scholarly journals Healthy Ageing Is Associated with Preserved or Enhanced Nutrient and Mineral Apparent Digestibility in Dogs and Cats Fed Commercially Relevant Extruded Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2127
Author(s):  
Sofia Schauf ◽  
Jonathan Stockman ◽  
Richard Haydock ◽  
Ryan Eyre ◽  
Lisa Fortener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

Age-related changes in gastrointestinal function have been reported in companion animals, but the impact on digestive efficiency remains uncertain. Healthy dogs (n = 37; 2.6–14.2 years) received four diets varying in total dietary fibre (TDF; 6–29%, as fed). Healthy cats (n = 28; 1–13 years) received four diets with two fat (10–12%; 17–18%) and TDF (9 and 12%) levels. In a crossover design, diets were provided over four consecutive 10-day cycles, including a 4-day faecal collection. Apparent crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), TDF, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) digestibilities were determined. The effect of age was analysed as a continuous variable in dogs and as differences between adult (1–5 years) and senior (7–13 years) cats. In dogs, EE digestibility was unaffected by age (p > 0.10). Dogs of 6–12 years had higher digestibility of CP (p = 0.032), TDF (p = 0.019), Ca (p = 0.019), and P (p = 0.024) when fed the 6% TDF diet. Senior cats had greater digestibility of TDF (p < 0.01) and Ca (p = 0.024) but had lower EE and CP digestibility with one diet (17% fat; 9%TDF) (age, p > 0.10; diet × age, p < 0.001). Healthy ageing was associated with preserved nutrient digestibility in dogs and cats within the age ranges studied. The effect of ingredient sources in senior cats warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Microbiota and Metabolite Modifications after Dietary Exclusion of Dairy Products and Reduced Consumption of Fermented Food in Young and Older Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Kim ◽  
Kathryn J. Burton-Pimentel ◽  
Charlotte Fleuti ◽  
Carola Blaser ◽  
Valentin Scherz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota adapts to age-related changes in host physiology but is also affected by environmental stimuli, like diet. As a source of both pre- and probiotics, dairy and fermented foods modulate the gut microbiota composition, which makes them interesting food groups to use for the investigation of interactions between diet and ageing. Here we present the effects of excluding dairy products and limiting fermented food consumption for 19 days on gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites of 28 healthy, young (YA) and older (OA) adult men. The intervention affected gut microbial composition in both groups, with significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in bacteria of the Clostridiales order. Lower fasting levels of glucose and insulin, as well as dairy-associated metabolites like lactose and pentadecanoic acid, were observed after the intervention, with no effect of age. The intervention also decreased HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Dairy fat intake was positively associated with the HDL cholesterol changes but not with the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, restricting the intake of dairy and fermented foods in men modified their gut microbiota and blood metabolites, while the impact of the dietary restrictions on these outcomes was more marked than the effect of age.

scholarly journals Action-Related Thoughts and Beliefs Regulate the Effect of Age Stereotypes on Aging Preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Frieder Lang ◽  
Helene Fung ◽  
Dwight Tse ◽  
Yaeji Kim-Knauss
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bipolar Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Thinking about old age stereotypically affects one’s engagement in age-related behaviors and developmental regulation. We hypothesized that positive or negative aging stereotype (AS) would be associated with more or less aging preparation, while action-related thoughts and beliefs might exert influence thereon. We used the AAF online-study dataset consisting of 591 German, 348 Chinese, and 139 American adults (aged 18−93 and 55% female). Using a count measure of 15-preparatory-activities, we first explored the role of AS measured by a bipolar scale and how perceived utility and risk of aging preparation differentiate this association. Findings revealed that perceiving more utility buffered the impact of negative AS, which suggests that one’s action-related thoughts are more proximal and self-relevant predictor of aging preparation. Besides, Chinese and Americans were more susceptible to the presence of AS than Germans, implying that cultural background or societal conditions might also shape one’s belief system and thereby regulate behaviors.

scholarly journals Impact of age on breathing and resistive pressure in people with and without sleep apnea

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen A. K. Browne ◽  
Lewis Adams ◽  
Anita K. Simonds ◽  
Mary J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Pulmonary Resistance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

We investigated the effect of age on breathing and total pulmonary resistance (Rl) during sleep by studying elderly (>65 yr) and young (25–38 yr) people without sleep apnea (EN and YN, respectively) matched for body mass index (BMI). To determine the impact of sleep apnea on age-related changes in breathing, we studied elderly and young apneic patients (EA and YA, respectively) matched for apnea and BMI. In all groups ( n = 11), breathing during periods of stable sleep was analyzed to evaluate the intrinsic variability of respiratory control mechanisms. In the absence of sleep apnea, the variability of the breathing was similar in the elderly and young [mean (± SD) coefficient of variation (CV) of tidal volume (Vt); wake: EN 21.0 ± 14.9%, YN 14.7 ± 5.5%; sleep: EN 14.0 ± 6.0%; YN 11.5 ± 6.4%]. In patients with sleep apnea, breathing during stable sleep was more irregular, but there were no age-related differences (CV of Vt; wake: EA 22.0 ± 11.6%, YA 16.7 ± 11.3%; sleep: EA 32.8 ± 24.9%, YA 25.2 ± 16.3%). In addition, EN tended to have a higher Rl( n = 6, Rl midinspiration, wake: EN 7.1 ± 3.0; YN 9.1 ± 6.4 cmH2O · l−1 · s, sleep: EN 17.5 ± 11.7; YN 9.8 ± 2.0 cmH2O · l−1 · s). We conclude that aging per se does not contribute to the intrinsic variability of respiratory control mechanisms, although there may be a lower probability of finding elderly people without respiratory instability.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Executive Functions Within High-Level Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Francis Beavan ◽  
Jan Spielmann ◽  
Jan Mayer ◽  
Sabrina Skorski ◽  
Tim Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

