scholarly journals Morphological Assessment of Cultivated and Wild Amaranth Species Diversity

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjita Thapa ◽  
Matthew Blair
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blade Shape

Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Grain amaranth are pseudocereals from three species domesticated in North and South America and are notable for containing high amount of protein and minerals and balanced amino acid in their small seeds. Genetic diversity analysis of amaranths is important for development of core set of germplasm with widely diverse population and effective utilization of plant genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated a germplasm collection of 260 amaranth accessions from United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) and 33 accessions from Seed Savers’ Exchange (SSE). We evaluated morphological traits like blade pigmentation, blade shape, petiole pigmentation, branching index, flower color, stem color, inflorescence density, inflorescence shape, terminal inflorescence attitude, plant height and yield characteristics across all 293 accessions. We compared clustering within the USDA and SSE collection and across both collections. Data analysis of morphological data showed significant difference of petiole pigmentation, stem color, blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color across different clusters of accessions of USDA unlike among different clusters of SSE where we found significant difference of only blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color. The relationship depicted by neighbor-joining dendogram using the morphological markers was consistent with some but not all of the differences observed between species. Some divisions were found between cultivated and weedy amaranths that was substantiated by morphological characteristics but no separation of South and Central American species was observed. Substantial phenotypic plasticity limits the use of morphological analysis for phylogenetic analysis but does show that important morphological traits such as inflorescence type and plant architecture can cross species boundaries. Similarly, color variants for leaves, flowers and seeds are not exclusive to one cluster in our study nor to one species and can be used widely for breeding any of the cultigens, but not to species identification. Our findings will help in germplasm conservation of grain amaranths and facilitate in this crop’s improvement. It will also help on developing effective breeding programs involving different plant characteristics and morphological traits of Amaranths.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the leaf blade and the variety of dill morphotypes

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
M. M. Tsiunel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Leaf Segments

Relevance. Common dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is an annual plant of the celery family (Apiaceae). It has alternated variously repeatedly pinnatisected simple leaves character- ized by a number of morphological features including color, presence of waxy bloom, size and density of the final segments, size and shape of the leaf blade. Leaves on different nodes of the same plant can be variable. Environment conditions of plant cultivation also affect some morphological characteristics of the leaf (inc. size of the leaf and its final segments). But, under the same conditions each variety of dill possess a certain set of morphological features that determine the variety identity. In recent years, dill varieties with new morphological features of the leaf blade have emerged, and it is important to evaluate and classify the existing morphologic diversity of the plant.Methods. Several methods are currently used to describe morphological features of dill leaves structure: developed by VIR (All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources), UPOV, the plant approbation manual, description of leafy vegetables in “Cultivated Flora” compendium. There are similarities and differences between the methods in description of characteristics and their grouping according to the extent of the characters. In this study the current methods for description of the morphological features of dill leafs were compared. The described morphological evaluation of the dill varieties was carried out at 2016–2018 in open field in the Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Breeding (LLC), in the “Gavrish-Slobodskoy” Plant Breeding Center (Pavlovskaya Sloboda, Istrinsky district, Moscow region).Results. As a result, it was revealed that the UPOV method more comprehensively describes the morphological characteristics of dill leaf blade. This method can be extended in the following direction: Establish groups according to the length of leaf, using leaf blade length without petiole: small leaf blade – 5-12 cm, medium – 12-25 cm, large – 25- 40 cm; Establish new character: a density of leaf segments (in parts of the 2nd order) and identify the following groups: thin (up to 5 segments), medium density (6-15 segments), and dense (16 or more segments) arrangement of the segments; Establish new character: segment length, grouping it according their actual length: up to 1 cm – short, from 1 to 1.5 cm – medium, and more than 1.5 cm – long leaf segments. According to the evaluated leaf morphological characteristics: size, color, presence of waxy bloom, “leaf patterns”, the dill plants are very diverse. Two dill morphotypes can be distinguished by presence or absence of waxy bloom, 3 morphotypes by the leaf shape (diamond-shaped, elongated, triangular), and 27 morphotypes – by location and size of the final leaf segments. 

scholarly journals Revision of Alnus (Betulaceae) in Iran using molecular ITS markers and morphological characteristics

Biologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Gholamiterojeni ◽  
Fariba Sharifnia ◽  
Taher Nejadsattari ◽  
Mostafa Assadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Significant Difference

Alnus (Alder) is a genus of Betulaceae, which comprises more than 29 species in the world. According to different classifications of flora, eight taxa of the genus naturally grow in Iran and are distributed along the northern slope of Albourz Mountains in Iran (Hyrcanian forests). In the current research, we investigated morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of 31 populations of the genus in Iran. Twenty-eight qualitative and quantitative traits were studied for morphological evaluation and ITS molecular marker was investigated for molecular study. We used MVSP, SPSS, MrBayes, RAXMLGUI, Mesquite 2.71, Modeltest 3.7 software packages for statistical analyses. Morphological features varied widely among the studied taxa and ANOVA test revealed significant difference for most of them. Moreover, the angle of leaf base, the leaf margin shape, the length and width of the leaf blade, fruits length, and the presence of hair on the petioles, young twigs, and buds were more variable morphological traits. The studied taxa were clustered separately in the UPGMA tree, PCA and PCO plots using morphological traits. In addition, CA-joined plot showed each taxon to have distinct morphological trait(s), which is useful in the identification of the taxa. Phylogeny analysis revealed that Alnus genus is a monophyletic group. Furthermore, the studied taxa were clustered separately in phylogenetic dendrogram. According to morphological and ITS data, we listed ten taxa of the genus in Iran and introduced A. hyrcana and A. longiflorescentia as two new species from Hyrcanian forests of Iran.

scholarly journals VARIASI MORFOMETRIK IKAN MUJAIR (Oreochromis mossambicus) PADA EKOSISTEM RAWA (LENTIK WATER) DI WILAYAH PRAFI, MASNI DAN SIDEY, KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Sigit Prafiadi ◽  
Enik Maturahmah
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Local Species

This study aims to determine the pattern of breeding, adaptability to the environment and feeding processes in tilapia fish Oreochromis mossambicus through morphological data, morphological data obtained through morphometric measurements that can be used to formulate the extent of the threat to local species because tilapia is an invasive fish species with morphological data. Fairly high reproduction in freshwater waters. The location of this research is swamp waters in Manokwari Regency, namely Prafi, Masni and Sidey Regions. Morphometric measurements using 14 standards. Morphometric measurement results of male fish showed that the width of the tail fin (CFW) there was a significant difference in the width of the tail fin (CFL) between the tilapia fish in the Prafi swamp with the other two marshes, the width of the tilapia fish tail fins in the Masni and Sidey swamps did not differ significantly. In female fish measurements (DFL) showed that there were significant differences while the CFW measurements contained in the Prafi swamp were different from the other two marshes. The results of the morphometric measurements show how the morphological characteristics of tilapia fish will have an impact on local fish and the amount of natural food in the Swamp.

scholarly journals Trypanosomatids (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) in three species of Armored Catfish from Mogi-Guaçu river, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pereira Molina ◽  
Rubens Riscala Madi ◽  
Vera Nisaka Solferini ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Ceccarelli ◽  
Hildete Prisco Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Average ◽  
Monthly Variations ◽  
Formation Of Groups

Abstract Trypanosome infections have been reported in several species of fish, in majority of cases described on the basis of morphological characteristics. Trypanosomes in fish are heteroxenous and transmitted by hirudineans. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and density of infections by Trypanosoma sp. in blood from three species of catfish, Hypostomus regani, H. strigaticeps, H. albopunctatus, from the Mogi Guaçu River, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. Further, this study intends to characterize the Trypanosoma specimens found in the blood of these fish by morphological and molecular techniques. The trypanosomes overall prevalence observed was 47.6% with a general average density of 0.75 parasites/µl of blood. Hypostomus regani and Hypostomus strigaticeps showed a significant difference in prevalence. The average densities of parasites were not significantly different among the three fish species. Similar findings were observed for the monthly variations in densities. The parasites found in the three species of catfish studied showed similar morphological characteristics. The morphological data and the statistical analyses used in this study didn’t show the formation of groups. The analyses provided evidence of the presence of pleomorphisms in the trypanosomes found in the three studied fish.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nutritional Quality Traits of a Common Bean Germplasm Collection

