scholarly journals The Potential of Small Grains Crops in Enhancing Biofortification Breeding Strategies for Human Health Benefit

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Shelenga ◽  
Yulia A. Kerv ◽  
Irina N. Perchuk ◽  
Alla E. Solovyeva ◽  
Elena K. Khlestkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Grains

Nutrition is a source of energy, and building material for the human organism. The quality of food has an effect on the quality of individual life. Minerals and vitamins participate in various catalytic and regulatory functions of the main metabolic processes: absorption, transport, redox and biosynthesis of organic compounds, genetic information transfer, etc. Regular consumption of dietary fibers like β-glucans and oat-specific phenolics, antioxidants, and avenanthramides, stimulate innate and acquired immunity, prevent cancer, obesity, reduce glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels and regulate the expression of cholesterol-related genes. Thus, all those compounds are vitally important for the normal functional status of the human body. A deficiency in one or another essential nutrient causes disruptions in human metabolism, thus leading to serious illnesses. Plants are the main source of essential nutrients that are bioavailable for humans. One of the most popular groups of staple crops are the small grains crops (SGC), so these crops are most often used for biofortification purposes. Exploiting the potential of plant resources, biofortification is a long-term strategy, aimed at increasing the number of essential micro- and macronutrients in major food sources and ensuring their bioavailability. The most productive way to implement such strategy is the active use of the possibilities offered by collections of plant genetic resources, including SGC, concentrated in various countries of the world. The collections of plant resources contain both cultivated plants and their wild relatives that possess the required composition of micro- and macronutrients. A complex scientific approach to studying plant germplasm collections, together with agricultural practices (soil enrichment with fertilizers with a required composition), genetic biofortification (traditional breeding, marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering tactics), and their combinations will lead to the development of new biofortified cultivars and improvement of old ones, which can be used to solve the problems of unbalanced nutrition (malnutrition or hidden hunger) in different regions of the world.

scholarly journals Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Igor G. Loskutov ◽  
Elena K. Khlestkina
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Oat Breeding

Cereal grains provide half of the calories consumed by humans. In addition, they contain important compounds beneficial for health. During the last years, a broad spectrum of new cereal grain-derived products for dietary purposes emerged on the global food market. Special breeding programs aimed at cultivars utilizable for these new products have been launched for both the main sources of staple foods (such as rice, wheat, and maize) and other cereal crops (oat, barley, sorghum, millet, etc.). The breeding paradigm has been switched from traditional grain quality indicators (for example, high breadmaking quality and protein content for common wheat or content of protein, lysine, and starch for barley and oat) to more specialized ones (high content of bioactive compounds, vitamins, dietary fibers, and oils, etc.). To enrich cereal grain with functional components while growing plants in contrast to the post-harvesting improvement of staple foods with natural and synthetic additives, the new breeding programs need a source of genes for the improvement of the content of health benefit components in grain. The current review aims to consider current trends and achievements in wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health-benefiting components. The sources of these valuable genes are plant genetic resources deposited in genebanks: landraces, rare crop species, or even wild relatives of cultivated plants. Traditional plant breeding approaches supplemented with marker-assisted selection and genetic editing, as well as high-throughput chemotyping techniques, are exploited to speed up the breeding for the desired genotуpes. Biochemical and genetic bases for the enrichment of the grain of modern cereal crop cultivars with micronutrients, oils, phenolics, and other compounds are discussed, and certain cases of contributions to special health-improving diets are summarized. Correlations between the content of certain bioactive compounds and the resistance to diseases or tolerance to certain abiotic stressors suggest that breeding programs aimed at raising the levels of health-benefiting components in cereal grain might at the same time match the task of developing cultivars adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards of apple cultivars developed at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station. Part I

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. V. Shlyavas ◽  
D. D. Telezhinskiy ◽  
L. V. Bagmet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

Researchers of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station developed nomenclatural standards for 18 apple cultivars released at the said station: ‘Aksyona’ (WIR-53949), ‘Blagaya Vest’ (WIR-53950), ‘Danila’ (WIR-53952), ‘Isetskoye Pozdneye’ (WIR-53953), ‘Iset Belaya’ (WIR-53954), ‘Krasa Sverdlovska’ (WIR-53955), ‘Papiroyantarnoye’ (WIR-53956), ‘Pervouralskaya’ (WIR-53957), ‘Rodnikovaya’ (WIR-53958), ‘Rumyanka Sverdlovskaya’ (WIR-53959), ‘Sverdlovchanin’ (WIR-53960), ‘Serebryanoye Kopyttse’ (WIR-53961), ‘Sokovoye 3’ (WIR-53962), ‘Tavatuy’ (WIR-53963), ‘Uralets’ (WIR-53964), ‘Fakel’ (WIR-53965), ‘Fermer’ (WIR-53966), and ‘Ekrannoye’ (WIR-53967). Nomenclatural standards serve to confirm the authenticity of a cultivar and its name. They should be kept perpetually in the scientific herbarium collection. Herbarium specimens of nomenclatural standards are formatted in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the VIR Herbarium Database and included in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR).

scholarly journals Anticancer Herbs for Improving the Quality of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Darakhshan Qaiser ◽  
Anurag Srivastava ◽  
Afshan Qaiser
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

In the world, there are many systems of traditional medicine. Cancer is the major public health burden both in developing and developed countries. Around 50% of existing medicines for cancer treatment have plants origin. Anticancer property of some plant extracts proven to be significantly effective in the treatment of cancer. Many herbs like sadabahar, turmeric, Kalonji, cannabis, garlic, flaxseed contain active components which may be effective in prevention and treatment of many cancers. The present review focuses on the evidence of health benefit of various herbs though recent human and animal studies.

