scholarly journals Evaluation of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Pre-Pupae Raised on Household Organic Waste, as Potential Ingredients for Poultry Feed

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyonori Kawasaki ◽  
Yuka Hashimoto ◽  
Akihiro Hori ◽  
Toshiya Kawasaki ◽  
Hirofumi Hirayasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Poultry Diets

Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and pre-pupae could be satisfactorily raised on household organic waste and used as poultry feed, offering a potential sustainable way to recycle untapped resources of waste. The present study was conducted to determine if whole (non-defatted) BSF larvae and pre-pupae raised on experimental household waste could substitute soybean meal and oil as ingredients for laying hen diets. While no significant differences in feed intake and the egg-laying rate of hens were observed throughout the experiment, egg weight and eggshell thickness were greater in the pre-pupae-fed group than in the other groups. Moreover, although diversity of the cecal microbiota was significantly higher in the pre-pupae-fed than in the control group, no significant differences in bacterial genera known to cause food poisoning were observed when comparing the treatment groups. Nonetheless, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations were significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group. Fat content in BSF was possibly related with the changes in the cecal microbiota. Hence, since BSF fat was deficient in essential fatty acids, special attention should be paid to the fat content and its fatty acid composition in the case of regular inclusion of BSF larvae and pre-pupae oil as an ingredient in poultry diets.

scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Meal as a Promising Feed Ingredient for Poultry: A Comprehensive Review

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd El-Hack ◽  
Manal Shafi ◽  
Wed Alghamdi ◽  
Sameh Abdelnour ◽  
Abdelrazeq Shehata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Protein Rich

Insects could be a potential replacement of protein-rich ingredients in poultry diets. Among these insects, black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has a high content of protein and fat, which reinforces the potential of using it in poultry feed formulation and makes it one of the most promising insect species for commercial production. Protein content as well as amino acid profile in H. illucens larvae is comparable to those in many protein-rich feedstuffs such as fish meal and soybean meal. BSF can convert organic wastes into a precious source of nutrients, such as proteins, lipids, and chitin, which contribute to reducing the environmental burden and pollution potential arising from organic waste accumulation. This review emphasizes the significance of this insect as a “green” technology in the extremely variable recycling of organic waste and generates a sustainable protein source as well as the importance of its use as a substitute of protein-rich feedstuff in poultry feed manufacturing.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) —a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary oxidized oil on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical indices in poultry – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Ghulam Yaseen ◽  
Fehmeeda Bibi ◽  
Muhammad Awais Sarfraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Oxidized Oil ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

AbstractLipids (fats and oils) are concentrated source of energy in poultry diets that improves palatability, feed consistency, provides essential fatty acids and increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Fresh oil is an expensive energy source and its exposure to air, heat, metallic catalyst during storage and processing may lead to its oxidative deterioration. This review highlights the response of modern poultry to dietary oxidized oil on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, gut health, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood chemistry and tissue oxidative status. Literature shows that in moderately (peroxide value (PV): 20 to 50 meq kg−1) and highly (PV: 50 to 100 meq kg−1 or above) oxidized oils, lipid peroxidation causes rancid odours and flavours that negatively affect feed palatability, reduces intestinal villus height that decreases the surface area available for nutrients absorption. The oxidation products also damage fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) in blood resulting in an oxidative stress. The use of oxidized oil in poultry diets has no significant effect on dressing percentage, pH and meat colour, whereas carcass weight decreases and drip loss of meat increases. Overall, there is a contradictory data regarding the influence of oxidized oil in poultry feed depending on the PV and inclusion levels. The reviewed literature shows that the use of mildly oxidized (PV < 20 meq kg−1) oil in poultry feed with 4 to 5% inclusion level decreases the feed cost and ultimately cost of poultry production without compromising their growth performance. It can, therefore, partially replace fresh oil as an efficient, cost effective and sustainable energy source in poultry diets.

scholarly journals System development for production of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) in small scale, using wild flies

