scholarly journals Unraveling the Association between Metabolic Changes in Inter-Genus and Intra-Genus Bacteria to Mitigate Clubroot Disease of Chinese Cabbage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Lanfang Wei ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Xinying Xiong ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Pgp Traits

Clubroot disease caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae is a serious threat to cabbage production worldwide. Current clubroot control primarily relies on a fungicide, but this has a negative impact on the environment and the use of a single biocontrol agent cannot efficiently control the disease. Thus, the combined application of different biocontrol agents has been proposed as a promising alternative. In this study, we used bacterial biocontrol agents as a co-culture (inter-genus and intra-genus) and mono-culture to mitigate the clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage. We evaluated their biocontrol effect and plant growth promoter (PGP) traits in in vitro and in vivo experiments. This study revealed that the inter-genus bacterial co-culture significantly suppresses the incidence of clubroot disease and enhances plant growth compared with intra-genus and mono-culture. In pairwise interaction, we observed that Bacillus cereus BT-23 promotes the growth of Lysobacter antibioticus 13-6 (inter-genus bacterial co-culture), whereas L. capsici ZST1-2 and L. antibioticus 13-6 (intra-genus microbial co-culture) are antagonists to each other. Furthermore, a total of 5575 metabolites, 732 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), and 510 unique metabolites were detected through the LC-MS/MS technique in the bacterial co-culture. The number of unique metabolites in inter-genus bacterial co-culture (393 metabolites) was significantly higher than in the intra-genus bacterial co-culture (117 metabolites). Further analysis of DEMs showed that the DEMs were mainly involved in four kinds of metabolism pathways, i.e., carbohydrate metabolism, amino metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. The contents of some secondary metabolites with biocontrol activity and plant growth-promoting functions were increased in inter-genus bacterial co-culture, indicating that inter-genus bacterial co-culture has a solid potential to suppress clubroot disease. We conclude that the inter-genus bacterial interaction changes the community metabolism and improves several secondary metabolites functions with respect to disease control and PGP ability.

scholarly journals Olea europaea L. Root Endophyte Bacillus velezensis OEE1 Counteracts Oomycete and Fungal Harmful Pathogens and Harbours a Large Repertoire of Secreted and Volatile Metabolites and Beneficial Functional Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Cheffi ◽  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Faizah N. Alenezi ◽  
Lenka Luptakova ◽  
Marta Belka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Rarefaction Analysis ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Large Repertoire

Oomycete and fungal pathogens, mainly Phytophthora and Fusarium species, are notorious causal agents of huge economic losses and environmental damages. For instance, Phytophthora ramorum, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora plurivora and Fusarium solani cause significant losses in nurseries and in forest ecosystems. Chemical treatments, while harmful to the environment and human health, have been proved to have little or no impact on these species. Recently, biocontrol bacterial species were used to cope with these pathogens and have shown promising prospects towards sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices. Olive trees prone to Phytophthora and Fusarium disease outbreaks are suitable for habitat-adapted symbiotic strategies, to recover oomycetes and fungal pathogen biocontrol agents. Using this strategy, we showed that olive trees-associated microbiome represents a valuable source for microorganisms, promoting plant growth and healthy benefits in addition to being biocontrol agents against oomycete and fungal diseases. Isolation, characterization and screening of root microbiome of olive trees against numerous Phytophthora and other fungal pathogens have led to the identification of the Bacillus velezensis OEE1, with plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities and strong activity against major oomycete and fungal pathogens. Phylogenomic analysis of the strain OEE1 showed that B. velezensis suffers taxonomic imprecision that blurs species delimitation, impacting their biofertilizers’ practical use. Genome mining of several B. velezensis strains available in the GenBank have highlighted a wide array of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) features, metals and antibiotics resistance and the degradation ability of phytotoxic aromatic compounds. Strain OEE1 harbours a large repertoire of secreted and volatile secondary metabolites. Rarefaction analysis of secondary metabolites richness in the B. velezenis genomes, unambiguously documented new secondary metabolites from ongoing genome sequencing efforts that warrants more efforts in order to assess the huge diversity in the species. Comparative genomics indicated that B. velezensis harbours a core genome endowed with PGP features and accessory genome encoding diverse secondary metabolites. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of OEE1 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mas Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis of secondary metabolites identified numerous molecules with PGP abilities that are known to interfere with pathogen development. Moreover, B. velezensis OEE1 proved effective in protecting olive trees against F. solani in greenhouse experiments and are able to inhabit olive tree roots. Our strategy provides an effective means for isolation of biocontrol agents against recalcitrant pathogens. Their genomic analysis provides necessary clues towards their efficient implementation as biofertilizers.

