scholarly journals The Usefulness of Mesenchymal Stem Cells beyond the Musculoskeletal System in Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Alina Cequier ◽  
Carmen Sanz ◽  
Clementina Rodellar ◽  
Laura Barrachina
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Translational Model ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Equine Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Further Development

The differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) initially raised interest for treating musculoskeletal injuries in horses, but MSC paracrine activity has widened their scope for inflammatory and immune-mediated pathologies in both equine and human medicine. Furthermore, the similar etiopathogenesis of some diseases in both species has advanced the concept of “One Medicine, One Health”. This article reviews the current knowledge on the use of MSCs for equine pathologies beyond the locomotor system, highlighting the value of the horse as translational model. Ophthalmologic and reproductive disorders are among the most studied for MSC application. Equine asthma, equine metabolic syndrome, and endotoxemia have been less explored but offer an interesting scenario for human translation. The use of MSCs in wounds also provides a potential model for humans because of the healing particularities in both species. High-burden equine-specific pathologies such as laminitis have been suggested to benefit from MSC-therapy, and MSC application in challenging disorders such as neurologic conditions has been proposed. The available data are preliminary, however, and require further development to translate results into the clinic. Nevertheless, current evidence indicates a significant potential of equine MSCs to enlarge their range of application, with particular interest in pathologies analogous to human conditions.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental immune-mediated liver injury via chitinase 3-like protein 1-mediated T cell suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuli Liu ◽  
Xiaoyong Chen ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Lijie Pan ◽  
Xinmei Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Con A ◽  
Immune Mediated

AbstractLiver diseases with different pathogenesis share common pathways of immune-mediated injury. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was induced in both acute and chronic liver injuries, and recent studies reported that it possesses an immunosuppressive ability. CHI3L1 was also expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), thus we investigates the role of CHI3L1 in MSC-based therapy for immune-mediated liver injury here. We found that CHI3L1 was highly expressed in human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs). Downregulating CHI3L1 mitigated the ability of hUC-MSCs to inhibit T cell activation, proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro. Using Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury mouse model, we found that silencing CHI3L1 significantly abrogated the hUC-MSCs-mediated alleviation of liver injury, accompanying by weakened suppressive effects on infiltration and activation of hepatic T cells, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, recombinant CHI3L1 (rCHI3L1) administration inhibited the proliferation and function of activated T cells, and alleviated the Con A-induced liver injury in mice. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis showed that JAK/STAT signalling pathway was one of the most significantly enriched gene pathways in T cells co-cultured with hUC-MSCs with CHI3L1 knockdown, and further study revealed that CHI3L1 secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibited the STAT1/3 signalling in T cells by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Collectively, our data showed that CHI3L1 was a novel MSC-secreted immunosuppressive factor and provided new insights into therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated liver injury.

scholarly journals Attachment, Proliferation, and Chondroinduction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Porous Chitosan-Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Elder ◽  
Anuhya Gottipati ◽  
Hilary Zelenka ◽  
Joel Bumgardner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Tissue Engineering Approach ◽  
Osteochondral Regeneration ◽  
Further Development

Symptomatic osteochondral lesions occur frequently, but relatively few treatment options are currently available. The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into a new tissue engineering approach to osteochondral regeneration. The concept is a biphasic construct consisting of a porous, osteoconductive chitosan-calcium phosphate scaffold supporting a layer of neocartilage formed by marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Two experiments were conducted to assess the feasibility of this approach. The first experiment characterized the attachment efficiency and proliferation of primary human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded relatively sparely onto the scaffold’s surface. The second experiment compared two different methods of creating a biphasic construct using a much higher density of primary porcine marrow stromal cells. About 40% of the sparsely seeded human cells attached and proliferated rapidly. Constructs formed by one of the two experimental techniques exhibited a layer of cartilaginous tissue which only partially covered the scaffold’s surface due to inadequate adhesion between the cells and the scaffold. This study demonstrates some potential for the approach to yield an implantable biphasic construct, but further development is required to improve cell-scaffold adhesion.

Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immune-Mediated Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Eljarrah ◽  
Marina Gergues ◽  
Piotr W. Pobiarzyn ◽  
Oleta A. Sandiford ◽  
Pranela Rameshwar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Immune Mediated

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Lin ◽  
Linfeng Huang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Bin Fang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Target Cancer

Stem cell-based therapies exhibit profound therapeutic potential for treating various human diseases, including cancer. Among the cell types that can be used for this purpose, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as promising source of stem cells in personalized cell-based therapies. The inherent tumor-tropic property of MSCs can be used to target cancer cells. Although the impacts of MSCs on tumor progression remain elusive, they have been genetically modified or engineered as targeted anticancer agents which could inhibit tumor growth by blocking different processes of tumor. In addition, there are close interactions between MSCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs). MSCs can regulate the growth of CSCs through paracrine mechanisms. This review aims to focus on the current knowledge about MSCs-based tumor therapies, the opportunities and challenges, as well as the prospective of its further clinical implications.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in gastrointestinal cancers – current evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 6 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Bruns ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Christopher Betzler ◽  
Felix Popp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers

scholarly journals Impact and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Medicine: An Overview of the Current Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Menaa ◽  
Somayeh Shahrokhi ◽  
V. Prasad Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

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