scholarly journals The Current Trends in Using Nanoparticles, Liposomes, and Exosomes for Semen Cryopreservation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2281
Author(s):  
Islam M. Saadeldin ◽  
Wael A. Khalil ◽  
Mona G. Alharbi ◽  
Seok Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Different Levels

Cryopreservation is an essential tool to preserve sperm cells for zootechnical management and artificial insemination purposes. Cryopreservation is associated with sperm damage via different levels of plasma membrane injury and oxidative stress. Nanoparticles are often used to defend against free radicals and oxidative stress generated through the entire process of cryopreservation. Recently, artificial or natural nanovesicles including liposomes and exosomes, respectively, have shown regenerative capabilities to repair damaged sperm during the freeze–thaw process. Exosomes possess a potential pleiotropic effect because they contain antioxidants, lipids, and other bioactive molecules regulating and repairing spermatozoa. In this review, we highlight the current strategies of using nanoparticles and nanovesicles (liposomes and exosomes) to combat the cryoinjuries associated with semen cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Obrador ◽  
Rosario Salvador ◽  
Rafael López-Blanch ◽  
Ali Jihad-Jebbar ◽  
Soraya L. Vallés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron (MN) disease. Its primary cause remains elusive, although a combination of different causal factors cannot be ruled out. There is no cure, and prognosis is poor. Most patients with ALS die due to disease-related complications, such as respiratory failure, within three years of diagnosis. While the underlying mechanisms are unclear, different cell types (microglia, astrocytes, macrophages and T cell subsets) appear to play key roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pave the way leading to neurodegeneration and MN death. ALS-associated mitochondrial dysfunction occurs at different levels, and these organelles are involved in the mechanism of MN death. Molecular and cellular interactions are presented here as a sequential cascade of events. Based on our present knowledge, the discussion leads to the idea that feasible therapeutic strategies should focus in interfering with the pathophysiology of the disease at different steps.

scholarly journals Water deficit-induced membrane injury and oxidative stress in two barley genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bandurska ◽  
Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of water deficit on membrane injuries, superoxide radical generation and lipid peroxidation in the leaves of two barley genotypes. Six-day-old seedlings of the cv. Aramir and line R567 were used in the experiments. According to our earlier work these genotypes significantly differ in the level of membrane injuries under water deficit conditions. Water stress was applied directly to leaves or to roots. The stress caused considerable membrane injuries in the leaves of all genotypes investigated.The percentage membrane injury was higher in the line R567 than in the cv. Aramir. Water stress imposed on leaves caused higher membrane injuries than water stress imposed on roots. The water stress treatment followed by an oxidative stress in the leaves. Line R567 having noticeably larger membrane injuries also exhibited a higher level of superoxide radical generation than the cv. Aramir. The level of lipid peroxidation increased in the both genotypes under the conditions of water stress imposed on leaves, but not on roots.

