scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Young and Adult Bull (Bos taurus) Cryopreserved Semen

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Błażej Westfalewicz ◽  
Mariola Słowińska ◽  
Sylwia Judycka ◽  
Andrzej Ciereszko ◽  
Mariola A. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Casa System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sperm Movement

The age of the bull is widely accepted to influence the production of sperm, affecting the amount and quality of produced semen, which in turn impacts the results of cryopreservation. However, the exact influence of the maturation process on cryopreserved sperm, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process, are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the proteome of thawed semen (spermatozoa and supernatant) collected from young and adult bulls (n = 6) using the 2D-DIGE approach. The quality of semen was assessed using a CASA system and flow cytometry. We found no significant age-related variation in semen quality, with the exception of the average path velocity of sperm movement, which was higher in adult bulls. Proteomic analysis indicated 15 spermatozoa proteins and 10 supernatant proteins with significant age-related changes. Our results suggest that semen from adult bulls is better equipped with proteins related to energy production, protection of spermatozoa against oxidative stress and fertilizing ability. Proteins increased in abundance in young bull spermatozoa were connected to the cytoskeleton and its development, which strongly suggests that developmental processes are still in progress. In conclusion, our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of the development of the male reproductive system of cattle.

scholarly journals Causes and Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwoon Lee ◽  
Suk Yoon ◽  
Inpyo Choi ◽  
Haiyoung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stem Cell Aging ◽  
Related Stress

Many elderly people suffer from hematological diseases known to be highly age-dependent. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the immune system by producing all blood cells throughout the lifetime of an organism. Recent reports have suggested that HSCs are susceptible to age-related stress and gradually lose their self-renewal and regeneration capacity with aging. HSC aging is driven by cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors that result in the disruption of the immune system. Thus, the study of HSC aging is important to our understanding of age-related immune diseases and can also provide potential strategies to improve quality of life in the elderly. In this review, we delineate our understanding of the phenotypes, causes, and molecular mechanisms involved in HSC aging.

scholarly journals Evaluate the activity of cryopreserved boar ejaculated spermatozoa under different thawing protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
O. V. Shcherbak ◽  
S. I. Kovtun ◽  
O. I. Metlitska ◽  
P. A. Trotskyi ◽  
I. M. Lyuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Aim. To evaluate the activity of cryopreserved boar ejaculated spermatozoa under different thawing protocols to optimize biotechnological approaches in pig reproduction based on the genetic material of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V. Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine. Methods. Cryopreserved ejaculated boars' sperm was thawed in three different ways. Biotechnological, cryobiological and morphological methods were used to assess the viability of the sperm. Results. We noted the individual feature of semen quality of the studied boars, which affects its suitability for cryopreservation and quality indicators after thawing. It was found that in liquefied boar sperm (sperm activity on average is 86.7%) after its centrifugation and three-hour equilibration at + 4 °C sperm activity decreased by an average of 25.0%. In order to improve the quality of cryopreserved sperm, it was thawed under different conditions. The highest activity of spermatozoa in thawed sperm of boar No. 225 of Myrhorod pig was at the level of 25.0% at the thawing temperature + 70 °C, and the thermal resistance and heat resistance were 70.0% and 60.0%, respectively. Conclusions. During this study was noted that there are peculiarities of boar semen at breed and individual level, which influence its ability to tolerate cryopreservation. Keywords: sperm, in vitro cultivation, cryobank, cryopreservation, boars.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF BRAIN REJUVENATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S587-S587
Author(s):  
Saul Villeda
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Aging Factors

Abstract A growing body of work has shown that systemic manipulations, such as heterochronic parabiosis and young blood administration, can partially reverse age-related cellular impairments and loss of cognitive faculties in the aged brain. These studies have revealed an age-dependent bi-directionality in the influence of the systemic environment indicating anti-aging factors in young blood elicit rejuvenation while pro-aging factors in old blood drive aging. It has been proposed that introducing anti-aging factors or mitigating the effect of pro-aging factors may provide effective strategies to rejuvenate aging phenotypes. Despite this potential, much is unknown as to the systemic and molecular mechanisms regulating anti-aging and pro-aging effects of blood-borne factors. I will discuss work from my research group that begins to provide mechanistic insight into the systemic and molecular drivers promoting rejuvenation in the aging brain.

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rabbito ◽  
Maciej Dulewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Β Amyloid

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases affecting more than 35 million people in the world, and its incidence is estimated to triple by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease is an age-related disease characterized by the progressive loss of memory and cognitive function, caused by the unstoppable neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. Current AD treatments only relieve the symptoms. The first molecular signs of the disease identified decades ago and were related to the tau neurofibrillary tangles and the β amyloid plaques. Despite the considerable progress in the diagnostic field, there is no certain knowledge of the specific biomarkers reflecting molecular mechanisms that trigger the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, there is an enormous need to find biomarkers useful for early diagnosis, before the first symptoms appear, and develop new therapeutic targets, which would guarantee improving patients’ quality of life. Researchers from all around the world are looking for biomarkers that can be identified in different biological fluids such as plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid, specific for Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we would like to resume some of the most interesting discovery in pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease and promising biomarkers.

scholarly journals Ovarian Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Jan Tesarik ◽  
Maribel Galán-Lázaro ◽  
Raquel Mendoza-Tesarik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Ovarian Aging ◽  
Age Related