scholarly journals Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsia Syamsia ◽  
ABUBAKAR IDHAN ◽  
AMANDA PATAPPARI FIRMANSYAH ◽  
NOERFITRYANI NOERFITRYANI ◽  
IRADHATULLAH RAHIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.

scholarly journals Halotolerant bacteria mitigate the effects of salinity stress on soybean growth by regulating secondary metabolites and molecular responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Atlaw Anbelu Sahile ◽  
Rahmatullah Jan ◽  
Sajjad Asaf ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Pgp Traits

Abstract Background Salinity is a major threat to the agriculture industry due to the negative impact of salinity stress on crop productivity. In the present study, we isolated rhizobacteria and evaluated their capacities to promote crop growth under salt stress conditions. Results We isolated rhizospheric bacteria from sand dune flora of Pohang beach, Korea, and screened them for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Among 55 bacterial isolates, 14 produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 10 produced siderophores, and 12 produced extracellular polymeric and phosphate solubilization. Based on these PGP traits, we selected 11 isolates to assess for salinity tolerance. Among them, ALT29 and ALT43 showed the highest tolerance to salinity stress. Next, we tested the culture filtrate of isolates ALT29 and ALT43 for IAA and organic acids to confirm the presence of these PGP products. To investigate the effects of ALT29 and ALT43 on salt tolerance in soybean, we grew seedlings in 0 mM, 80 mM, 160 mM, and 240 mM NaCl treatments, inoculating half with the bacterial isolates. Inoculation with ALT29 and ALT43 significantly increased shoot length (13%), root length (21%), shoot fresh and dry weight (44 and 35%), root fresh and dry weight (9%), chlorophyll content (16–24%), Chl a (8–43%), Chl b (13–46%), and carotenoid (14–39%) content of soybean grown under salt stress. Inoculation with ALT29 and ALT43 also significantly decreased endogenous ABA levels (0.77-fold) and increased endogenous SA contents (6–16%), increased total protein (10–20%) and glutathione contents, and reduced lipid peroxidation (0.8–5-fold), superoxide anion (21–68%), peroxidase (12.14–17.97%), and polyphenol oxidase (11.76–27.06%) contents in soybean under salinity stress. In addition, soybean treated with ALT29 and ALT43 exhibited higher K+ uptake (9.34–67.03%) and reduced Na+ content (2–4.5-fold). Genes involved in salt tolerance, GmFLD19 and GmNARK, were upregulated under NaCl stress; however, significant decreases in GmFLD19 (3–12-fold) and GmNARK (1.8–3.7-fold) expression were observed in bacterial inoculated plants. Conclusion In conclusion, bacterial isolates ALT29 and ALT43 can mitigate salinity stress and increase plant growth, providing an eco-friendly approach for addressing saline conditions in agricultural production systems.

Silica Sol-Gel Microbead Encapsulation as a Novel Delivery Method for Symbiotic Microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Elissiry ◽  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Synthetic fertilizer is responsible for the greatly increased crop yields that have enabled worldwide industrialization. However, the production and use of such fertilizers are environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable; synthetic fertilizers are produced via non-renewable resources and fertilizer runoff causes groundwater contamination and eutrophication. A promising alternative to synthetic fertilizer is bacterial inoculation. In this process, a symbiotic relationship is formed between a crop and bacteria species that can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and stimulate plant hormone production. The bacteria carrier developed here aims to maintain bacteria viability while in storage, protect bacteria while encapsulated, and provide a sustained and controllable bacterial release. This novel bacterial delivery method utilizes inorganic nanomaterials, silica microbeads, to encapsulate symbiotic bacteria. These microbeads, which were produced with aqueous, non-toxic precursors, are sprayed directly onto crop seeds and solidify on the seeds as a resilient silica matrix. The bacterial release from the carrier was found by submerging coated seeds in solution to simulate degradation in soil environments, measuring the number of bacteria released by the plate count technique, and comparing the carrier to seeds coated only in bacteria. The carrier’s effectiveness to enhance plant growth was determined through greenhouse plant assays with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) plants and the nitrogen-fixing <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> Rm1021 strain. When compared to bacteria-only inoculation, the silica microbead carrier exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased holding capacity of viable bacteria and increased plant growth by a similar amount, demonstrating the capability of inorganic nanomaterials for microbial delivery. The carrier presented in this work has potential applications for commercial agriculture and presents an opportunity to further pursue more sustainable agricultural practices.