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e20311124747
Author(s):  
Sandro Morais dos Santos ◽  
Paolo Lages Sequenzia ◽  
Elias Barbosa Rodrigues ◽  
Isabela Parolis Martins ◽  
Arlen Nicson Lopes Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Technological innovation in rural areas guarantees the maintenance and subsistence  of rural producers. Additionally, it is mandatory to use strategies aimed at reducing costs in animal production and reducing the environmental impact involved, making it challenging in the current global scenario. Thus, it is necessary to develop new alternative methods of production aimed at small scales, which can be implemented in small properties with reduced capital investment. In this sense, the objective was to describe the development of a system capable of inducing the production of black soldier fly larvae-BSFL (Hermetia illucens) through the attractiveness of egg laying of wild adults. To make the larvae production system, the following were needed: a plastic drum, with a capacity of 200 liters, 10 meters of 8mm silk rope, 1.5 m2 of wire mesh with 25mm x 20mm mesh, 1 m2 3mm x 2mm nylon mesh, plastic faucet for draining the slurry, one meter of 20mm diameter hose, two plastic containers with capacity of 20 liters for collecting the slurry and pre-pupae; besides equipment for cutting and finishing the drum. The System was supplied with organic plant material from daily household disposal, and other plant residues produced on the property. The development of this System can provide great social and economic viability, as it can be implemented in small rural properties for the treatment of organic waste. The mechanism presented good performance for the recycling of organic waste, and also for the production of BSFL, with satisfactory quantity collected daily.

scholarly journals Influence de l’huile de soja sur le poids et la taille des œufs des poules pondeuses « Warren »

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 16071-16077
Author(s):  
Clarisse Kinonton KONE YELAKAN ◽  
René Ahua KOFFI ◽  
Louis Guichard BOHOUA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acides Gras

La qualité des aliments de ponte est l’élément le plus important duquel dépendent les caractéristiques physiques et nutritionnelles des œufs. L’incorporation d’huiles végétales dans l’alimentation des pondeuses confère à cette alimentation, un apport en acides gras essentiels tel que l’acide linoléique. L’huile de soja est une huile végétale riche en acides gras polyinsaturés et a une forte concentration en acide linoléique, essentiel au bon fonctionnement de la ponte. Objectif : Ce présent travail se propose d’évaluer les effets de la supplémentation des aliments ponte à l’huile de soja sur le poids et la taille des œufs de poules pondeuses Warren. Méthodologie et résultats : L’expérience a porté sur 150 Warren de 20 semaines d’âge (entrée en ponte), scindés en 3 lots de 50 poules chacun. L’huile de soja a été introduite dans les aliments à raison de 0% (Lot 1 : Témoin), 2% (Lot 2) et 4% (Lot 3). Les aliments ainsi fabriqués ont été distribués quotidiennement aux poules. Les premières données de l’expérience ont été recueillies après un mois de ponte (25e semaine). Ces données ont permis de déterminer le poids et la taille des œufs collectés. Après 7 mois d’expérience, les résultats ont montré qu’une supplémentation de 2% et 4% d’huile de soja a permis d’améliorer le poids respectivement de 2,49 g et 1.36 g. Pour la taille des œufs, l’incorporation d’huile de soja à 2% et 4% donne des valeurs similaires mais supérieures à celles du lot témoins (0%). Conclusions et application des résultats : L’huile de soja se présente donc comme un outil d’amélioration du rendement des productions avicoles. Une application de l’utilisation de cette huile dans l’alimentation des volailles serait un atout pour le secteur avicole et permettra une amélioration du revenu des producteurs Mots clés : Aliments de ponte, huile de soja, acide linoléique, œufs. Yelakan et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Influence de l’huile de soja sur le poids et la taille des œufs des poules pondeuses « Warren » 16072 Influence of soybean oil on the weight and size of the eggs of laying hens "warren" ABSTRACT The quality of the laying feed is the most important element on which the physical and nutritional characteristics of eggs depend. The incorporation of vegetable oils in the diet of the layers gives this diet a supply of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Soybean oil is a vegetable oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and has a high concentration of linoleic acid, which is essential for proper egg laying function. Objective: This present work aims to evaluate the effects of soybean oil laying feed supplementation on the weight and size of eggs from Warren laying hens. Methodology and results: The experiment involved 150 Warren 20 weeks old (entry laying egg), divided into 3 lots of 50 hens each. Soybean oil was introduced into foods at a rate of 0% (Lot 1: Control), 2% (Lot 2) and 4% (Lot 3). The feed thus produced was daily distributed to the hens. The first data of the experiment were recorded after one month of laying (25th week). These data allowed to determine the weight and size of the collected eggs. After 7 months of experience, results showed that supplementation of 2% and 4% soybean oil improved respectively the weight to 2.49 g and 1.36 g. For the size of the eggs, the incorporation of 2% and 4% soybean oil gives similar values but higher than those of the control lot (0%). Conclusions and application of the results: Soybean oil is therefore seen as a mean for improving the yield of poultry production. An application of the use of this oil in poultry feed would be an asset for the poultry sector and will improve the income of producers. Key words: egg laying feed, soybean oil, linoleic acid, eggs

