scholarly journals Silicon Improves the Production of High Antioxidant or Structural Phenolic Compounds in Barley Cultivars under Aluminum Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Vega ◽  
Miroslav Nikolic ◽  
Sofía Pontigo ◽  
Karina Godoy ◽  
María de La Luz Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the main growth and yield limiting factors for barley grown on acid soils. Silicon (Si) ameliorates Al toxicity as well as it promotes the phenolic compounds production that have antioxidant or structural role. We evaluated the time-dependent kinetics of Al and Si uptake and the impact of Si on the production of antioxidant- or structural- phenols in barley cultivars at the short-term. Two barley cultivars with contrasting Al tolerance (Hordeum vulgare ‘Sebastian’, Al tolerant; and H. vulgare ‘Scarlett’, Al sensitive), exposed to either −Al (0 mM) or +Al (0.2 mM) nutrient solutions without Si (−Si) or with 2 mM (+Si) were cultured for 48 h. Aluminum and Si concentration decreased in plants at all harvest times when Al and Si were simultaneously supplied; this effect was more noticeable in ‘Scarlett’. Nevertheless, Si influenced the antioxidant system of barley irrespective of the Al tolerance of the cultivar, decreasing oxidative damage and enhancing radical scavenging activity, the production of phenolic compounds, and lignin accumulation in barley with short-term exposure to Al.

scholarly journals The Impact of Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on the Exhaled Breath of Healthy Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Ariana Lammers ◽  
Anne H. Neerincx ◽  
Susanne J. H. Vijverberg ◽  
Cristina Longo ◽  
Nicole A. H. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
The Impact

Environmental factors, such as air pollution, can affect the composition of exhaled breath, and should be well understood before biomarkers in exhaled breath can be used in clinical practice. Our objective was to investigate whether short-term exposures to air pollution can be detected in the exhaled breath profile of healthy adults. In this study, 20 healthy young adults were exposed 2–4 times to the ambient air near a major airport and two highways. Before and after each 5 h exposure, exhaled breath was analyzed using an electronic nose (eNose) consisting of seven different cross-reactive metal-oxide sensors. The discrimination between pre and post-exposure was investigated with multilevel partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA), followed by linear discriminant and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, for all data (71 visits), and for a training (51 visits) and validation set (20 visits). Using all eNose measurements and the training set, discrimination between pre and post-exposure resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.76–0.89) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.75–0.92), whereas it decreased to 0.66 (95% CI = 0.48–0.84) in the validation set. Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution potentially influences the exhaled breath profiles of healthy adults, however, the effects may be minimal for regular daily exposures.

Regional determinants of arterial endothelial phenotype dominate the impact of gender or short-term exposure to a high-fat diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 332 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Passerini ◽  
Congzhu Shi ◽  
Nadeene M. Francesco ◽  
Peiying Chuan ◽  
Elisabetta Manduchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Endothelial Phenotype ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4822
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Shin ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
In Sook Kang ◽  
Eunhee Ha ◽  
Wook Bum Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aim: Previous studies have suggested that the short-term ambient air pollution and temperature are associated with myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to conduct a time-series analysis to assess the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and temperature on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among adults over 20 years of age in Korea by using the data from the Korean National Health Information Database (KNHID). Methods: The daily data of 192,567 AMI cases in Seoul were collected from the nationwide, population-based KNHID from 2005 to 2014. The monitoring data of ambient PM2.5 from the Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment were also collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) that allowed for a quasi-Poisson distribution was used to analyze the effects of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of AMI. Results: The models with PM2.5 lag structures of lag 0 and 2-day averages of lag 0 and 1 (lag 01) showed significant associations with AMI (Relative risk [RR]: 1.011, CI: 1.003–1.020 for lag 0, RR: 1.010, CI: 1.000–1.020 for lag 01) after adjusting the covariates. Stratification analysis conducted in the cold season (October–April) and the warm season (May–September) showed a significant lag 0 effect for AMI cases in the cold season only. Conclusions: In conclusion, acute exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with AMI morbidity at lag 0 in Seoul, Korea. This increased risk was also observed at low temperatures.

scholarly journals Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) Allowed the Determination of Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7584
Author(s):  
David Sánchez Peñaranda ◽  
Christine Bäuerl ◽  
Ana Tomás-Vidal ◽  
Miguel Jover-Cerdá ◽  
Guillem Estruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
The Impact

The interaction between diet and intestinal health has been widely discussed, although in vivo approaches have reported limitations. The intestine explant culture system developed provides an advantage since it reduces the number of experimental fish and increases the time of incubation compared to similar methods, becoming a valuable tool in the study of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria, rearing conditions, or dietary components and fish gut immune response. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the total substitution of fish meal by plants on the immune intestinal status of seabream using an ex vivo bacterial challenge. For this aim, two growth stages of fish were assayed (12 g): phase I (90 days), up to 68 g, and phase II (305 days), up to 250 g. Additionally, in phase II, the effects of long term and short term exposure (15 days) to a plant protein (PP) diet were determined. PP diet altered the mucosal immune homeostasis, the younger fish being more sensitive, and the intestine from fish fed short-term plant diets showed a higher immune response than with long-term feeding. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) triggered the highest immune and inflammatory response, while COX-2 expression was significantly induced by Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida (P. damselae subsp. Piscicida), showing a positive high correlation between the pro-inflammatory genes encoding interleukin 1β (IL1-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2).