Background: When measuring executive functions (EF), it is common for athletes to be assessed on their ability to detect and process explicit sources of information. Yet not all of the information is perceived explicitly in an environment. Aim: This study aimed to include a new assessment that measures the impact of implicitly perceived congruent and incongruent visual precues on response times. Method: Seventy-four male soccer players: U12 (n=15), U13 (n=17), U17 (n=21) and U19 (n=21) representing a German 1st league club were assessed on four cognitive tasks. Results: The MANOVAs revealed a multivariate effect of age group on a reactive stress tolerance task (F(6,140)=11.670, p<0.001, ES=0.38) and a Stop Signal Reaction Time task (F(6,144)=6.142, p<0.001, ES=0.20). A one-way ANOVA revealed an age group effect for response accuracy in a multiple-object-tracking task (F(3,74)=4.05, p=0.01, ES=0.14). Lastly, a within-subjects effect of congruency on the implicit precued task (F(1,74)=51.32, p<0.001, ES=0.41) and a between-subjects effect of age group (F(3,74)=4.30, p=0.008, ES=0.15) was observed. Interpretation: The results provided support for including an implicit precueing task, while the overall testing demonstrated that the magnitude of the increase in EF performance between ages was greater across the younger age groups compared to the older age groups.  

scholarly journals Contributions of Age-Related and Audibility-Related Deficits to Aided Consonant Identification in Presbycusis: A Causal-Inference Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Varnet ◽  
Agnès C. Léger ◽  
Sophie Boucher ◽  
Crystel Bonnet ◽  
Christine Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

The decline of speech intelligibility in presbycusis can be regarded as resulting from the combined contribution of two main groups of factors: (1) audibility-related factors and (2) age-related factors. In particular, there is now an abundant scientific literature on the crucial role of suprathreshold auditory abilities and cognitive functions, which have been found to decline with age even in the absence of audiometric hearing loss. However, researchers investigating the direct effect of aging in presbycusis have to deal with the methodological issue that age and peripheral hearing loss covary to a large extent. In the present study, we analyzed a dataset of consonant-identification scores measured in quiet and in noise for a large cohort (n = 459, age = 42–92) of hearing-impaired (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) listeners. HI listeners were provided with a frequency-dependent amplification adjusted to their audiometric profile. Their scores in the two conditions were predicted from their pure-tone average (PTA) and age, as well as from their Extended Speech Intelligibility Index (ESII), a measure of the impact of audibility loss on speech intelligibility. We relied on a causal-inference approach combined with Bayesian modeling to disentangle the direct causal effects of age and audibility on intelligibility from the indirect effect of age on hearing loss. The analysis revealed that the direct effect of PTA on HI intelligibility scores was 5 times higher than the effect of age. This overwhelming effect of PTA was not due to a residual audibility loss despite amplification, as confirmed by a ESII-based model. More plausibly, the marginal role of age could be a consequence of the relatively little cognitively-demanding task used in this study. Furthermore, the amount of variance in intelligibility scores was smaller for NH than HI listeners, even after accounting for age and audibility, reflecting the presence of additional suprathreshold deficits in the latter group. Although the non-sense-syllable materials and the particular amplification settings used in this study potentially restrict the generalization of the findings, we think that these promising results call for a wider use of causal-inference analysis in audiology, e.g., as a way to disentangle the influence of the various cognitive factors and suprathreshold deficits associated to presbycusis.

scholarly journals A Frailty Index based on clinical data to quantify mortality risk in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Banzato ◽  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Roberta Di Maggio ◽  
Elisa Nicoletto ◽  
Silvia Burti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frailty Index ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractFrailty is defined as a decline in an organism’s physiological reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to stressors. In humans, a single continuous variable, the so-called Frailty Index (FI), can be obtained by multidimensionally assessing the biological complexity of an ageing organism. Here, we evaluate this variability in dogs and compare it to the data available for humans. In dogs, there was a moderate correlation between age and the FI, and the distribution of the FI increased with age. Deficit accumulation was strongly related to mortality. The effect of age, when combined with the FI, was negligible. No sex-related differences were evident. The FI could be considered in epidemiological studies and/or experimental trials to account for the potential confounding effects of the health status of individual dogs. The age-related deficit accumulation reported in dogs is similar to that demonstrated in humans. Therefore, dogs might represent an excellent model for human aging studies.

Effects of Food Protein Levels on Haematological Parameters of Growing Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Serge-Olivier Konan KOUASSI ◽  
◽  
Yves Bénarèce Tra DJE BI ◽  
Soualio KAMAGATE ◽  
Mathieu Nahounou BLEYERE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to determine the impact of dietary crude protein levels on the hematological parameters of Japanese quail from growth to ovipositor. To this end, five feeds with different crude protein levels (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26%) were supplied to 700 quails of three weeks of age. These were subdivided into six batches, including three batches of females and three batches of males for each feed group. After subjecting the quails to diets containing the different protein levels, four samples were taken at the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh week of age. The samples taken were analyzed using an SYSMEX XN 350 automated hematological analyzer. The results of this investigation indicated that non-significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in hematological parameters in both female and male quails. This study showed that dietary crude protein levels had no impact on the health status of Japanese quails. Keywords: Japanese quails, Crude protein, Hematological parameters.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

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