scholarly journals Isoflurane and Carbon Dioxide Elicit Similar Behavioral Responses in Rats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Satyajit Kulkarni ◽  
Debra Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dark Chamber ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Exposure Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Isoflurane Treatment

Euthanasia in rodents is an ongoing topic of debate due to concerns regarding the aversive nature of gases with anesthetic properties such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and isoflurane. The aim of this study was to expand upon previously published work evaluating the aversiveness of CO2 by introducing an isoflurane treatment group in parallel. Aversion was tested using a forced exposure setup and an aversion-avoidance setup. In the first part of the study, 12 naïve female Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed during four consecutive days, once to each of four treatments: isoflurane, fox urine, oxygen, and CO2. In the second part of the study, 24 naïve female Sprague–Dawley rats and 12 rats from the first experiment were exposed to CO2, isoflurane, or both gases. In the forced exposure study, there were no significant differences between CO2 and isoflurane treatments except in line crosses. Overall, rats were more active in the isoflurane and CO2 treatments compared to the control groups, suggesting that isoflurane and CO2 are similarly aversive. In the aversion-avoidance study, rats previously exposed to isoflurane left the dark chamber significantly earlier compared to naïve rats during exposure to isoflurane. We also show that learned aversion to isoflurane is sustained for at least 15 days after initial exposure. Given this result, we suggest that CO2 is superior to isoflurane when euthanizing rodents with prior exposure to isoflurane. Overall, these results confirm previous studies which suggest that care should be taken when considering the serial use of isoflurane as an anesthetic.

scholarly journals Aversion to Desflurane and Isoflurane in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Frost ◽  
Maaria Shah ◽  
Vivian S.Y. Leung ◽  
Daniel S.J. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Carbon dioxide and isoflurane are widely used for killing rats, yet may not truly achieve “euthanasia”, because they elicit aversion. The inhalant anesthetic desflurane is faster acting than isoflurane, representing a potential refinement. Using an aversion-avoidance paradigm, 24 rats were exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 12 per group) at initial exposure. Fourteen rats were then re-exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 7 per group), after a 7 days washout period. Initial exposure: time to recumbency was faster for desflurane than isoflurane (p = 0.0008, 95% CI [-12.9 to 32.6 s]), with 9/12 and 6/12 rats becoming recumbent, respectively. At initial exposure, there was no difference between groups in time to withdrawal (p = 0.714). At re-exposure, all rats withdrew and no rats became recumbent. Time to withdrawal at re-exposure did not differ between treatment groups (p = 0.083). Compared to initial exposure, time to withdrawal during re-exposure was similar for isoflurane (p = 0.228) and faster with desflurane (p = 0.012, 95% CI [19.1 to 49.5 s]). Isoflurane and desflurane are similarly aversive, with aversion increasing at re-exposure. The shorter time from exposure to recumbency with desflurane indicates that any distress is of a shorter duration when compared with isoflurane.

scholarly journals Lodenafil treatment in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Bastos Polonio ◽  
Milena Marques Pagliareli Acencio ◽  
Rogério Pazetti ◽  
Francine Maria de Almeida ◽  
Bárbara Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

We assessed the effects of lodenafil on hemodynamics and inflammation in the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control; monocrotaline (experimental model); and lodenafil (experimental model followed by lodenafil treatment, p.o., 5 mg/kg daily for 28 days) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was obtained by right heart catheterization. We investigated right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and IL-1 levels in lung fragments. The number of cases of RVH was significantly higher in the monocrotaline group than in the lodenafil and control groups, as were mPAP and IL-1 levels. We conclude that lodenafil can prevent monocrotaline-induced PH, RVH, and inflammation.

