scholarly journals Effect of Feed Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum, Alone or in Combination with Carob Meal or Citrus Pulp, on Digestive and Metabolic Status of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2924
Author(s):  
Marina López ◽  
Josefa Madrid ◽  
Fuensanta Hernández ◽  
Martín Antonio Ros ◽  
Juan Carlos Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Serum Biochemical

This work studied the effects of the inclusion of Clostridium butyricum on feed, alone or with carob meal or citrus pulp, on the digestive and metabolic status of weaned piglets. A total of 30 male piglets (weaned at 21 days) is used. There are five dietary treatments: negative without ZnO at high doses (C-), a positive control supplemented with ZnO at 2500 ppm of Zn (C+), supplemented with Clostridium butyricum as a probiotic (PRO), and supplemented with probiotic and 5% carob meal (PROC) or 5% citrus pulp (PROP). During the experiment (27 days), the piglets were periodically weighed and sampled for a serum biochemical, fecal microbiological, intestine histological, and digestive status analysis. The body weight, apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), and fecal microbiology were not affected by the treatments (p ≥ 0.05). However, the apparent fecal digestibility of DM was lower for the C- treatment than for C+ (p < 0.05), and the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in feces with C+ was lower than that for the PROC treatment (p < 0.05). The treatments with the probiotic had a higher molar proportion of butyric acid in feces than C+, and it was found that C- reached an intermediate value (p < 0.01). No general effects of diet were found on the histological measures performed on the jejunum and ileum, and in the serum biochemical analysis (p ≥ 0.05), only the concentration of interleukin-8 was lower for the PROC treatment compared to the C-, C+, and PRO treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the intestinal wellness of piglets could be improved with the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum by increasing butyric acid, and this effect was not altered with the inclusion of carob meal or citrus pulp. More studies under commercial conditions are needed, as the effects might be different in more challenging environmental circumstances.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy and nitrogen supplements on rumen fermentation and protozoa population in buffalo and zebu cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Franzolin ◽  
Fabrício Pini Rosales ◽  
Weber Vilas Bôas Soares
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Citrus Pulp

The effects were assessed of two energy sources in concentrate (ground grain corn vs. citrus pulp) and two nitrogen sources (soybean meal vs. urea) on rumen metabolism in four buffaloes and four zebu cattle (Nellore) with rumen cannula and fed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with feeds containing 60% sugar cane. Energy supplements had no effect on the rumen ammonia concentration in cattle, but ground grain corn promoted higher ammonia level than citrus pulp in buffalo. Urea produced higher ammonia level than soybean meal in both animal species. On average, the buffaloes maintained a lower rumen ammonia concentration (11.7 mg/dL) than the cattle (14.5 mg/dL). Buffaloes had lower production of acetic acid than cattle (58.7 vs. 61.6 mol/100 mol) and higher of propionic acid (27.4 vs. 23.6 mol/100 mol). There was no difference in the butyric acid production between the buffaloes (13.6 mol/100 mol) and cattle (14.8 mol/100 mol) and neither in the total volatile fatty acids concentration (82.5 vs. 83.6 mM, respectively). The energy or nitrogen sources had no effect on rumen protozoa count in either animal species. The zebu cattle had higher rumen protozoa population (8.8 × 10(5)/mL) than the buffaloes (6.1 × 10(5)/mL). The rumen protozoa population differed between the animal species, except for Dasytricha and Charonina. The buffaloes had a lower Entodinium population than the cattle (61.0 vs 84.9%, respectively) and a greater percentage of species belonging to the Diplodiniinae subfamily than the cattle (28.6 vs. 1.4%, respectively). In cattle, ground corn is a better energy source than citrus pulp for use by Entodinium and Diplodiniinae. In the buffaloes, the Entodinium are favored by urea and Diplodiniinae species by soybean meal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antipyretic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Corchorus depressus Linn. in Escherichia coli–induced pyretic rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879295
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Sabira Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the antipyretic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Corchorus depressus Linn. against Escherichia coli ( E. coli)-induced pyrexia in rabbits. Hydroalcohalic extracts of C. depressus were given orally at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for antipyretic affect in E. coli-induced fever in rabbits. The animals were divided into five groups of five each. Among these five groups, three received various doses of experimental treatments, whereas the fourth one served as positive control and received paracetamol. The fifth group of animals served as negative control and received no treatment. The body temperature of the rabbits was measured rectally over a period of 5 h. C. depressus exhibited better effects at dose rate of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. depressus has significant antipyretic effect. These results lend support to the popular use of C. depressus in traditional medicine as a remedy for pyrexia and suggest that the characterization of the principles for such activity deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR SARI BUAH LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne.) PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvergicus) YANG DIINDUKSIKAN KARBON TETRAKLORIDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Indrawan Aditya ◽  
Ihwan Ihwan ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
The Third ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Carotene Beta

