scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Glucoamylase Enzymes Alone or in Combination with a Neutral Protease on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Feces D-Lactate in Crossbred Angus Bulls Fed a Ration Rich in Rolled Corn

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Maria Devant ◽  
Shukun Yu ◽  
Sandra Genís ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Li Wenting
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Beef Bulls

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two glucoamylases (GA) and the combination of one GA with a neutral protease on apparent total tract digestibility in beef bulls fed a total mixed ration (TMR) rich in rolled corn. Sixteen Angus beef bulls (266 ± 4.9 kg of initial BW, and 182 ± 1.7 d of age) were distributed in 4 blocks, each block consisted of 4 animals balanced by BW. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square (4 blocks and 4 periods, 2 w per period). Four treatments were tested; (1) control, (2) GA preparation from Trichoderma reesei (TrGA); (3) GA from Aspergillus fumigatus (AfuGA); (4) AfuGA in combination with a neutral protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BamPro). Apparent total tract digestibility and fecal D-lactate concentration were analyzed. Enzyme supplementation, regardless of enzyme type, increased apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (from 66.7% to 73.1% ± 2.01), and starch (from 74.7% to 81.8% ± 2.25), without affecting feces D-lactate concentration. Irrespective of glucoamylase type, glucoamylase supplementation improved apparent digestibility of dry matter and starch, and the addition of a protease did not have additional benefits on nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals PSVI-5 Effects of exogenous glucoamylase enzymes or a combination with a neutral protease on total tract apparent digestibility and feces D-lactate in bulls fed a total mixed ration rich in rolled corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Maria Devant ◽  
Shukun Yu ◽  
Sandra Genis ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Wenting Li
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 glucoamylases (GA) and the combination of one GA with a neutral protease on total tract apparent digestibility in bulls fed a total mixed ration (TMR) rich in rolled corn. Sixteen Angus beef bulls (266 ± 4.9 kg of initial BW, and 182 ± 1.7 d of age) were housed individually in pens and were distributed in 4 blocks of 4 animals balanced by BW. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin square (4 blocks and 4 periods) with periods of 2 wks. Four treatments were tested; 1) control, a blank solution of 0.2% potassium sorbate and 0.6% sodium benzoate corresponding to the preservatives used in the enzyme preparation, 2) a GA preparation from Trichoderma reesei; 3) a GA preparation from Aspergillus fumigatus; 4) and a GA from Aspergillus fumigatus and a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens neutral protease preparation. These enzyme solutions were daily mixed was mixed in a dry TMR with 70% of rolled corn at a rate of 10 mL for 40 kg TMR. From day 8 to 14 chromium oxide (1 mg/kg) was mixed with the diet and from day 12 to 14 feces were collected to estimate total tract apparent digestibility and D-lactate concentration. Intake was recorded daily. Enzyme supplementation, regardless of enzyme type, increased (P < 0.05) DM (from 66.7% to 73.1% ± 2.01), OM (from 66.7% to 72.9% ± 2.03), and starch (from 74.7% to 81.8% ± 2.25) total tract apparent digestibility, and did not affect feces D-lactate concentration (1.26 vs 1.00 ± 0.200 mM for control and enzyme supplemented, respectively). So, any of the enzyme preparations tested (glucoamylases from Trichoderma reesei or Aspergillus fumigatus, or Aspergillus fumigatus glucoamylase n combination with the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens protease) increased by 9.5% starch digestibility.

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 133-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

scholarly journals Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

2013 ◽  
pp. 3444-3451
Author(s):  
René Patiño P ◽  
Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽  
José C. Da Silva Filho ◽  
Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽  
Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

scholarly journals Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo S Goulart ◽  
Ricardo A M Vieira ◽  
Joao L P Daniel ◽  
Rafael C Amaral ◽  
Vanessa P Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Residence Times