Silica Sol-Gel Microbead Encapsulation as a Novel Delivery Method for Symbiotic Microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Elissiry ◽  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Synthetic fertilizer is responsible for the greatly increased crop yields that have enabled worldwide industrialization. However, the production and use of such fertilizers are environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable; synthetic fertilizers are produced via non-renewable resources and fertilizer runoff causes groundwater contamination and eutrophication. A promising alternative to synthetic fertilizer is bacterial inoculation. In this process, a symbiotic relationship is formed between a crop and bacteria species that can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and stimulate plant hormone production. The bacteria carrier developed here aims to maintain bacteria viability while in storage, protect bacteria while encapsulated, and provide a sustained and controllable bacterial release. This novel bacterial delivery method utilizes inorganic nanomaterials, silica microbeads, to encapsulate symbiotic bacteria. These microbeads, which were produced with aqueous, non-toxic precursors, are sprayed directly onto crop seeds and solidify on the seeds as a resilient silica matrix. The bacterial release from the carrier was found by submerging coated seeds in solution to simulate degradation in soil environments, measuring the number of bacteria released by the plate count technique, and comparing the carrier to seeds coated only in bacteria. The carrier’s effectiveness to enhance plant growth was determined through greenhouse plant assays with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) plants and the nitrogen-fixing <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> Rm1021 strain. When compared to bacteria-only inoculation, the silica microbead carrier exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased holding capacity of viable bacteria and increased plant growth by a similar amount, demonstrating the capability of inorganic nanomaterials for microbial delivery. The carrier presented in this work has potential applications for commercial agriculture and presents an opportunity to further pursue more sustainable agricultural practices.

Potential of endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus as potent plant growth promoter

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arooj Javed ◽  
Azhar Hussain Shah ◽  
Anwar Hussain ◽  
Zabta Khan Shinwari ◽  
Seema Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Plant Growth Promoter

scholarly journals Comparative Metabolite Profile, Biological Activity and Overall Quality of Three Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) Cultivars in Response to Sulfur Nutrition

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Muna Ali Abdalla ◽  
Fengjie Li ◽  
Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann ◽  
Saad Sulieman ◽  
Deniz Tasdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Higher Plant

The main objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sulfur (S) nutrition on plant growth, overall quality, secondary metabolites, and antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars. Three lettuce cultivars, namely, Pazmanea RZ (green butterhead, V1), Hawking RZ (green multi-leaf lettuce, V2), and Barlach RZ (red multi-leaf, V3) were subjected to two S-treatments in the form of magnesium sulfate (+S) or magnesium chloride (−S). Significant differences were observed under −S treatments, especially among V1 and V2 lettuce cultivars. These responses were reflected in the yield, levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, water-soluble sugars, and free inorganic anions. In comparison with the green cultivars (V1 and V2), the red-V3 cultivar revealed a greater acclimation to S starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth. In contrast, the green cultivars showed higher capabilities in production and superior quality attributes under +S condition. As for secondary metabolites, sixteen compounds (e.g., sesquiterpene lactones, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid hexose, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-OCQA), quercetin and luteolin glucoside derivatives) were annotated in all three cultivars with the aid of HPLC-DAD-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Sesquiterpene lactone lactucin and anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were only detected in V1 and V3 cultivars, respectively. Based on the analyses, the V3 cultivar was the most potent radical scavenger, while V1 and V2 cultivars exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in response to S provision. Our study emphasizes the critical role of S nutrition in plant growth, acclimation, and nutritional quality. The judicious-S application can be adopted as a promising antimicrobial prototype for medical applications.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites from Artemisia Genus as Biopesticides and Innovative Nano-Based Application Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Bianca Ivănescu ◽  
Ana Flavia Burlec ◽  
Florina Crivoi ◽  
Crăița Roșu ◽  
Andreia Corciovă
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Potential Use

The Artemisia genus includes a large number of species with worldwide distribution and diverse chemical composition. The secondary metabolites of Artemisia species have numerous applications in the health, cosmetics, and food sectors. Moreover, many compounds of this genus are known for their antimicrobial, insecticidal, parasiticidal, and phytotoxic properties, which recommend them as possible biological control agents against plant pests. This paper aims to evaluate the latest available information related to the pesticidal properties of Artemisia compounds and extracts and their potential use in crop protection. Another aspect discussed in this review is the use of nanotechnology as a valuable trend for obtaining pesticides. Nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules represent a more efficient method of biopesticide delivery with increased stability and potency, reduced toxicity, and extended duration of action. Given the negative impact of synthetic pesticides on human health and on the environment, Artemisia-derived biopesticides and their nanoformulations emerge as promising ecofriendly alternatives to pest management.

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