This is a short review of the basic molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging, written with a particular focus on the use of this data to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols both for women affected by physiological (age-related) ovarian decay and for those suffering premature ovarian insufficiency. Ovarian aging has a genetic basis that conditions the ovarian activity via a plethora of cell-signaling pathways that control the functions of different types of cells in the ovary. There are various factors that can influence these pathways so as to reduce their efficiency. Oxidative stress, often related to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the apoptosis of ovarian cells, can be at the origin of vicious circles in which the primary cause feeds back other abnormalities, resulting in an overall decline in the ovarian activity and in the quantity and quality of oocytes. The correct diagnosis of the molecular mechanisms involved in ovarian aging can serve to design treatment strategies that can slow down ovarian decay and increase the quantity and quality of oocytes that can be obtained for an in vitro fertilization attempt. The available treatment options include the use of antioxidants, melatonin, growth hormones, and mitochondrial therapies. All of these treatments have to be considered in the context of each couple’s history and current clinical condition, and a customized (patient-tailored) treatment protocol is to be elaborated.

scholarly journals Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Smoke-Drying and Shade-Drying Processes of Postharvest Rhubarb: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Fengxia Guo ◽  
Jiachen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Differentially Abundant Proteins ◽  
Postharvest Processing

Postharvest processing plays a very important role in improving the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. According to previous studies, smoke-drying could significantly promote the accumulation of the bioactive components and pharmacological activities of rhubarb, but so far, the molecular mechanism has not been studied yet. In this research, to study the molecular mechanisms of postharvest processing for rhubarb during shade-drying and smoke-drying, label-free proteomic analyses were conducted. In total, 1,927 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified from rhubarb samples treated by different drying methods. These DAPs were mainly involved in response and defense, signal transduction, starch, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and anthraquinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis. Smoke-drying significantly enhanced the expression of proteins involved in these metabolic pathways. Accordingly, the molecular mechanism of the accumulation of effective ingredients of rhubarb was clarified, which provided a novel insight into the biosynthesis of active ingredients that occur during the rhubarb dry process.

scholarly journals Age-related Changes in Semen Quality of Captive Bharal (Pseudois nayaur)

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi KUSUNOKI ◽  
Tomoya NISHIKAKU ◽  
Daisuke NAKAGAWA ◽  
Toyoharu TAKIDA ◽  
Daisuke KURITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pseudois Nayaur ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Current perspectives on ruminant sperm freezability: Harnessing molecular changes related to semen quality through omics technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-511
Author(s):  
Marvin Bryan Salinas ◽  
◽  
Phongsakorn Chuammitri ◽  
Korawan Sringarm ◽  
Sukolrat Boonyayatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Molecular Bases

The recent advances in sperm cryopreservation transcend cryobanking and other assisted reproductive technologies. Since its discovery, cryopreservation has contributed positive impacts on animal breeding as well as in genetic exchange, improvement, and conservation efforts. However, cryoinjury and variabilities in cryopreservation outcomes remain as key challenges to sperm cryobiology. The present work explored the molecular bases for such freezability differences and freezing-thawing injuries in the ruminant sperm. Relevant biomarkers identified in the seminal plasma and the spermatozoa were highlighted, including lipids, proteins, metabolites, transcripts, and genes. Specific molecular mechanisms concerning sperm structures and functions were also examined relative to their association to cryotolerance, and spermiogram or seminogram modifications following cryopreservation procedures. Current conflicts and gaps in the knowledge base on ruminant spermatozoa were also emphasized. Further investigation of these areas using the available breakthrough molecular tools such as omics technologies is therefore proposed to improve, optimize, or even predict the overall quality of frozen-thawed ruminant semen towards reproductive efficiency.

scholarly journals Evaluation of porcine semen quality by portable and desktop CASA systems – Short communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
Eszter Balogh ◽  
Anna Boglárka Dálnoki ◽  
László Rózsa ◽  
Viktória Johanna Debnár ◽  
Orsolya Varga-Balogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis ◽  
Casa System

AbstractWhen using artificial insemination in porcine reproduction, one of the most important requirements is the suitable quality of semen regarding its total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM). Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) is an appropriate method to analyse the quality of semen. Recently a portable instrument has been developed to help specialists in their everyday field work. In our study, semen quality was measured simultaneously by the portable device (Ongo) and a laboratory CASA system (Microptic) to compare TM and PM values obtained by these appliances at a concentration of 50 × 106 spermatozoa/mL. Agreement between measurements was evaluated with a Bland-Altman plot. Strong correlation was found between the investigated instruments for all the three parameters, i.e. sperm concentration, TM and PM. However, a few measurements fell outside the defined range of acceptance.

scholarly journals Comparative proteomic analysis of the sweetpotato provides insights into response mechanisms to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ShiQiang Lin ◽  
ZhiJian Yang ◽  
BiFang Huang ◽  
ChuYun Bi ◽  
XiaoFang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Go Annotation ◽  
Parallel Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Annotation Information ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas (Fob) is one of the devastating diseases of sweetpotato. However, the molecular mechanisms of sweetpotato response to Fob is poorly understood. In the present study, comparative quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the defense mechanisms involved. Two sweetpotato cultivars with differential Fob infection responses were inoculated with Fob spore suspensions and quantitatively analyzed by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT). 2267 proteins were identified and 1897 of them were quantified. There were 817 proteins with quantitative ratios of 1.2-fold change between Fob-inoculated and mock-treated samples. Further, nine differentially expressed proteins were validated by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation information, the proteins functioned in molecular metabolism, cellular component formation, and biological processes. Interestingly, the results showed that sweetpotato resistant response to Fob infection included many proteins associated with signaling transduction, plant resistance, chitinase and subtilisin-like protease. The functions and possible roles of those proteins were discussed. The results provides first insight into molecular mechanisms involved in sweetpotato defense responses to Fob.

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