scholarly journals Pengaruh dan Efektivitas Maggot Sebagai Proses Alternatif Penguraian Sampah Organik Kota di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurcholis Salman ◽  
Estin Nofiyanti ◽  
Tazkia Nurfadhilah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
P Value ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Experimental Design Method ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Organic Waste Treatment

<p>One of the organic waste treatment using the bioconversion process of the Black Soldier Fly larvae or commonly called Maggot. This study aims to determine the total amount of waste produced from bioconversion and to determine the effect of variable type of waste on Maggot growth. The types of samples used are household waste, melon waste, chicory waste and tofu waste as a control. The research method uses the True Experimental Design method with the Posttest Only Control Design research design. The study began with hatching of 1 gram Black Soldier Fly eggs which were then incubated for four days. Analysis of the study was conducted when Maggot was 7 days old with the number of feeding varied per feed. The results showed that total organic waste decomposed varied in each sample, namely the average total waste of 8122.1 grams, 1859.7 grams, 1320.3 grams and 1683.3 grams. The percentage of waste showed 74.6% for samples without mashed and 87.1% for mashed samples. The type of waste gives a significant influence on the growth of Maggot the value of sig. 0.024 (sig. P value &lt;sig. Value)</p>

scholarly journals PRODUKSI MAGGOT BSF (BLACK SOLDIER FLY) SEBAGAI PAKAN YANG DIBUDIDAYA DENGAN MEDIA YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Nefi Andriana Fajri ◽  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Restaurant Waste

This study aimed to determine the production of BSF maggots as feed cultivated with different media. The research material was 6 grams of BSF larvae eggs. The method used in this study was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) where there were four treatments three times repetition so that 12 experimental units were obtained. The experiment consisted of P0 = rice bran, P1 = market waste, P2 = household waste, and P3 = Restaurant Waste. The results showed that BSF maggot production used different media against rice bran, market waste, household waste, and restaurant waste had a significant effect (P> 0.05) on the maggot production. The best treatment is in the P3 treatment, and the lowest treatment is in the P0 treatment, where the P3 treatment uses a comparison of the restaurant's organic waste media with the same amount, namely 7.3 kg to 21 days of age from 0.50 grams of BSF maggot eggs and is able to produce 2816.66 adult maggot gram

FORMATION OF QUALITY AND FOOD VALUE OF POULTRY PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.В. КАЗАРЯН ◽  
А.С. БОРОДИХИН ◽  
А.Д. АЧМИЗ ◽  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
П.В. МИРОШНИЧЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Experimental Group

