scholarly journals Assessment of a Postharvest Treatment with Pyrimethanil via Thermo-Nebulization in Controlling Storage Rots of Apples

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Felix Büchele ◽  
Daniel A. Neuwald ◽  
Christian Scheer ◽  
Rachael M. Wood ◽  
Ralf T. Vögele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Storage Rots ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Protection Strategies

Apples are very susceptible to infections from various fungal pathogens during the growing season due to prolonged exposure to environmental influences in the field. Therefore, a strict and targeted fungicide strategy is essential to protect fruit and trees. Increased environmental and health concerns and pathogen resistance have resulted in a rising demand to reduce fungicide usage and residues on marketed fruit. Thus, producers must develop new plant protection strategies to conform to the legal and social demands while still offering high-quality apples. This study assessed the efficacy of a post-harvest fungicide treatment with pyrimethanil via thermo-nebulization for controlling storage rots and compared the results to those of standard pre-harvest fungicide strategies. The results showed that a single post-harvest application of pyrimethanil successfully controlled storage rots and is comparable to strategies using multiple pre-harvest fungicide applications. The control of fungal rot was sustained even after 5 months of storage and 2 weeks of shelf life. Thermo-nebulization into the storage facility allowed for a lower dosage of fungicide to be used compared to pre-harvest applications, while still maintaining optimal rot control. Residue analyses showed that the post-harvest fungicide treatment did not exceed legal or retailer’s standards.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PLANTS ON SOIL MYCOCENOSIS WHEN GROWING LEAF SALAD UNDER ARID CLIMATE OF ASTRAKHAN REGION

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
D.G. Baubekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Protection Agent

Territories with arid climate are characterized by insufficient atmospheric humidification at high air temperatures. Therefore, the use of drip irrigation during the growing season of plants is an effective agrotechnical method of farming. However, its use causes a number of unfavorable consequences that can be avoided by using biological plant protection agents with pronounced biological activity against phytopathogenic bacteria, micromycetes, insects and viruses. These remedies are based on the introduction of microorganisms and their metabolites into the biotechnological process. A biological plant protection agent based on Bаcillus atrophaeus ACIM В–11474 has been developed and its effect on the mycocenosis of the studied soils when growing lettuce in the arid climate of the Astrakhan region using drip irrigation has been studied.

scholarly journals Results of the weed control in onion (Allium Cepa L.) field

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. Ariunaa ◽  
T. Erdenenzorig ◽  
B. Dondov
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Production Demand

Our country has provided about 52% of vegetables from domestic production, the rest part imported others from outside. Thus, imports of potatoes and vegetables have been reduced last year, for this reason, main vegetable seeds, were produced domestically and provided over 80 percent of the country’s demand. In the future domestic production demand of vegetable goal set working to provide by 100 percent from government our country in this connection issues urgent need to solve sowing seeds, variety supply, seed production, and plant protection. According to our research, during the growing season, 150-350 weeds growing per 1m2 of rounded onions shows that the amount of crop damage is relatively high. For the purpose of control against weeds in the onion field with 3 repetitions of 7 variants of 2 types of herbicides are conducted experimental research. These include; pre-emergent Estamp (Stomp) herbicide applied in doses 2.5; 3.5 l/ha that controls all types of weeds, but showed results of 65.2-72.4%. The growing season during a selective post-emergent of Gaur herbicide in doses 0.7; 0.9l/ ha used against broadleaf and grassy weeds that became clear of weed species density reduced by 92.7-93.4%. It was tested in this study Pendimethalin, 33% + Oxyfluorfen 24 % mixture herbicides have reduced the number of weeds by 92.4-94.1%.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SORTASI, NATRIUM HIPOKLORIT DAN FUNGISIDA PADA KACANG TANAH UNTUK MENGELIMINASI KONTAMINASI ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Sholeh Avivi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Aspergillus Infection ◽  
Post Harvest

The Effect of Sorting, Sodium hypochloride (NaClO), and Fungicide Treatment on Peanut  in Elimination  the  Aspergillus flavus Contamination.  The humid tropical condition of Indonesia, the post harvest treatment, and the storage practices favour rapid growth and wide spread Aspergillus infestation on peanut. The objectives of this research was to find the best technique in controlling the Aspergillus infection on peanut.  To achieve those objectives, complete randomised design in factorial with three factors was applied.  The factors were grading and colour sorting (A1 = grading and colour sorting;  A2 = without grading and colour sorting), NaClO blanching (B1 = without blanching; B2 = 1.25% NaClO blanching; B3=2.5% NaClO blanching), and Benlate T-20 WP treatment (C1 = 2,5 g/L; C2 = 3 g/L;  C3 = 3,5 g/L).  The result showed that the best combination treatment was A2B2C3 with the minimum amount of spore on peanut seed.  With those combination treatment we concluded that the grading and colour sorting, the 1.25% NaClO blanching, and the application of 3,5 g/L Benlate T-20 WP could reduced the Aspergillus contamination up to 80% compare with A1B1C3 treatment.

