The Impact of BPI Expression on Escherichia coli F18 Infection in Porcine Kidney Cells

The efficacy and regulatory activity of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) as a mediator of Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 resistance remains to be defined. In the present study, we evaluated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in BPI gene expression in porcine kidney (PK15) cells in response to E. coli F18 exposure. We additionally generated PK15 cells that overexpressed BPI to assess the impact of this gene on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related genes. Through these analyses, we found that BPI expression rose significantly following LPS exposure in response to E. coli F18ac stimulation (p < 0.01). Colony count assays and qPCR analyses revealed that E. coli F18 adherence to PK15 cells was markedly suppressed following BPI overexpression (p < 0.01). BPI overexpression had no significant effect on the mRNA-level expression of genes associated with glycosphingolipid biosynthesis or TLR4 signaling. BPI overexpression suppressed the LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway-related expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and IL-6). Overall, our study serves as an overview of the association between BPI and resistance to E. coli F18 at the cellular level, offering a framework for future investigations of the mechanisms whereby piglets are able to resist E. coli F18 infection.

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Influence of Escherichia coli on Expression of Selected Human Drug Addiction Genes

Life ◽

10.3390/life11121346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1346

Author(s):

Roman Kotłowski

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Visual Learning ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Cocaine Addiction ◽

E Coli ◽

Rna Transcripts ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genome Wide ◽

The Impact ◽

Ht 29

The impact of enteric microflora on the expression of genes associated with cocaine and amphetamine addiction was described. Human genome-wide experiments on RNA transcripts expressed in response to three selected Escherichia coli strains allowed for significant alteration (p > 0.05) of the linear regression model between HT-29 RNA transcripts associated with the KEGG pathway:hsa05030:Cocaine addiction after 3 h stimulation with intracellular pathogenic E. coli strain UM146 versus non-pathogenic E. coli Nissle 1917. Among the features influenced by the UM146 bacterial strain were visual learning, response to the presence of morphine, response to hypoxia, behavioral fear response and cognitive functions.

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The Protein Interactome of Glycolysis in Escherichia coli

Proteomes ◽

10.3390/proteomes9020016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Shomeek Chowdhury ◽

Stephen Hepper ◽

Mudassir K. Lodi ◽

Milton H. Saier ◽

Peter Uetz

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Allosteric Regulation ◽

Glycolytic Enzymes ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

E Coli ◽

Protein Interactome ◽

The Impact

Glycolysis is regulated by numerous mechanisms including allosteric regulation, post-translational modification or protein-protein interactions (PPI). While glycolytic enzymes have been found to interact with hundreds of proteins, the impact of only some of these PPIs on glycolysis is well understood. Here we investigate which of these interactions may affect glycolysis in E. coli and possibly across numerous other bacteria, based on the stoichiometry of interacting protein pairs (from proteomic studies) and their conservation across bacteria. We present a list of 339 protein-protein interactions involving glycolytic enzymes but predict that ~70% of glycolytic interactors are not present in adequate amounts to have a significant impact on glycolysis. Finally, we identify a conserved but uncharacterized subset of interactions that are likely to affect glycolysis and deserve further study.

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Solubility assessment of single-chain antibody fragment against epithelial cell adhesion molecule extracellular domain in four Escherichia coli strains

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00126-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Sadat Javadian ◽

Majid Basafa ◽

Aidin Behravan ◽

Atieh Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Adhesion Molecule ◽

Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽

Extracellular Domain ◽

Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽

Single Chain ◽

E Coli ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Overexpression of the EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) in malignancies makes it an attractive target for passive immunotherapy in a wide range of carcinomas. In comparison with full-length antibodies, due to the small size, the scFvs (single-chain variable fragments) are more suitable for recombinant expression in E. coli (Escherichia coli). However, the proteins expressed in large amounts in E. coli tend to form inclusion bodies that need to be refolded which may result in poor recovery of bioactive proteins. Various engineered strains were shown to be able to alleviate the insolubility problem. Here, we studied the impact of four E. coli strains on the soluble level of anti-EpEX-scFv (anti-EpCAM extracellular domain-scFv) protein. Results Although results showed that the amount of soluble anti-EpEX-scFv obtained in BL21TM (DE3) (114.22 ± 3.47 mg/L) was significantly higher to those produced in the same condition in E. coli RosettaTM (DE3) (71.39 ± 0.31 mg/L), and OrigamiTM T7 (58.99 ± 0.44 mg/L) strains, it was not significantly different from that produced by E. coli SHuffleTM T7 (108.87 ± 2.71 mg/L). Furthermore, the highest volumetric productivity of protein reached 318.29 ± 26.38 mg/L in BL21TM (DE3). Conclusions Although BL21TM (DE3) can be a suitable strain for high-level production of anti-EpEX-scFv protein, due to higher solubility yield (about 55%), E. coli SHuffleTM T7 seems to be better candidate for soluble production of scfv compared to BL21TM (DE3) (solubility yield of about 30%).

