scholarly journals Free Faecal Water: Analysis of Horse Faecal Microbiota and the Impact of Faecal Microbial Transplantation on Symptom Severity

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2776
Author(s):  
Louise Laustsen ◽  
Joan E. Edwards ◽  
Gerben D. A. Hermes ◽  
Nanna Lúthersson ◽  
David A. van Doorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prokaryotic Community ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Impact

Free faecal water (FFW) in equines results in pollution of the hindquarters and tail and can also involve clinical signs. Though the cause of FFW is unknown, it was hypothesized that it may involve the gut microbiota. This hypothesis was addressed as follows. First, the faecal prokaryotic community composition of horses suffering from FFW relative to healthy controls (n = 10) was compared. Second, FFW horses were treated with a standardised faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol (n = 10), followed by assessment of FFW symptom severity and faecal prokaryotic community composition over a follow-up period of 168 days. No significant differences were found in the faecal microbiota composition of FFW horses compared to healthy controls (p > 0.05). Relative to before FMT, FFW symptom severity decreased in affected horses 14 days after FMT (p = 0.02) and remained decreased for the remainder of the study (p < 0.02). However, individual animal responses to FMT varied. FMT had no effect on FFW horse faecal prokaryotic community composition in terms of alpha or beta diversity. Alpha diversity of the donor inocula used in the FMT was always lower than that of the faecal microbiota of the FFW treated horses (p < 0.001). In conclusion, whilst findings indicate FFW horses do not have an altered hindgut microbiota, some horses that received FMT had a temporary alleviation of FFW symptom severity without causing changes in the faecal microbiota. Future studies using controls are now needed to confirm the effectiveness of FMT to treat FFW.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection: a series of cases from the Federal District, Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Luise Schulte ◽  
José Diego Brito-Sousa ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda ◽  
Luciana Ansaneli Naves ◽  
Eliana Teles de Gois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, over 179.7 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, including the population living in dengue-endemic regions, particularly Latin America and Southeast Asia, raising concern about the impact of possible co-infections. Methods Thirteen SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection cases reported in Midwestern Brazil between April and September of 2020 are described. Information was gathered from hospital medical records regarding the most relevant clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic process, therapeutic interventions, together with clinician-assessed outcomes and follow-up. Results Of the 13 cases, seven patients presented Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Syndrome and six had pre-existing co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypopituitarism. Two patients were pregnant. The most common symptoms and clinical signs reported at first evaluation were myalgia, fever and dyspnea. In six cases, the initial diagnosis was dengue fever, which delayed the diagnosis of concomitant infections. The most frequently applied therapeutic interventions were antibiotics and analgesics. In total, four patients were hospitalized. None of them were transferred to the intensive care unit or died. Clinical improvement was verified in all patients after a maximum of 21 days. Conclusions The cases reported here highlight the challenges in differential diagnosis and the importance of considering concomitant infections, especially to improve clinical management and possible prevention measures. Failure to consider a SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection may impact both individual and community levels, especially in endemic areas.

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P &lt; 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P &lt; 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P &lt; 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P &lt; 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P &gt; 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

scholarly journals Reorganisation of faecal microbiota transplant services during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Benjamin H Mullish ◽  
Colleen R Kelly ◽  
Zain Kassam ◽  
Ed J Kuijper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an exponential increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections and associated deaths, and represents a significant challenge to healthcare professionals and facilities. Individual countries have taken several prevention and containment actions to control the spread of infection, including measures to guarantee safety of both healthcare professionals and patients who are at increased risk of infection from COVID-19. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has a well-established role in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection. In the time of the pandemic, FMT centres and stool banks are required to adopt a workflow that continues to ensure reliable patient access to FMT while maintaining safety and quality of procedures. In this position paper, based on the best available evidence, worldwide FMT experts provide guidance on issues relating to the impact of COVID-19 on FMT, including patient selection, donor recruitment and selection, stool manufacturing, FMT procedures, patient follow-up and research activities.

Fecal microbiota in untreated children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – a comparison with healthy children and healthy siblings

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200551
Author(s):  
Anders Öman ◽  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Lars Engstrand ◽  
Lillemor Berntson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Relative Abundances

Objective Changes in the composition of gut microbiota has been suggested to be associated with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The objective in this study was to investigate if the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota differed between children with JIA and healthy controls, and if the microbiota differed between children with JIA and their healthy siblings. Methods In this multicenter, case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 75 children with JIA and 32 healthy controls. Eight of the healthy controls were siblings to eight children with JIA and they were compared only pairwise with their siblings. The microbiota was determined using sequencing amplicons from the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha diversity, community composition of microbiota and relative abundances of taxa were compared between children with JIA and healthy unrelated controls as well as between children with JIA and healthy siblings. Results Our data revealed no significant differences in α-diversity or community composition of microbiota between children with JIA, healthy unrelated controls or healthy siblings. Analyses of relative abundances of phyla, families and genera identified trends of differing abundances of some taxa in children with JIA, in comparison with both healthy controls and healthy siblings, but none of these findings were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusion There were no significant differences in the composition of fecal microbiota in children with JIA compared with healthy controls. The composition of microbiota in children with JIA did not differ significantly from that in their healthy siblings.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sense of Coherence (SOC) on Perceived Symptom Severity in IBS Patients at Baseline and Three-Years Follow up