Проведена сравнительная оценка качества и пищевой ценности мяса цыплятбройлеров и яиц курнесушек, полученных от птиц опытной группы, в рацион которых добавляли в течение 6 и 4 недель соответственно кормовой концентрат, включающий комплекс биологически активных веществ и пробиотическую микрофлору, в количестве 0,3 к массе корма. В качестве контрольной была группа птиц, получавших только основной рацион. Установлено, что содержание белка и жира в мясе цыплятбройлеров опытной группы выше на 7,02 и 2,44 соответственно по сравнению с содержанием белка и жира в мясе цыплятбройлеров контрольной группы. Содержание фосфолипидов, витаминов А и Е в мясе цыплятбройлеров опытной группы соответственно в 2,12 2,4 и 2,2 раза выше по сравнению с аналогичным показателем контрольной группы. При исследовании кулинарных свойств мяса цыплятбройлеров установлено, что суммарная балльная оценка вареного фарша, приготовленного из мяса цыплятбройлеров опытной группы, составила 46,0 баллов, контрольной группы 40,5 баллов, бульона 39,8 и 38,0 баллов соответственно. Введение комплексного кормового концентрата в рацион молодняка курнесушек способствовало получению большего количества яиц (на 17,1) более высокой пищевой ценности по сравнению с аналогичными показателями контрольной группы. Установлено, что в яйцах, полученных от курнесушек опытной группы, содержится жира на 11,52, фосфолипидов в 2,08 раза, витаминов А и Е соответственно в 2,66 и 2,27 раза больше, чем в яйцах от курнесушек контрольной группы. Содержание вкаротина в желтке яиц от курнесушек опытной группы в 4,4 раза выше, чем в желтке яиц от курнесушек контрольной группы. Comparative evaluation of quality and nutritive value of meat of broiler chickens and egg laying hens, obtained from birds of the experimental group in which diet was added for 6 and 4 weeks respectively feed concentrate including biologically active substances and probiotic microflora in the amount of 0,3 by weight of the feed carried out. The group of birds obtained only the basic diet was as a control. It was found that the protein and fat content in the meat of broiler chickens of the experimental group is higher compared to the protein and fat content in the meat of broiler chickens of the control group by 7,02 and 2,44 respectively. The content of phospholipids, vitamins A and E in the meat of broiler chickens of the experimental group respectively in 2,12 2,4 and 2,2 times higher compared to the control group. In the study of culinary properties of meat of broiler chickens found that the total scoring of boiled minced meat prepared from meat of chickensbroilers experimental group amounted to 46,0 points, the control group is 40,5 points, broth 39,8 and 38,0 points respectively. The introduction of a complex feed concentrate in the diet of young laying hens contributes to the production of more eggs (on 17,1) of higher nutritional value compared to the control group. It was found that eggs obtained from laying hens of the experimental group contain fat by 11,52, phospholipids by 2,08 times, vitamins A and E respectively by 2,66 and 2,27 times more than eggs from laying hens of the control group. The content of вcarotene in the yolk of eggs from laying hens of the experimental group is 4,4 times higher than in the yolk of eggs from laying hens of the control group.

Experimental increase in female mass during the fertile phase leads to enhanced extra-pair paternity in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Plaza ◽  
Alejandro Cantarero ◽  
Juan Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wing Loading ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Fertile Phase ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Female mass in most altricial birds reaches its maximum during breeding at egg-laying, which coincides temporally with the fertile phase when extra-pair paternity (EPP) is determined. Higher mass at laying may have two different effects on EPP intensity. On the one hand, it would lead to increased wing loading (body mass/wing area), which may impair flight efficiency and thereby reduce female’s capacity to resist unwanted extra-pair male approaches (sexual conflict hypothesis). On the other hand, it would enhance female condition, favouring her capacity to evade mate-guarding and to search for extra-pair mates (female choice hypothesis). In both cases, higher female mass at laying may lead to enhanced EPP. To test this prediction, we reduced nest building effort by adding a completely constructed nest in an experimental group of female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Our treatment caused an increase in mass and thereby wing loading and this was translated into a significantly higher EPP in the manipulated group compared with the control group as expected. There was also a significant negative relationship between EPP and laying date and the extent of the white wing patch, an index of female dominance. More body reserves at laying mean not only a higher potential fecundity but a higher level of EPP as well. This interaction had not previously received due attention but should be considered in future studies of avian breeding strategies.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

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