Abstract The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of α-amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) from roughage on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics in beef cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 ± 12 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets: 10% aNDF from corn silage (10CS); 20% aNDF from corn silage (20CS); or four diets containing 10% aNDF from corn silage and 10% aNDF from one of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). The parameters of passage and degradation kinetics were estimated based on a two-compartmental model with gamma- and exponential-distributed residence times. The nonlinear models were fitted by nonlinear least squares, and a linear mixed-effects model was fitted to all variables measured from the Latin square design that were related to intake, digestibility, digestion kinetic parameters, and residence times. Mean particle size (MPS) between roughage sources (CS, SCB, and SC) and coproducts (SH and LOCH) was affected (P &lt; 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by 20CS, SC, SH, or LOCH. Steers fed 20CS or LOCH diets had 16% and 20% greater DMI, respectively, (P &lt; 0.05) than steers fed 10CS diet. Steers fed SCB consumed the least dry matter (DM). The SH and LOCH diets had lower MPS values (about 8.77 mm) in comparison to 20CS, SCB, and SC diets (about 13.08 mm) and, consequently, affected (P &lt; 0.05) rumen content, ruminal in situ disappearance, nutrient digestibility, and solid fractional passage rate. Chewing time was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by roughage sources and concentration. Lower values of distance travel inside the rumen (min/cm) were observed (P &lt; 0.05) for the SCB and SC diets in comparison with any other diet. Except for SCB, there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in rumen fill, among other treatments. Mean daily ruminal pH was not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by 20CS, SCB, SC, and LOCH diets, and it ranged from 6.1 to 6.23. Total short-chain fatty acids concentration was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by roughage source and concentration. Based on our results, we recommend that under Brazilian finishing diets, replacing roughage sources, except for SCB, based on aNDF concentration of the roughage in high-concentrate diets containing finely ground flint corn does not affect DMI.

The effects of zeranol and oestradiol implants on performance and nutrient digestibility of zero-grazed White Fulani cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
O. T. Soyelu ◽  
A. O. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Fulani

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two growth-promoting implants (zeranol and oestradiol-17β) on performance and feed digestibility of finishing White Fulani cattle in the feedlot. This was with a view to determining an alternative means of enhancing cattle performance without grazing the animals. Methods A 60-day feedlot trial was conducted using 27 stocker White Fulani bulls that were allotted randomly to three treatment groups (i.e. non-implanted, oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted) in a completely randomised experimental design. Cattle were offered a compounded feedlot ration consisting of 14% crude protein ad libitum. The bulls were weighed initially and fortnightly thereafter for the duration of the study. Coefficients of dry matter and nutrients digestibility were determined using lignin as an internal marker. Data were analysed using the general linear model procedure of ANOVA and mean values were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (l.s.d.0.05). Key results The average final liveweight, total weight gain, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of implanted feedlot cattle were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than for non-implanted cattle; and higher in oestradiol-implanted cattle compared with zeranol-implanted ones. The ADG was 29.16 and 20.48% higher, and the ADFI was 35.06 and 18.18% higher for oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted feedlot cattle, respectively than for non-implanted cattle. Irrespective of the treatment, feed conversion ratio of experimental bulls remained below the range (4.5–7.5) established for feedlot beef cattle; an indication of better efficiency of feed utilisation by White Fulani cattle. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (59.76–64.31%) of the feedlot ration was in the order: non-implanted = oestradiol-implanted &gt; zeranol-implanted while the apparent digestibility of crude protein (73.91–77.99%) was in the order: non-implanted &gt; oestradiol-implanted = zeranol-implanted. Conclusions and implications The results of this study show that the use of an oestradiol implant in finishing zero-grazed White Fulani cattle was beneficial for improving growth performance. Both implanted and non-implanted cattle showed good coefficients of nutrient digestibility, indicating that the mode of action of the growth implants in enhancing performance characteristics does not depend on indices of digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of storage of wet brewer’s grains with incremental levels of salt on apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility and purine derivative excretion in dairy heifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hatungimana ◽  
Tess C Stahl ◽  
Peter S Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Fat Digestibility