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Ester Murube ◽  
Romina Beleggia ◽  
Deborah Pacetti ◽  
Ancuta Nartea ◽  
Giulia Frascarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Food Legumes

Food legumes are at the crossroads of many societal challenges that involve agriculture, such as climate change and food sustainability and security. In this context, pulses have a crucial role in the development of plant-based diets, as they represent a very good source of nutritional components and improve soil fertility, such as by nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with rhizobia. The main contribution to promotion of food legumes in agroecosystems will come from plant breeding, which is guaranteed by the availability of well-characterized genetic resources. Here, we analyze seeds of 25 American and European common bean purified accessions (i.e., lines of single seed descent) for different morphological and compositional quality traits. Significant differences among the accessions and superior genotypes for important nutritional traits are identified, with some lines showing extreme values for more than one trait. Heritability estimates indicate the importance of considering the effects of environmental growth conditions on seed compositional traits. They suggest the need for more phenotypic characterization in different environments over different years to better characterize combined effects of environment and genotype on nutritional trait variations. Finally, adaptation following the introduction and spread of common bean in Europe seems to have affected its nutritional profile. This finding further suggests the relevance of evolutionary studies to guide breeders in the choice of plant genetic resources.

scholarly journals Seed longevity of maize conserved under germplasm bank conditions for up to 60 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Guzzon ◽  
Maraeva Gianella ◽  
Jose Alejandro Velazquez Juarez ◽  
Cesar Sanchez Cano ◽  
Denise E Costich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination Experiments

Abstract Background and Aims The long-term conservation of seeds of plant genetic resources is of key importance for food security and preservation of agrobiodiversity. Nevertheless, there is scarce information available about seed longevity of many crops under germplasm bank conditions. Methods Through germination experiments as well as the analysis of historical monitoring data, we studied the decline in viability manifested by 1000 maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) seed accessions conserved for an average of 48 years at the CIMMYT germplasm bank, the largest maize seedbank in the world, under two cold storage conditions: an active (–3 °C; intended for seed distribution) and a base conservation chamber (–15 °C; for long-term conservation). Key Results Seed lots stored in the active chamber had a significantly lower and more variable seed germination, averaging 81.4 %, as compared with the seed lots conserved in the base chamber, averaging 92.1 %. The average seed viability detected in this study was higher in comparison with that found in other seed longevity studies on maize conserved under similar conditions. A significant difference was detected in seed germination and longevity estimates (e.g. p85 and p50) among accessions. Correlating seed longevity with seed traits and passport data, grain type showed the strongest correlation, with flint varieties being longer lived than floury and dent types. Conclusions The more rapid loss of seed viability detected in the active chamber suggests that the seed conservation approach, based on the storage of the same seed accessions in two chambers with different temperatures, might be counterproductive for overall long-term conservation and that base conditions should be applied in both. The significant differences detected in seed longevity among accessions underscores that different viability monitoring and regeneration intervals should be applied to groups of accessions showing different longevity profiles.

scholarly journals First bioacoustic and morphological data for the presence of Pelophylax bedriagae in Bulgaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Simeon Lukanov ◽  
Georgi Popgeorgiev ◽  
Nikolay Tzankov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
Pelophylax Ridibundus ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
The Town ◽  
Pelophylax Bedriagae ◽  
Made In

AbstractWater frog mating calls from two localities were studied and analyzed. Recordings were made in the summer of 2010 at the Arkutino swamp near the town of Primorsko and at the Vurbitza River near the town of Momchilgrad. A total of 154 calls were analyzed and the results suggested the presence of both the Marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) and the Levant frog (Pelophylax bedriagae) in both sites, with the former being more frequent in Vurbitza River, and the latter – in Arkutino. At Vurbitza, we also captured and measured 2 specimens, which morphological characteristics differed from P. ridibundus and matched those of P. bedriagae. These are the first localities for P. bedriagae in Bulgaria.