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-467-S-468
Author(s):  
Katarina Wilpart ◽  
Gisela Ringstrom ◽  
Pernilla Jerlstad ◽  
Anette Lindh ◽  
Magnus Simren
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of storage time on the stability of stool microbiota richness, diversity, and composition

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Holzhausen ◽  
Maria Nikodemova ◽  
Courtney L. Deblois ◽  
Jodi H. Barnet ◽  
Paul E. Peppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Baseline Sample

Abstract Background New technologies like next-generation sequencing have led to a proliferation of studies investigating the role of the gut microbiome in human health, particularly population-based studies that rely upon participant self-collection of samples. However, the impact of methodological differences in sample shipping, storage, and processing are not well-characterized for these types of studies, especially when transit times may exceed 24 h. The aim of this study was to experimentally assess microbiota stability in stool samples stored at 4 °C for durations of 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with no additives to better understand effects of variable shipping times in population-based studies. These data were compared to a baseline sample that was immediately stored at − 80 °C after stool production. Results Compared to the baseline sample, we found that the alpha-diversity metrics Shannon’s and Inverse Simpson’s had excellent intra-class correlations (ICC) for all storage durations. Chao1 richness had good to excellent ICC. We found that the relative abundances of bacteria in the phyla Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria had excellent ICC with baseline for all storage durations, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ranged from moderate to good. We interpreted the ICCs as follows: poor: ICC < 0.50, moderate: 0.50 < ICC < 0.75, good: 0.75 < ICC < 0.90, and excellent: ICC > 0.90. Using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index, we found that the greatest change in community composition occurred between 0 and 24 h of storage, while community composition remained relatively stable for subsequent storage durations. Samples showed strong clustering by individual, indicating that inter-individual variability was greater than the variability associated with storage time. Conclusions The results of this analysis suggest that several measures of alpha diversity, relative abundance, and overall community composition are robust to storage at 4 °C for up to 96 h. We found that the overall community richness was influenced by storage duration in addition to the relative abundances of sequences within the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. Finally, we demonstrate that inter-individual variability in microbiota composition was greater than the variability due to changing storage durations.

scholarly journals Exploratory investigation of the outcomes of wheelchair provision through two service models in Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0228428
Author(s):  
Megan E. D’Innocenzo ◽  
Jonathan L. Pearlman ◽  
Yasmin Garcia-Mendez ◽  
Stephanie Vasquez-Gabela ◽  
Christina Zigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Service Models ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that only 17–37% of the approximately 77 million people who need a wheelchair have access to one. Many organizations are trying to address this need through varying service delivery approaches. For instance, some adhere to WHO’s recommended 8-steps service approach while others provide wheelchairs with little to no service. There is limited and sometimes conflicting evidence of the impact of the WHO’s recommendations on the outcomes of wheelchair provision. To help build this evidence, we \explored outcomes of two groups of users who received their wheelchairs through two service models over time. The 8-Steps group (n = 118) received a wheelchair selected from a range of models from service providers trained using the WHO process, and the standard of care (SOC) group (n = 24) received hospital-style wheelchairs and without clinical service. Interviews were conducted at baseline and at follow-up 3 to 6 months after provision, to collect data about wheelchair usage, satisfaction, skills, maintenance and repairs, and life satisfaction. Across-group statistical comparisons were not appropriate due to significant differences between groups. In general, participants used their wheelchairs every day but reported very low mobility levels (<500 meters for the 8-steps group, and <100 meters for the SOC group.) The 8-steps group used their wheelchair for either between 1–3 hours per day, or more than 8 hours per day. The SOC used it between 1 and 3 hours per day. Overall, wheelchair usage and wheelchair skills decreased over the 3- to 6-month data collection timeline. Wheelchair breakdowns were common in both groups emphasizing the need for maintenance, occurring more frequently in the 8-Steps (28.8%) compared to the SOC group (8%), and emphasizing the need for maintenance services. No significant differences were found when comparing device satisfaction across wheelchairs types. Our results emphasize the need for routine maintenance to address frequent wheelchair breakdowns. Our results also demonstrate a large disparity in several outcome variables across groups which motivates future studies where across-group comparisons are possible.

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 Insufficiency Contributes to the Duration and Frequency of Seizures in Epileptic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Leila Simani ◽  
◽  
Omidvar Rezaei ◽  
Fari Ryan ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Coq10 Deficiency ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

ntroduction: Oxidative stress has recently emerged as a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong endogenous antioxidant that protects cells from lipid oxidation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; however, the impact of CoQ10 on seizure characteristics in epileptic patients is unclear. Methods: The current study enrolled patients with Epileptic Seizure (ES) to evaluate their serum concentration of CoQ10 and to investigate whether a relationship exists between CoQ10 levels with the duration, frequency, and type of seizure. Results: A total of 39 patients with epileptic seizures and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. The levels of CoQ10 in ES patients were significantly lower in comparison with healthy controls (11.99±5.93 vs (ng/ml). 16.48±4.20 (ng/ml) P<0.001). We also found that the duration of epilepsy and seizure frequency was negatively correlated with serum CoQ10 levels. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CoQ10 deficiency might substantially contribute to the clinical signs of epileptic patients.

