocket and Parsley cultivation was successful and reduced the concentration of nutrient solution; variety and growing season at rates ranging from 13.7% to 24.8% compared to have showed reduce the yield. In this study, the effect of treatments to some quality parameters (dry weight, vitamin C, nitrate, pH ve EC) and nutrients removed by plant were determined. In addition, it was found that these values increased with increasing with the concentration of nutrient solution; however, vitamin C decreased in Parsley cultivation. When the results evaluated as a whole, it was concluded that using ½ doses decreased yield, some savings could be achieved in terms of nutrient solution consumed by the plant with the negative impact on the environment.

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Influence of the Maturity Stage on the Phytochemical Composition and the Antioxidant Activity of Four Andean Blackberry Cultivars (Rubus glaucus Benth) from Ecuador

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9081027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iván Samaniego ◽

Beatriz Brito ◽

William Viera ◽

Ana Cabrera ◽

Wilma Llerena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

A Value ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth) are fruits rich in phytocomponents with high antioxidant activity. In this work, the changes in the total polyphenol content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), and the total anthocyanin content (TAC) of four blackberry varieties at three maturity stages (E1-25%, E2-50%, and E3-100%) were measured. The antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated using the 2,2’azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin 6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. TPC and TFC content decreased with the increase in the maturity stage. The blackberry Brazos cultivar presented TPC values of 51.26, 38.16, and 31.59 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) at E1, E2, and E3, respectively. The TAC and soluble solids increased with the increase in the maturity stage of the fruits. The Andimora variety at E3 presented a high TPC content, and the Colombiana variety presented a high TFC content. The blackberry Colombiana cultivar presented TAC values of 1.40, 2.95, and 12.26 mg cy-3-glu/100g DW at E1, E2, and E3, respectively. The blackberry Colombiana cultivar presented a high AA value at 1278.63 µmol TE/g DW according to the ABTS method and 1284.55 µmol TE/g DW according to the FRAP method. The TPC and TFC showed a high correlation with the AA according to the ABTS and the FRAP methods. The Pearson correlation between the TFC and AA/ABTS has a value of r = 0.92. The TFC and AA/FRAP present a value of r = 0.94.

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