scholarly journals The Importance of Cultivated Plants in the Diet of Red and Roe Deer and Mouflon

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kamler ◽  
Miloslav Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

The botanical composition of red and roe deer and mouflon diet was studied in the mosaic landscape in Drahanská vrchovina highlands, Czech Republic. We focused on the proportion and quality of agricultural crops and natural forest plants and estimated quality of the herbivore diet. Diet quality was monitored by the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy on the basis of nutritional quality of diet items. Red deer, roe deer and mouflon ingested all cultivated plants growing close to forest. However, the proportion of cultivated plants varied between seasons and herbivore species. The peak of crops consumption occurred in summer – when cereals spikes were ripe. The average proportion of corn for red deer was 40%. Cultivated plants were well accessible for herbivores in the study area and during vegetation period formed an important part of their diet, but the importance of cultivated plants for herbivores was lower compared with natural food resources present in forests during vegetation period. Although the main natural food sources had lower nutritional value, they formed the main part of herbivore diet in the study area. The availability of cultivated plants increases the quality of food supply during the growing season, but for herbivores the natural food sources are crucial, forming the main part of their diet both in summer and in winter. Wildlife management should reckon with feeding preferences of herbivores.

scholarly journals Conservation of crop genetic resources in Brazil in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565
Author(s):  
Juliano Gomes Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Cultivated species, on which humankind depends for survival, have been created by farmers that have crossed and selected wild plants and developed landraces. Early in 20th century, the theory of Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants was proposed by Vavilov. He also warned the world about the loss of plant genetic diversity due to the dominance of a small number of genetically similar crops, a fact that help starting a movement for the conservation of plant genetic resources. From this time, several strategies and institutions were established around the world to act in plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. In Brazil, a remarkable player in PGR conservation, some institutions conserve several crop species as well as their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species. In this paper we present the status of PGR conservation in Brazil as well as initiatives and laws aiming at respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge, in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of accession describing metadata on plant genetic resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Oppermann ◽  
Stephan Weise
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
The Individual

In the wide-ranging field of biodiversity conservation, genebanks play a major role in the preservation of cultivated plants. An important focus of genebanks is the comprehensive documentation of the maintained material. This is a prerequisite to enable users to select the most suitable material for e.g. research or breeding programs (Hoisington et al. 1999). The German Federal ex situ Genebank for Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, which is being hosted at IPK, is the largest genebank in Western Europe. Within the multitude of data associated with plant material (e.g. from various -omics areas or conservation management), the so-called passport data represent the most original and oldest data in genebanks. These metadata are often subject to heterogeneity due to historically different collection and curation, especially if they were received from different institutions around the world. This leads to difficulties in handling these data and can result in misinterpretations. In addition, there are correlations between the individual attributes of the passport data which can lead to a different importance of the individual data points for the users. Major challenges for users are to estimate completeness, correctness and reliability of these data. Thus, it is necessary to assess the quality of these data by defining a suitable set of metrics. Unfortunately, classical data quality measurement metrics, e.g. (Klier 2008), are not sufficient to fulfill the users' needs. Depending on the intention of the user, a different focus is placed on the data. Moreover, the individual attributes of the respective areas can be related to each other. Therefore, a single index value for estimating the quality of a passport record is not sufficient. Rather, it seems to be more promising to generate more differentiated quality statements. We are working on a metrics system that is sensitive to the users' focus. Through a practical set of rules of data quality metrics for accession-related data, the user will be able to influence the weighting of individual domains (e.g. geographical origin, biological status) according to their context (fit-for-use index). The presentation will discuss the background and will give an overview of the progress of this research activity.

scholarly journals The Role of Cultivated Plants of the Family Solanaceae in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Azamatjon Muydinjonovich Ismatov ◽  
Sarvarjon Omonjon Ogli Toshmatov ◽  
Elbek Abdurahmon Ogli Shermamatov
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The role of algae (Solanaceae) in the agriculture of our republic is great. Potatoes and tomatoes from cultivated plants belonging to the family Solanaceae occupy large areas around the world and in our republic. The weight and quality of the product obtained from them is also high. The average yield of tomatoes in the country is 253 ts/h, the average yield of potatoes is 198 ts/h.

Correction of functional constipation in patients with limited mobility after stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
M. S. Turchina ◽  
M. V. Bukreeva ◽  
L. Yu. Korolyova ◽  
Zh. E. Annenkova ◽  
L. G. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
The World

Currently, the problem of early rehabilitation of stroke patients is important, since in terms of the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases and disability after suffering a stroke, Russia is one of the first places in the world. The complex of medical rehabilitation of such patients should provide for the early and most complete restoration of all body functions, patient education for lost skills, re-socialization of the patient and improvement of the quality of life. One of the factors contributing to a significant reduction in the quality of life after a stroke is the development of chronic constipation. The article reflects the modern methods of correction of chronic constipation in patients with limited mobility.

HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Selçuk Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.

IN SEARCH OF EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY FOR UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viсtor Ognevyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
School Management ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Management School ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

The article deals with the world rating of Ukrainian educational sphere according to The Global Competitiveness Report and UNESCO Science Report. It shows comparative indices of Ukraine in contrast to the other countries of these world ratings according to the “Quality of primary education”, “Penetration of primary education”, “Penetration of secondary education”, “Quality of secondary education”, “Quality of education in Sciences”, “Quality of school management”, “School access to the internet” and others. The article also defines strategic directions of reforming Ukrainian education system to improve its position in the world international ratings.

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