KELULUT HONEY SUPPLEMENTATION PREVENTS SPERM AND TESTICULAR OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Balkis Budin ◽  
Fatin Farhana Jubaidi ◽  
Siti Nur Farahana Mohd Noor Azam ◽  
Nur Liyana Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Izatus Shima Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Previous studies found that Kelulut Honey produced by Trigona spp. bees is able to prevent oxidative damage in various pathological conditions.  Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether Kelulut Honey could prevent the sperm and testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Non-Diabetic (NDM), Non-Diabetic with Kelulut Honey supplementation (NDMKH), Diabetic without supplementation (DM) and Diabetic with Kelulut Honey supplementation (DMKH).  Kelulut honey was given at the dose of 2.0 g/kg weight daily via gavage for 28 consecutive days. Results showed that sperm quality produced by diabetic rats supplemented with Kelulut honey significantly improved compared to the diabetic control groups (p<0.05). SOD activity and GSH level increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas PC and MDA levels significantly decreased in sperm and testis of DMKH rats when compared to DM rats (p<0.05). Histological observation showed obvious increase in spermatozoa in the lumen of epididymis and increased spermatogenic cells density in the testis of DMKH group.  In conclusion, Kelulut Honey has a potential in preventing the damage of sperm and testis in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Early Occurrence of Spontaneous Tumors in CD-1 Mice and Sprague—Dawley Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Chan Son ◽  
Chirukandath Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Young Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Early Occurrence ◽  
General Profile

It is sometimes difficult to assess the relevance of tumors that occur in treated animals in short-term studies. This report is intended to establish a general profile of tumor occurrence in young control CD-1 mice and Sprague—Dawley rats. Data from 20 rat and 20 mouse carcinogenicity studies conducted between 1990 and 2002 at Huntingdon Life Sciences, UK, were collected and evaluated. The route of administration was either dietary or oral gavage, and the analysis was confined to sporadic deaths (decedents) in control groups occurring during the first 50 weeks of study. In addition, tumor occurrence between 50—80 weeks were compared. In mice, the most common tumor was lymphoma, followed by bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma. In rats, the most common tumor was adenoma of the pituitary gland, followed by mammary fibroadenoma, and adenocarcinoma. When studies of up to 50 weeks, between 50 and 80 weeks, and at 2-year termination were compared, there was no great difference in tumor occurrence except in male rats, in which the most common tumor up to 50 weeks on study was lymphoma, whereas the most common tumor between 50—80 weeks and at 2 years was pituitary adenoma.

Inhalation of formaldehyde and xylene induces apoptotic cell death in the lung tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandikci ◽  
K. Seyrek ◽  
H. Aksit ◽  
H. Kose
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this study was to determine the localization and number of apoptotic cells in lung tissue and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of newborns, young, and adult rats exposed to formaldehyde (6 ppm) or technical xylene (300 ppm) for 6 weeks (8 h/day). A total of 27 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Apoptotic cells were mainly localized around the bronchus and bronchioles and relatively less frequently on the walls of alveoli and interalveolar septa both in control and experimental groups. In the BALT, reactive cells were localized in the area under the epithelium and distributed homogenously within the lymphoid follicles. The numbers of apoptotic cells in the lung tissue including the BALT were significantly higher in young and adult rats exposed to formaldehyde and xylene than those detected in control groups.

Latency to Leave an Elevated Platform, Activity in a Dark Chamber, and Weight in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Thompson ◽  
Thomas R. Fitzsimons
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Dark Chamber ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Step Down

Young adult, middle-aged, and old male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 42) were compared for differences in step-down latency and activity in a darkened chamber. Ad libitum weights also were recorded. Latencies to leave a step-down platform increased about 400% from 4 to 9 mo. and then stabilized, suggesting that performance in this apparatus, commonly used in memory research, is very sensitive to age changes in rats less than 1 yr. old. Activity in the darkened chamber continued to decrease linearly from young adulthood to senility. Thus decreases in activity with age follow differing slopes, depending upon the task. Ad libitum weights increased linearly from 5 to 22.5 mo. A possible methodological implication for between-age comparisons of learning ability motivated by food was noted.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Buffered Hypercapnia versus  Hypercapnic Acidosis on Shock and Lung Injury Induced by Systemic Sepsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Higgins ◽  
Joseph Costello ◽  
Maya Contreras ◽  
Patrick Hassett ◽  
Daniel O' Toole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Systemic Sepsis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hemodynamic Deterioration ◽  
Hemodynamic Profile