Plant Resistance Genes for Fungal Pathogens - Physiological Models and Identification in Cereal Crops

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 969-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Knogge
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Physiological Models ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

The complex biological phenomenon “resistance” can be reduced to single Mendelian traits acting on both the plant and the pathogen side in a number of pathosystems. According to the “gene-for-gene hypothesis”, the outcome of a plant/pathogen interaction in these cases is incompatibility if a plant carrying a particular resistance gene and a pathogen with the complementary avirulence gene meet. This suggests a causal role of resistance genes in a recognition process initiating active plant defense responses. Fundamentally different strategies are followed to identify these genes molecularly depending on the plant and pathogen species involved. Fungal diseases of crop plants, especially those of cereals, cause dramatic yield losses worldwide. It is assumed that a molecular characterization of plant genes conferring resistance to fungal pathogens will lead to a better understanding of the plant defense system in general permitting the development of new methods of crop plant protection.

scholarly journals Present-day breeding of legumes and groat crops in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
V. I. Zotikov ◽  
S. D. Vilyunov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

The production of pedigree seeds is not only an important but also a cost-effective means of increasing the yield and efficiency of agriculture. The genetic potential of varieties can be unlocked only by choosing those adaptive to the soil and climatic conditions in a particular region, using modern tools for plant protection, and applying balanced mineral nutrition. These are the most important factors determining the performance. In the course of breeding and genetic work, the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (FSC LGC) has created new soybean varieties, whose high biological and economic potentials are combined with resistance to stress factors. Despite the close relationship between productivity and growing season duration, the highly productive and early-ripening (100–115 days) soybean varieties raised at FSC LGC can yield 2.5 to 3.5 t/ha, the grain having high contents of protein (37–42 %) and fat (18–22 %), depending on the climatic conditions in a particular year of cultivation. They are less temperature-sensitive than other domestic or foreign varieties. It is important that our soybean varieties are not genetically modified. New pea varieties created at FSC LGC in 2015–2020 differ in growing season duration and morphological features. They are adaptable to the soil and climatic conditions of a region, which ensures the maximum realization of their potential. The main factor in increasing yields and stabilizing the production of buckwheat and millet grain in the Russian Federation is the creation and adaption of new earlyripening and high-yielding varieties of the determinate type adapted to the specific natural and climatic conditions of different regions of Russia.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-472
Author(s):  
Dan Funck Jensen ◽  
◽  
Mukesh Dubey ◽  
Birgit Jensen ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence ◽  
Potential Use

The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applications worldwide. Although its mycoparasitic ability has attracted a lot of interest, C. rosea is now viewed as an ecological generalist whose lifestyle also includes plant endophytism, rhizosphere competence and polyphagous ability. Protocols for producing high amounts of C. rosea spores are available for both solid state and liquid fermentation. Low temperature and low moisture content are key factors that influence the shelf life of C. rosea propagules. Products based on C. rosea can be delivered to flowers using bumble bees, applied by spraying or as seed dressing or by incorporation into the soil. Clonostachys rosea is today an established factor in sustainable plant protection strategies.

scholarly journals Breeding progress for pathogen resistance is a second major driver for yield increase in German winter wheat at contrasting N levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Zetzsche ◽  
Wolfgang Friedt ◽  
Frank Ordon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBreeding has substantially increased the genetic yield potential, but fungal pathogens are still major constraints for wheat production. Therefore, breeding success for resistance and its impact on yield were analyzed on a large panel of winter wheat cultivars, representing breeding progress in Germany during the last decades, in large scale field trials under different fungicide and nitrogen treatments. Results revealed a highly significant effect of genotype (G) and year (Y) on resistances and G × Y interactions were significant for all pathogens tested, i.e. leaf rust, strip rust, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight. N-fertilization significantly increased the susceptibility to biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Resistance was significantly improved over time but at different rates for the pathogens. Although the average progress of resistance against each pathogen was higher at the elevated N level in absolute terms, it was very similar at both N levels on a relative basis. Grain yield was increased significantly over time under all treatments but was considerably higher without fungicides particularly at high N-input. Our results strongly indicate that wheat breeding resulted in a substantial increase of grain yield along with a constant improvement of resistance to fungal pathogens, thereby contributing to an environment-friendly and sustainable wheat production.

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