Euphorbia mongoliensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
ER-HUAN ZANG ◽  
MING-XU ZHANG ◽  
WEN-LE WANG ◽  
CHUN-HONG ZHANG ◽  
MIN-HUI LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Flora Of China ◽  
A New Species

In May 2020, a new taxon of Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae was collected from a dry hillside of Dongsheng District, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. The morphological characteristics of the specimens analyzed differ from those of the known Euphorbia species from this region; therefore, we suspected this may be a new species, and we set to analyze the ITS2 sequences of some Euphorbia species. The results show that the new taxon belongs to the sect. Esula of Euphorbia subg. Esula. It is similar to Euphorbia esula (description from Flora of China) but does not belong to the same species. Concomitantly, plant morphological data and pollen morphology results show significant differences between the new taxon, E. esula and E. caesia, a finding that supports the delimitation of this new taxon, which is named Euphorbia mongoliensis in accordance with its geographical distribution.

scholarly journals Morphological Traits Among the Enset (Ensete Ventricosum) Landraces and Cultural Use of the Landraces for the Livelihood of People in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegnehu Tekalign ◽  
Newarinesh Feleke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum

Abstract BackgroundEnsete ventricosum is an important food crop consumed in the form of Bulla and Kocho mainly used in the southern parts of Ethiopia for their sustainable livelihood and ensuring food security. Besides, it is used as animal feed, as well as a source of medicine and fiber. This study was undertaken on the morphological traits among the Enset (Ensete ventricosum) landraces and cultural use of the landraces for the livelihood of people in Mareka woreda, Dawro zone, southern Ethiopia. The study was carried out in purposively selected four kebeles of Mareka district’s Dawro zone.ResultsA total of 145 (20 purposively selected key informants and 125 randomly selected respondents) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and field observation was also used to collect ethnobotanical data. The morphological traits were measured according to IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) descriptors for Enset. The data were analyzed by using computer software SPSS v 16.0 as well as Excel 2010 spreadsheet. A total of 33 Enset landraces were identified from the study area. Farmers gave the name for their landraces based on the morphological trait and sources of planting material. Identified landraces were grouped into five clusters based on their morphological trait variability. Mean plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference, leaf size, and numbers have significant differences among clusters. Cluster number five had the highest mean in plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference and cluster number three had the lowest mean. The highest landrace richness was recorded from Ocha (3.18) while the lowest was from Guta (2.56). The most abundant landraces were Amiya, Hoeya, Boza, Yaka, Bothena, Ontha, Adinona, Shasha, and Keteriya in the Mareka district.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the Dawro zone is rich in diversity of Enset, however, reduction in production and loss of some landraces was observed because of different factors. Therefore, attention must be given to the conservation and maintenances of Enset landraces by all the concerned bodies.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic Bacteria Play an Important Role in Endemism of Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007, a Full-Year Shooting Woody Bamboo

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Tize Xia ◽  
Lushuang Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Peitong Dou ◽  
Hanqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Soil Bacterial

The previous studies show soil microbes play a key role in the material and nutrient cycles in the forest ecosystem, but little is known about how soil microbes respond to plant distribution, especially in the soil bacterial community in woody bamboo forests. Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007 is known as the only bamboo species producing shoots all year round in natural conditions. Endemic to the Dawei mountain in Yunnan of China, this species is a good case to study how soil bacteria respond to plant endemic distribution. In this work, we assayed the soil chemical properties, enzyme activity, changes in the bacterial community along the distribution range of the C. pingbianense forest. The results showed that soil nutrients at the range edge were nitrogen-rich but phosphorus-deficient, and soil pH value and soil urease activity were significantly lower than that of the central range. No significant difference was detected in soil bacterial diversity, community composition, and function between the central and marginal range of C. pingbianense forest. Notably, the relative abundance of heterotrophy bacteria, such as Variibacter and Acidothermus, in the soil of the C. pingbianense forest was significantly higher than that of the outside range, which may lead to a higher soil organic carbon mineralization rate. These results imply that abundant heterotrophy bacteria were linked to the endemism and full-year shooting in C. pingbianense. Our study is amongst the first cases demonstrating the important role of heterotrophy bacteria in the distribution formation of endemic woody bamboos in special soil habitats, and provides insight into germplasm conservation and forest management in woody bamboos.

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