Shape stability of chosen thin wood based panels after heating

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
MACIEJ SYDOR ◽  
Bartosz Pałubicki
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Thin Plate ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Shape stability of chosen thin wood based panels after heating. Lignocellulose board materials are commonly used for furniture construction. Typically, these are particle boards, fibreboard or plywood with thicknesses from 10 to 20 mm, however, some furniture elements are made of thin boards with a thickness of 3-4 mm (back walls, bottoms of drawers and others). Modern furniture uses built-in components that are a source of heat, such as lamps, power supplies, ovens. Local high temperature may negatively affect the shape stability of thin lignocellulose plates. The aim of the research described in this article was to determine the impact of shortterm exposure to high temperature on the dimensional stability of selected thin plate furniture materials. Four different HDF boards with nominal thicknesses of 3 mm and four different plywood boards with nominal thicknesses of 2 to 4 mm were tested. The test samples were subjected to a short-term exposure to temperatures of up to 250°C. As a result of the tests, it was found that HDF boards are characterized by a much higher shape stability at elevated temperature than boards made of plywood.

scholarly journals Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster reproduction and preadult mortality after the influence of microwave radiation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

A new type of anthropogenic impact – low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequencies (EHF EMR) demonstrates various genetic effects. The questions of the organism adaptive response formation to short-term exposure of EMR that depends on the individual’s genotype are of particular interest. The objective of this study was to analyze the reproductive ability and preadult mortality in Drosophila melanogaster with whiteapticot mutation after the influence of microwave radiation. We used D. melanogaster stocks that carry whiteapticot mutation, but differ in the genetic background on which this mutation is located: wa(C-S), wa(Or) and wa. Virgin flies were irradiated. The parameters of the external influence were power flux density W=10 μW/cm2, frequency F=65 GHz, exposure time t=5 minutes. The stages of embryo death, number of adult offspring, and mortality rate at the pupal stage were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the effect of electromagnetic radiation on virgin imagoes of Drosophila with an impaired tryptophan metabolism modifies the survival rate of the offspring at the preimaginal stages of ontogenesis. In the offspring of young flies (at the age of 3–8 days) the frequency of embryonic mortality decreases during the 0–5.5 hours period (initial stages of cleavage and blastoderm formation) and 5.5–17 hours period (stage of gastrulation and embryo segmentation, histogenesis) of embryogenesis. The total number of offspring at the adult stage does not differ from the control values; the mortality rate at the pupal stage also does not change in the offspring of young parents after exposure to EMR. An increase in the age of parental couples that were exposed to short-term EMR on the first day after eclosion from pupae (20–25 days aged) leads to a decrease in the embryonic mortality rate of offspring during the 17–22 hours of embryogenesis (organogenesis stage and larval exit from chorion). The total embryonic mortality rate is determined solely by the age of the parents. The strength of this factor for the stocks is h2wa=69.7 %, h2wa(C-S)=52.2 % and h2wa(Or)=64.9 % respectively. The impact of EMR affects the embryonic mortality rate only for the wa(Or) (h2EMR=18.3 %). External exposure does not change the number of imago offspring in individuals aged 0–5 days; the number of adult offspring increased by 1,2 times in individuals aged 20–25 days in the stock wa(C-S). A decrease in the number of dead individuals at the pupal stage in the descendants of 20–25-day-old parents after exposure to EMR EHF on average by three times was shown.

scholarly journals The Impact of Long-and Short-Term Strontium Treatment on Metabolites and Minerals in Glycine max

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaka ◽  
Dresler ◽  
Wójciak-Kosior ◽  
Strzemski ◽  
Kováčik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
The Impact

The impact of long-term exposure to Sr2+ (LTE, four doses, 43.5 mg Sr2+ per pot, with a total of 174 mg Sr2+ per pot during the entire period of cultivation) and short-term exposure to Sr2+ (STE, one dose, 870 mg Sr2+ per pot four days before harvest) on the content of phytoestrogens and allantoin in soybeans were compared. Sr2+ accumulation, the effect on the concentration of macroelements, and basic physiology were also analyzed. LTE reduced the content of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in the roots (58% and 50% compared to the control, respectively). STE increased the amount of all isoflavones in the stem and genistein in the leaves and decreased the content of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in the leaves (55% and 48% compared to the control, respectively) and roots (69% and 62% of the control, respectively) as well as genistein and coumestrol in the roots (both 50% compared to the control). Sr2+ presence stimulated the accumulation of allantoin in the roots (three-fold higher than in the control), but only STE had similar effects on the shoots. In contrast to LTE, Sr2+ was transported extensively from the roots to the leaves under STE. In comparison to the control, LTE resulted in an increase in the Ca content in the stem by 36%, whereas Ca2+ accumulation in the leaves, stems, and roots increased by 60%, 80%, and 36%, respectively, under STE. Additionally, a significant accumulation of K was found only in the roots of the LTE group. The chlorophyll content did not differ between the treatments. Overall, the production of phytoestrogens and Sr accumulation were affected by both the applied dose and the duration of exposure to Sr.

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