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Impact of Vacuum Cooling on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infiltration into Lettuce Tissue

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02811-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 3138-3142 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Haiping Li ◽

Mehrdad Tajkarimi ◽

Bennie I. Osburn

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Surface Sterilization ◽

E Coli ◽

Green Industry ◽

Vacuum Cooling ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Vacuum cooling is a common practice in the California leafy green industry. This study addressed the impact of vacuum cooling on the infiltration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into lettuce as part of the risk assessment responding to the E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks associated with leafy green produce from California. Vacuum cooling significantly increased the infiltration of E. coli O157:H7 into the lettuce tissue (2.65E+06 CFU/g) compared to the nonvacuumed condition (1.98E+05 CFU/g). A stringent surface sterilization and quadruple washing could not eliminate the internalized bacteria from lettuce. It appeared that vacuuming forcibly changed the structure of lettuce tissue such as the stomata, suggesting a possible mechanism of E. coli O157:H7 internalization. Vacuuming also caused a lower reduction rate of E. coli O157:H7 in stored lettuce leaves than that for the nonvacuumed condition.

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Impact of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Production on Treatment Outcomes of Acute Pyelonephritis Caused by Escherichia coli in Patients without Health Care-Associated Risk Factors

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.04821-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 1962-1968 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sun Hee Park ◽

Su-Mi Choi ◽

Dong-Gun Lee ◽

Sung-Yeon Cho ◽

Hyo-Jin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Health Care ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Acute Pyelonephritis ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTExtended-spectrum β-lactamase-producingEscherichia coli(ESBL-EC) is increasingly identified as a cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) among patients without recent health care contact, i.e., community-associated APN. This case-control study compared 75 cases of community-associated ESBL-EC APN (CA-ESBL) to 225 controls of community-associated non-ESBL-EC APN (CA-non-ESBL) to identify the risk factors for ESBL-EC acquisition and investigate the impact of ESBL on the treatment outcomes of community-associated APN (CA-APN) caused byE. coliat a Korean hospital during 2007 to 2013. The baseline characteristics were similar between the cases and controls; the risk factors for ESBL-EC were age (>55 years), antibiotic use within the previous year, and diabetes with recurrent APN. The severity of illness did not differ between CA-ESBL and CA-non-ESBL (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II scores [mean ± standard deviation], 7.7 ± 5.9 versus 6.4 ± 5.3;P= 0.071). The proportions of clinical (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 5.38;P= 0.323) and microbiological (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.51 to 2.65;P= 0.730) cures were similar, although the CA-ESBL APN patients were less likely to receive appropriate antibiotics within 48 h. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis of the prognostic factors for CA-APN caused byE. colishowed that ESBL production was not a significant factor for clinical (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.12 to 1.30;P= 0.126) or microbiological (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.12;P= 0.091) failure. The estimates did not change after incorporating weights calculated using propensity scores for acquiring ESBL-EC. Therefore, ESBL production did not negatively affect treatment outcomes among patients with community-associatedE. coliAPN.

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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 323-327

Author(s):

Mamunu Abdulkadir SULAIMAN ◽

H.S Muhammad ◽

Aliyu Muhammad Sani ◽

Aminu Ibrahim ◽

Ibrahim Muhammad Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plasmid Curing ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

E Coli ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Mar Index ◽

The Impact

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts. Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.

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The Effect Ultrasound and Surfactants on Nanobubbles Efficacy against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7, in Cell Suspension and on Fresh Produce Surfaces

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2154

Author(s):

Shamil Rafeeq ◽

Reza Ovissipour

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cell Suspension ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Listeria Innocua ◽

Wash Water ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacterial Removal ◽

The Impact

Removing foodborne pathogens from food surfaces and inactivating them in wash water are critical steps for reducing the number of foodborne illnesses. In this study we evaluated the impact of surfactants on enhancing nanobubbles’ efficacy on Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria innocua removal from spinach leaves. We evaluated the synergistic impact of nanobubbles and ultrasound on these two pathogens inactivation in the cell suspension. The results indicated that nanobubbles or ultrasound alone could not significantly reduce bacteria in cell suspension after 15 min. However, a combination of nanobubbles and ultrasonication caused more than 6 log cfu/mL reduction after 15 min, and 7 log cfu/mL reduction after 10 min of L. innocua and E. coli, respectively. Nanobubbles also enhanced bacterial removal from spinach surface in combination with ultrasonication. Nanobubbles with ultrasound removed more than 2 and 4 log cfu/cm2 of L. innocua and E. coli, respectively, while ultrasound alone caused 0.5 and 1 log cfu/cm2 of L. innocua and E. coli reduction, respectively. No reduction was observed in the solutions with PBS and nanobubbles. Adding food-grade surfactants (0.1% Sodium dodecyl sulfate-SDS, and 0.1% Tween 20), did not significantly enhance nanobubbles efficacy on bacterial removal from spinach surface.