SAT0256 THE ROLE OF FAST-TRACK ULTRASOUND IN PREVENTING EARLY COMPLICATIONS AND RELAPSES IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1071.1-1071
Author(s):  
P. Delvino ◽  
S. Monti ◽  
A. Bartoletti ◽  
E. Bellis ◽  
F. Brandolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
First Relapse ◽  
The Impact

Background:Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of primary systemic vasculitis, mainly affecting adults over 50 years old. Permanent visual loss (PVL) is one of the most feared complications, occurring in about 20% of cases, typically prior to initiation of high-dose glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Color-duplex sonography (CDS) of temporal arteries (TAs) and large vessels (LVs) is recognized as a first-line diagnostic tool for patients with suspected GCA. A fast track approach (FTA), incorporating CDS has been associated to a significant reduction of PVL in two retrospective studies1,2.Objectives:To assess the impact of FTA on PVL and risk of relapses during follow-up compared to conventional care prior to the introduction of the FTA in our rheumatology clinic.Methods:Patients with new-onset GCA evaluated in our department from January 1998 to September 2019 were included in the study. The FTA approach for GCA was implemented since October 2016. The diagnosis of GCA was based on positive TAs and/or LVs CDS and/or a positive TA biopsy and clinical signs and symptoms of GCA. All patients were clinically examined by the same rheumatologist who performed the CDS. PVL was defined as total visual impairment in one or both eyes. Data on baseline clinical features and later outcomes were collected.Results:153 patients were included: 115 females (75.2%), mean age at diagnosis 71.6±8.2 years. Of these, 112 patients (73%) were evaluated conventionally and 41 (27%) with FTA. Patients in the FTA group were older (P=0.0002), presented more frequently with polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms, weight loss, jaw or tongue claudication and scalp tenderness (P<0.05 for all comparisons). The median duration of follow-up in the FTA group was shorter compared with the conventional group (1.5 vs 5.8 years). PVL occurred in 22 (19.6%) patients in the conventional group compared to 5 patient (12.2%) in the FTA, leading to a reduction of 37.9% in the relative risk of PVL with the FTA approach. Cumulative incidence of relapses and time to first relapse did not change after FTA introduction (P>0.05) (Fig. 1).Conclusion:The application of a FTA in GCA resulted in a significant reduction of PVL. However, the relapse rate did not seem to be influenced by the FTA, highlighting the need to implement further management strategies, besides earlier diagnosis and prompt initiation of GC, that would impact the course of the disease during long-term follow-upReferences:[1]Patil P, Williams M, Maw WW et al. Fast track pathway reduces sight loss in giant cell arteritis: results of a longitudinal observational cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015;33(Suppl 89):S-103-6.[2]Diamantopoulos AP, Haugeberg G, Lindland A, Myklebust G. The fast-track ultrasound clinic for early diagnosis of giant cell arteritis significantly reduces permanent visual impairment: towards a more effective strategy to improve clinical outcome in giant cell arteritis? Rheumatology 2016;55:66_70.Fig. 1.Time to first relapse in patients with GCA and evaluated with a FTA compared to conventionally approached patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) 11 and 19 years after orchiectomy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4562-4562
Author(s):  
Mette Sprauten ◽  
Marianne Brydoy ◽  
Hege Sagstuen Haugnes ◽  
Carl Wilhelm Langberg ◽  
Olav Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Testicular Cancer Survivors ◽  
The Impact

4562 Background: Hypogonadism, i.e., low T-, high LH- and/or FSH-levels, is frequently observed in TCSs and is associated with cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and reduced quality of life. Little is known about the impact of aging on hypogonadism in TCSs. Methods: T, LH, and FSH levels were retrieved twice from 874 TCSs median 11 (S11) and 19 (S19) years after orchiectomy and categorized based on cut-offs calculated from 570 healthy controls (C), separately for each decadal age group. Treatment was categorized into surgery (S), radiotherapy (RT) or cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Impact of treatment and aging on T, LH and FSH levels was assessed by comparing proportions of TCSs grouped into the C quartiles by ordinal logistic regression and expressed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: TCSs had lower T and higher LH and FSH levels than C at S11 and S19 (p<0.05, except for LH after S at S11) (Table).Approximately 50% of TCSs had T levels in the lowestquartile at S11 and S19. The proportion of TCSs with T below the 2.5% cut-off threshold for C increased from S11 to S19, for the S (9.7 - 12.5%), RT (9.4 - 16.3%) and CT group (12.5- 19.9%). Conclusions: TCSs had lower T and higher LH and FSH levels than C of similar age indicating an impact of treatment. Importantly, proportions of TCSs in the highest LH quartile and below the 2.5% cut-off for T-level increased from S11 to S19, indicating an accelerated hormonal aging. Continued follow-up of hormone levels is important. [Table: see text]

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