One of the plants that are often used in traditional medicine is the fruit of pumpkin used to treat hepatitis manner pumpkin fruit cut into small pieces and then steamed, then eaten .Pumpkin fruits contain active compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is converted in the body into vitamin A is beneficial for the growth, maintenance of body tissues and to reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease. This study aims to determine pumpkin juice has a hepatoprotective activities on liver function by looking at parameters SGPT and SGOT in rats after induced CCl4. Type of experimental research using True Experimental research design design. Test animals were grouped into 5 groups, each group consisting of 3 rats. The first group of positive control (Methicol®), the second group negative control (CCl4), the third group of pumpkin juice 25%, the fourth group of pumpkin juice 50%, the fifth group of pumpkin juice 75%. From the results of this study concluded that the pumpkin juice 75% effective as a hepatoprotective by looking at parameters SGPT is 48 U/liter and SGOT is 66 U/liter in rats after induced carbon tetrachloride

scholarly journals Effects of Chicken Manure and Plantain Peel-Based Fertilization on Kalenda Eggplant (Solanum melongena L) Fruit Biochemical Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Alla Kouadio Théodore ◽  
Ahon Gnamien Marcel ◽  
Bomisso Edson Lezin
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Our study aims at improving the nutritional quality of eggplant fruits through application of organic fertilization. The study was conducted in Bingerville (located in the south of Côte d'Ivoire and west of Abidjan city), from April to August 2019. The work consisted in assessing, in a randomized complete block design, the effects of five manures on the biochemical parameters of Kalenda eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits. The manures studied were T1: chicken manure, T2: chicken manure + plantain peel compost, T3: chicken manure + plantain peel potash, T4: plantain peel compost, T0: no fertilizer, T5 (positive control): NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4). The results showed that fiber, protein, lipid, sodium and iron contents were not influenced by the different treatments. However, treatments T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)), T4 (plantain peel compost), T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) and T2 (chicken manure + plantain peel compost) induced the highest carbohydrate and energy content of fruits. With respect to phosphorus and potassium, treatments T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)), T4 (plantain peel compost) and T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) had higher phosphorus values than those of other fertilizers T2 (chicken manure + plantain peel compost), T1 (chicken manure) with an average of 27; 26.58 and 25.491 mg per 100 g FM, respectively. Plants grown on the sites fertilized with chemical treatment T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)) produced the fruits richest in potassium with an average equal to 255.16 mg per 100 g FM, followed by treatment T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) (245.5 mg/100g FM). For magnesium and calcium, treatments T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) and T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)) were characterized by the lowest contents, thus reflecting an antagonism between potassium and these minerals. From this study, it appears that plantain peel applied as an organic fertilizer on eggplant is a source of potassium, phosphorus, carbohydrates and energy for a good nutritional balance of the body.

scholarly journals The effect of the Ketostop-EL feed supplement on the clinical and metabolic status of lactating cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06033
Author(s):  
N.B. Nikulina ◽  
E.V. Baidak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A study was conducted on dairy cows aged 3-6 lactation, which were additionally fed with the Ketostop-El supplement at the rate of 300 g per head for 4 weeks after calving. The use of the feed supplement for 14 days led to a decrease in the number of monocytes, total protein, glucose, creatinine, total calcium and the activity of ALT and AST compared to their level before the use of Ketostop-El. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of urine and increase in the average daily milk yield were noted. The use of the supplement for 28 days contributed to a decrease in hematocrit, the sorption capacity of red blood cells, total protein, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, total calcium, reserve alkalinity, ALT and AST activity and an increase in the number of basophils, eosinophils, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus compared to the initial data. At the same time, a decrease in the level of protein and ketones in the urine was observed. An increase in the average daily milk yield and the mass fraction of fat in milk was also recorded. The feed supplement "Ketostop-El" has a positive effect on the body of dairy cows, as evidenced by the normalization of the clinical and metabolic status, as well as an increase in the dairy productivity of animals.

scholarly journals EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI LABU KUNING (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA DUCHESNE) SEBAGAI ANTELMINTIK PADA CACING GELANG (ASCARIDIA GALLI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Noni Zakiah ◽  
Vonna Aulianshah ◽  
T. Maulana Hidayatullah ◽  
Faridah Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