scholarly journals 251 Impacts of different levels of dietary zinc oxide on mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress conditions in post-weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Jerome Lapointe ◽  
Caroline Roy ◽  
Karine Deschene ◽  
Aliny Novais ◽  
Isabelle Audet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) is commonly added to weanling piglet diets for its documented benefits as growth promoting agent and usefulness for preventing diarrhea. We have recently reported the occurrence of mitochondrial energetic deficiencies and oxidative stress conditions in post-weaned piglets. In cells, Zn is known to be primarily located in mitochondria, where it is involved in mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of different levels of dietary ZnO on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. One hundred twenty suckling piglets (5.65 ± 0.68 kg) were selected at d14. After weaning (d21), they were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg (low; L), 1000 mg/kg (medium; M) or 3000 mg/kg (high; H) of ZnO until d42 (n = 40/treatment). Piglets were sacrificed at d21, d23, d35, and d42 of age (n = 10/treatment/d) for sample collection. Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated using an extracellular flux analyzer and our results showed higher oxygen consumption rates in liver mitochondria from H group (P < 0.05) at d42. The cellular energy status was characterized by measuring liver adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) content, and lower levels were reported in H group (P < 0.01) at d42. These observations were concomitant with a decrease in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cytosol and mitochondria. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that expression of genes implicated in oxidative stress response such as glutathione synthase (GSS), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and metallothionein 3 (MT3) is increased in H group at d42 (P < 0.05). In plasma, GPx activity and oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyls) was higher in H group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ZnO affects mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in post-weaned piglets and provide insights to guide the prophylactic practices using high levels of dietary ZnO.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Bioactives and Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders: A Key Trend towards Healthy Aging and Longevity Promotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare Salehi ◽  
Elena Azzini ◽  
Paolo Zucca ◽  
Elena Maria Varoni ◽  
Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Plants and their corresponding botanical preparations have been used for centuries due to their remarkable potential in both the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-related disorders. Aging and aging-related diseases, like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, which have increased exponentially, are intrinsically related with redox imbalance and oxidative stress. Hundreds of biologically active constituents are present in each whole plant matrix, providing promissory bioactive effects for human beings. Indeed, the worldwide population has devoted increased attention and preference for the use of medicinal plants for healthy aging and longevity promotion. In fact, plant-derived bioactives present a broad spectrum of biological effects, and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, more recently, anti-aging effects, are considered to be a hot topic among the medical and scientific communities. Nonetheless, despite the numerous biological effects, it should not be forgotten that some bioactive molecules are prone to oxidation and can even exert pro-oxidant effects. In this sense, the objective of the present review is to provide a detailed overview of plant-derived bioactives in age-related disorders. Specifically, the role of phytochemicals as antioxidants and pro-oxidant agents is carefully addressed, as is their therapeutic relevance in longevity, aging-related disorders, and healthy-aging promotion. Finally, an eye-opening look into the overall evidence of plant compounds related to longevity is presented.

scholarly journals Effect of adding anethole to the cryopreservation medium (powdered coconut water) on morphology, kinetics, and oxidative stress of buck sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3235-3246
Author(s):  
Marcimar Silva Sousa ◽  
◽  
Bruna Farias Brito ◽  
Marco Aurélio Schiavo Novaes ◽  
Talita Soares Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Viable Sperm ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The quality of post-thawing goat sperm is critical to the success of artificial insemination protocols and may be influenced by extenders, cryoprotectants, and antioxidant substances. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant anethole on goat sperm diluted in preservation medium based on powdered coconut water (ACP-101c) and frozen. For that, each ejaculate was submitted to the following treatments: ACP-101c (control); control plus supplementation with 30, 300, or 2000 μg/mL anethole. The samples were thawed and evaluated for morphology, kinetics, membrane integrity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The addition of anethole increased morphological abnormalities (P < 0.05), however, it did not affect sperm kinetics. Flow cytometry analysis showed that sperm cells cryopreserved with 300 μg/mL anethole had lower acrosome integrity than those cryopreserved in other treatments. Evaluation of oxidative stress revealed that cells stored in the presence of 2000 μg/mL anethole had small amounts of ROS when compared to those preserved in the control medium alone or supplemented with 300 μg/mL anethole (P < 0.05). After cryopreservation of sperm with 2000 μg/mL anethole, the highest percentage of viable sperm without ROS was observed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, despite reducing ROS levels, the supplementation of anethole in ACP-101c did not affect sperm kinetics or membrane integrity post-thawing, however, it did cause morphological damage to sperm.

scholarly journals Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Godos ◽  
Walter Currenti ◽  
Donato Angelino ◽  
Pedro Mena ◽  
Sabrina Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders, including an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, cognitive, and sleep disorders. Diet and its bioactive components have been recognized among the modifiable risk factors, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This review aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms underlying the putative beneficial effects toward brain health of different dietary factors, such as micro- and macronutrient intake and habits, such as feeding time and circadian rhythm. The role of hormonal homeostasis in the context of glucose metabolism and adiponectin regulation and its impact on systemic and neuro-inflammation has also been considered and deepened. In addition, the effect of individual bioactive molecules exerting antioxidant activities and acting as anti-inflammatory agents, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, considered beneficial for the central nervous system via modulation of adult neurogenesis, synaptic and neuronal plasticity, and microglia activation has been summarized. An overview of the regulation of the gut–brain axis and its effect on the modulation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress has been provided. Finally, the impact of bioactive molecules on inflammation and oxidative stress and its association with brain health has been summarized.

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