Background Acute hypercapnic acidosis protects against lung injury caused by nonseptic insults and after both pulmonary and systemic sepsis. The authors wished to dissect the contribution of the acidosis versus hypercapnia per se to the effects of hypercapnic acidosis on the hemodynamic profile and severity of lung injury induced by systemic sepsis. Methods In the hypercapnic acidosis series, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to normocapnia or hypercapnic acidosis-produced by adding 5% carbon dioxide to the inspired gas-and cecal ligation and puncture performed. In the buffered hypercapnia series, animals were first randomized to housing under conditions of environmental normocapnia or hypercapnia-produced by exposure to 8% carbon dioxide-to allow renal buffering. After 96 h, cecal ligation and puncture was performed. In both series, the animals were ventilated for 6 h, and the severity of the lung injury and hemodynamic deterioration were assessed. Results Both hypercapnic acidosis and buffered hypercapnia attenuated the development and severity of hypotension and reduced lactate accumulation compared to normocapnia. Hypercapnic acidosis reduced lung injury and inflammation, decreased mean (+ or - SD) bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration (232 + or - 50 versus 279 + or - 27 microg x ml(-1)) and median neutrophil counts (3,370 versus 9,120 cells x ml(-1)), and reduced histologic lung injury. In contrast, buffered hypercapnia did not reduce the severity of systemic sepsis induced lung injury. Conclusions Both hypercapnic acidosis and buffered hypercapnia attenuate the hemodynamic consequences of systemic sepsis. In contrast, hypercapnic acidosis, but not buffered hypercapnia, reduced the severity of sepsis-induced lung injury.

scholarly journals Evaluation of clinical, histology, TNF-α, and collagen expressions on oral ulcer in rats after treatment with areca nut and chrysanthemum oral gel

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Liza Meutia Sari ◽  
Zaki Mubarak ◽  
Dina Keumala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α

Background: Areca nut (Areca catechu Linn.) is the seed of the fruit of the oriental palm that is commonly used among Southeast Asian communities. Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora) is a flowering plant originating from East Asia and dominantly grows in China. Both of these plants have strong antioxidant activities. To investigate the mechanism of their wound healing activities, we prepared areca nut and chrysanthemum polyethylene oral gel and performed several in vivo assays using Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Negative control group (rats with base gel treatment), positive control group (rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide), F1 (treatment with 20% areca nut:80% chrysanthemum), F2 (treatment with 50% areca nut:50% chrysanthemum), and F3 (treatment with 80% areca nut:20% chrysanthemum). Traumatic ulcers were performed on the buccal mucosa of all experimental animals that received topical oral gel and triamcinolone acetonide twice a day for seven days. The clinical and histological characteristics were analyzed and scored. Results: During the six days, the ulcerated area receded linearly over time and was completely cicatrized in F2 and positive control group (Dependent t-test, p<0.05). There were significant increases in body weight in F2 and positive control groups. There were no significant differences between groups in histology examination (Kruskal Wallis test, p<0.05). The moderate score of TNF-α levels was seen in F2 and positive control groups (ANOVA/Tukey test). Similar results were seen in the collagenases assay. Conclusions: A balanced combination of areca nut and chrysanthemum extract in the oral gel can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats through the increase of TNF-α and collagen deposition.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA SERUM TIKUS SRAGUE DAWLEY PADA PEMBERIAN KOPI ROBUSTA FILTER DAN TANPA FILTER

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Anggray Duvita Wahyani ◽  
Apoina Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Pap Method ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Filtered Coffee

ABSTRACT Background: Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by (increasing or decreasing) lipid fraction disorders in blood plasma, such as triglyceride. Coffee is known as a bad effect coming from cafestol which can elevate triglyceride level on blood, nevertheless, it has positive effect coming from cafein which can decrease triglyseride level on blood.Method: true-experimental with pre-post randomized control groups design was conducted in this study. Subjects were 8 week-old and male Sprague Dawley rats which are given of filter and nonfilter robusta coffee’s  solution for 4 weeks. Serum-triglyceride levels are determined with GPO-PAP method. Normality data was examined by Shapiro Wilks. Data was analyzed with paired t-test and one way ANOVA.Result: This study showed the averages of pre triglycerides level in coffee filter are 99,67 mg/dl and post triglycerides level are 94,78 mg/dl (p=0,760). The averages of pre triglycerides level in unfilter coffee are 95,11 mg/dl and post triglycerides level are 91,33 mg/dl (p=0,693). Change averages of pre and post test in filtered coffee -4,89 mg/dl and unfiltered coffee -3,78 mg/dl (p=0,329).Conslusion: There were no differences in changes of triglyceride levels in the provision of robusta coffee filter and without filter Keywords: filter coffee, nonfilter coffee, trygliseride level, sprague dawley rats

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