Kegunaan labu kuning di Indonesia masih sebatas daging buah yang dapat diolah menjadi panganan seperti kue basah, kolak dan sayur berkuah. Secara empiris, biji labu kuning telah digunakan untuk mengatasi cacingan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mortalitas cacing gelang (Ascaridia galli) dalam ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor Ascaridia galli yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol negatif menggunakan larutan NaCl fisiologis, kelompok II kontrol positif menggunakan larutan pirantel pamoat 0,5 %, kelompok III, IV dan V berturut-turut menggunakan 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml dan 100 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning. Parameter penelitian ini ditentukan dengan melihat persentase nilai skor pasca inkubasi 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Skor 3 diberikan apabila seluruh tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 2 diberikan jika hanya sebagian tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 1 jika Ascaridia galli diam tetapi masih hidup, dan skor 0 apabila Ascaridia galli mati. Hasil uji in vitro dengan perlakuan 25 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning menyebabkan kematian 3 ekor Ascaridia galli  atau 60% pasca inkubasi 36 jam, sedangkan ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning dengan perlakuan 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml dan kelompok kontrol positif mengakibatkan kematian 4 ekor Ascaridia galli atau 80% pasca inkubasi 36 jam. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) dosis 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, dan 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dalam waktu 36 jam mampu mengakibatkan mortalitas Ascaridia galli. The use of yellow pumpkin in Indonesia is still limited to fruit meat that can be processed into snacks such as soggy cakes, porridge and vegetable soup. This research was conducted to determine the mortality of Ascaridia galli in ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). This study used 25 Ascaridia galli which were divided into 5 groups, group I was negative control using physiological NaCl solution, group II was positive control using 0.5% pirantel pamoate solution, group III, IV and V respectively used 25 mg / ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds. The parameters of this study were determined by looking at the percentage of post-incubation scores 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. A score of 3 is given if the whole body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 2 is given if only part of the body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 1 if Ascaridia galli is still but still alive, and a score of 0 if Ascaridia galli dies. In vitro test results with 25 mg/ml ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds caused 3 deaths of Ascaridia galli or 60% after incubation for 36 hours, while ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds treated with 50 mg / ml, 100 mg/ml and positive control group resulting in the death of 4 Ascaridia galli or 80% after 36 hours incubation. From the results of the study concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) doses of 25 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, and 100 mg / ml in vitro within 36 hours can lead to Ascaridia galli mortality.

scholarly journals Continuous Volatile Fatty Acid Production From Acid Brewery Spent Grain Leachate in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Castilla-Archilla ◽  
Jonas Heiberger ◽  
Simon Mills ◽  
Julia Hilbig ◽  
Gavin Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Ph Shock ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors using leachate from thermal diluted acid hydrolysis of brewery spent grain was evaluated. Partial inhibition of the anaerobic digestion process to induce VFA accumulation was achieved by applying a high organic loading rate [from 15.3 to 46.0 gCOD/(L·day)], and using a feed with an inlet concentration of 15 g/L total carbohydrates. Two EGSB reactors were operated under identical conditions, both inoculated with the same granular sludge. However, granular sludge in one reactor (R1) was subsequently disaggregated to flocculent sludge by a pH shock, whereas granules remained intact in the other reactor (R2). The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of both reactors was decreased from 36 to 24, 18 and 12 h. The main fermented compounds were acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and ethanol. Despite fluctuations between these products, their total concentration was quite stable throughout the trial at about 134.2 (±27.8) and 141.1 (±21.7) mmol/L, respectively, for R1 and R2. Methane was detected at the beginning of the trial, and following some periods of instability in the granular sludge reactor (R2). The hydrogen yield increased as the HRT decreased. The highest VFA production was achieved in the granular sludge reactor at a 24 h HRT, corresponding to 120.4 (±15.0) mmol/L of VFAs. This corresponded to an acidification level of 83.4 (±5.9) g COD of VFA per 100 gram of soluble COD.

scholarly journals Efficiency investigation of the use of pyrophyllite in ensiling maize plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Milan Adamović ◽  
Mirjana Stojanović ◽  
Muhamed Harbinja ◽  
Marijana Maslovarić ◽  
Aleksandra Bočarov-Stančić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Air Passage

The paper presents the results of testing the effect of pyrophyllite shale (pyrophyllite) on the quality of maize plant silage, primarily on the production of organic acids, pH value, quality assessment and microbiological safety. The ensiling was done in plastic containers which allowed the storage of 10 kg of chopped green mass. Tested pyrophyllite doses were: 0% in the control treatment (I), 0.5 and 1.0% in experimental treatments (II and III, respectively). Granulated pyrophyllite (100 µm), originating from Parsovići, Konjic site, AD Harbi Ltd., Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was manually incorporated. The chopped green mass of the maize plant came from FAO 600 hybrids. The green mass containing 37.17% of dry matter (final waxy ripening phase) was compressed in the same manner in all three treatments during the filling of the vessels. The containers were then covered with nylon foil (0.2 mm) above which a layer of fine sand (approx. 5 cm) was placed in toward the silage protection from air passage. The silages were opened after 7 weeks and organoleptic, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. The organoleptic properties of silages (colour and odour) were better in silages containing 0.5 and 1.0% pyrophyllite. The silage temperature at the moment of opening of the containers was lower in the treatments with 0.5 and 1.0% added pyrophyllite (13.7 and 13.2 °C, respectively) while in the control treatment it was 14.6 °C. The addition of pyrophyllite to silage affected the production of volatile fatty acids (p ≤ 0.05). The highest amount of lactic acid was found in the silage sample without the addition of pyrophyllite, and acetic acid in the silage treated with 0.5 and 1.0% of pyrophyllite. The lowest amount of butyric acid was determined in the silage with the addition of 1% pyrophyllite. Based on the content and interrelationship of lactic, acetic and butyric acid, as well as the pH values, all three silages were rated as the highest (I) class. The number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, as well as the number of yeasts, was lower in the silages with the addition of 0.5 and 1.0% pyrophyllite. In future, particular attention should be paid on the possibility of pyrophyllite enrichment (e.g. with nitrogen) and more appropriate physical formulation (e.g. granules) that would allow more efficient practical application.

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