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Impact of UV and Peracetic Acid Disinfection on the Prevalence of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Wastewater Effluents

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00418-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (12) ◽

pp. 3656-3666 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Basanta Kumar Biswal ◽

Ramzi Khairallah ◽

Kareem Bibi ◽

Alberto Mazza ◽

Ronald Gehr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTWastewater discharges may increase the populations of pathogens, includingEscherichia coli, and of antimicrobial-resistant strains in receiving waters. This study investigated the impact of UV and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection on the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the most abundantE. colipathotype in municipal wastewaters. Laboratory disinfection experiments were conducted on wastewater treated by physicochemical, activated sludge, or biofiltration processes; 1,766E. coliisolates were obtained for the evaluation. The target disinfection level was 200 CFU/100 ml, resulting in UV and PAA doses of 7 to 30 mJ/cm2and 0.9 to 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. The proportions of UPECs were reduced in all samples after disinfection, with an average reduction by UV of 55% (range, 22% to 80%) and by PAA of 52% (range, 11% to 100%). Analysis of urovirulence genes revealed that the decline in the UPEC populations was not associated with any particular virulence factor. A positive association was found between the occurrence of urovirulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the changes in the prevalence of ARGs in potential UPECs were different following disinfection, i.e., UV appears to have had no effect, while PAA significantly reduced the ARG levels. Thus, this study showed that both UV and PAA disinfections reduced the proportion of UPECs and that PAA disinfection also reduced the proportion of antimicrobial resistance gene-carrying UPEC pathotypes in municipal wastewaters.

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In VivoTransmission of an IncA/C Plasmid in Escherichia coli Depends on Tetracycline Concentration, and Acquisition of the Plasmid Results in a Variable Cost of Fitness

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.04193-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (10) ◽

pp. 3561-3570 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Timothy J. Johnson ◽

Randall S. Singer ◽

Richard E. Isaacson ◽

Jessica L. Danzeisen ◽

Kevin Lang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

High Dose ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Dose Administration ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

The Impact ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTIncA/C plasmids are broad-host-range plasmids enabling multidrug resistance that have emerged worldwide among bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. Although antibiotic usage is suspected to be a driving force in the emergence of such strains, few studies have examined the impact of different types of antibiotic administration on the selection of plasmid-containing multidrug resistant isolates. In this study, chlortetracycline treatment at different concentrations in pig feed was examined for its impact on selection and dissemination of an IncA/C plasmid introduced orally via a commensalEscherichia colihost. Continuous low-dose administration of chlortetracycline at 50 g per ton had no observable impact on the proportions of IncA/C plasmid-containingE. colifrom pig feces over the course of 35 days. In contrast, high-dose administration of chlortetracycline at 350 g per ton significantly increased IncA/C plasmid-containingE. coliin pig feces (P< 0.001) and increased movement of the IncA/C plasmid to other indigenousE. colihosts. There was no evidence of conjugal transfer of the IncA/C plasmid to bacterial species other thanE. coli.In vitrocompetition assays demonstrated that bacterial host background substantially impacted the cost of IncA/C plasmid carriage inE. coliandSalmonella.In vitrotransfer and selection experiments demonstrated that tetracycline at 32 μg/ml was necessary to enhance IncA/C plasmid conjugative transfer, while subinhibitory concentrations of tetracyclinein vitrostrongly selected for IncA/C plasmid-containingE. coli. Together, these experiments improve our knowledge on the impact of differing concentrations of tetracycline on the selection of IncA/C-type plasmids.

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Investigation of multidrug-resistant fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.986 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Folorunso O. Fasina ◽

Dauda G. Bwala ◽

Evelyn Madoroba

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

South African ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

E Coli ◽

Young Pigs ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

The Impact ◽

Future Management

Escherichia coli is usually a benign commensal of the gut microflora. However, when E. coli acquires virulence genes it can multiply rapidly and cause disease through colonisation of the intestinal mucosa. Escherichia coli can become a significant pathogen in young pigs. We report an investigation of fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs from emerging farms where piglets and weaners were diarrhoeic and the mortality rate ranged between 15% and 70% in each litter. Faecal and tissue samples were processed for histopathology, bacteriology and molecular biology (multiplex and monoplex polymerase chain reaction) and we recovered enteroaggregative multidrug-resistant E. coli producing EAST-1 enterotoxin. An association between poor housing conditions and the observed cases was established and future management programmes were recommended to reduce the impact of such pathogens. Enteroaggregative E. coli is becoming a major problem in the pig industry. It therefore becomes necessary to establish the full impact of E. coli on the South African pig industry and to determine the geographic extent of the problem.

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