Abstract Objectives of this study were to evaluate apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility and purine derivative (PD) excretion in dairy heifers limit-fed diets containing wet brewer’s grains (WBG) treated with salt. A 12-wk replicated 4×4 Latin square was conducted using 8 Holstein heifers of 224.5 ± 19.4 d of age, and body weight (BW) of 219.2 ± 28.1 kg (mean ± SD). Fresh WBG were treated with 0%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% salt and stored for 4 d before being fed. Salt was added either to the WBG or separately to equalize the amount of salt in the diet. The diet contained 9% grass silage, 47% corn silage, 19% corn meal, 17.6% WBG and salt, 2% soybean meal (SBM), and 3% mineral mix. Diets were formulated to be limit-fed at 2.15% of BW, provide 14% crude protein (CP) and 2.27 Mcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg of dry matter (DM). Heifers were adapted to diets for 14 d followed by a 7-d collection period. Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily during the collection week while BW was recorded once a week. Urine and fecal samples were collected during the last 4 d of the collection period. Acid insoluble ash was used as an internal marker to determine apparent nutrient digestibility. Weight loss of WBG during storage was determined from d 1 to d 11 and initial and final yeast and mold counts were determined. Final yeast counts were similar among treatments while final mold counts tended to be lesser (P = 0.07) for the 0.8 and 1.6% salt treatments. Urinary volume was similar among treatments while allantoin (P = 0.14), and uric acid (P &lt; 0.01) and total PD excretion tended to increase (P = 0.13) quadratically. Dry matter intake was varied by treatment (linear, quadratic, and cubic effects P &lt; 0.01). Heifers fed the 0.8% treatment had the least DMI. Non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.04) as salt increased. Digestibilities of DM, and organic matter (OM), tended to decrease (P &lt; 0.10) with increasing levels of salt added to WBG. Fat digestibility was quadratic with the greatest value for the 1.6% treatment. Treating WBG with salt reduced its deterioration based on lesser mold counts for the 0.8 and 1.6% treatments. These treatments had resulted in greater fat digestibility and tended to have increased PD excretion suggesting improved microbial protein synthesis.

Effect of early weaning age on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Chai ◽  
T. Ma ◽  
H.-C. Wang ◽  
M.-L. Qi ◽  
Y. Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Weaning Age

To determine the effect of a weaning program on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters in Hu lambs, 48 newly born twin lambs (2.53 ± 0.13 kg; 24 male and 24 female) were randomly divided into four treatments: ewe reared (ER) or weaned at 10, 20, or 30 days post birth (EW10, EW20, and EW30) and fed milk replacer (MR). All liquid feed were eliminated at 60 days of age. Creep feed was offered ad libitum to all lambs from 15 to 90 days of age. The results indicated that lambs fed MR had higher liveweight, average daily gain, and creep feed intake (P < 0.001) than those in the ER group. There were no differences between treatments in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen or phosphorus (P > 0.05) from 50 to 60 days of age. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus of EW20 and EW30 groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of EW10 and ER groups from 80 to 90 days of age. Lambs in the EW10 group had higher concentration of albumin, serum urea nitrogen, and immunoglobulin G levels than those of other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, early weaning could improve creep intake, growth performance, and nutrient utilisation of Hu lambs. Early weaning age had a significant effect on the growth of lambs.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementing wheat offal with varied graded levels of sugarcane scrapping on utilisation of sorghum panicle fed Red Sokoto buck Keyw

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
H. Y. Adamu ◽  
A. M. Bolakale ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

Soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp as a partial forage replacer in equine diets when ponies are offered grass hay ad libitum

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

There is increased interest in using sugar beet pulp (SBP) products as forage replacers in equine diets. Previous work (Hyslop et al 1998) has indicated that SBP products may suppress voluntary feed intake (VFI) in ponies when they are the major fibre source at between 550-700 g/kg total diet dry matter (DM). This study examines VFI and apparent digestibility in vivo where soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP) was offered as a partial forage replacement to ponies receiving ad libitum grass hay.Four mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (280 kg LW s.e. 6.6) were individually housed and offered 0.86 kg/d of micronised barley (MB) and given ad libitum access to grass hay (HAY). In addition, ponies were offered either 0, 1, 2, or 3 kg/d USBP (U0, U1, U2 and U3 respectively) according to a 4 x 4 latin square changeover experimental design.

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