Inflammatory Markers in Uterine Lavage Fluids of Pregnant, Non-Pregnant, and Intrauterine Device Implanted Mares on Days 10 and 15 Post Ovulation

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are used in mares to suppress oestrous behaviour, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The presence of an embryo or an IUD prevents cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, subsequently, prostaglandin (PG) release and luteolysis. However, inflammation may also be involved. Endometrial inflammatory markers in uterine lavage fluid were measured on Day 10 (EXP 1, n = 25) and Day 15 (EXP 2, n = 27) after ovulation in inseminated mares, non-pregnant or pregnant, and in mares in which a small plastic sphere had been inserted into the uterus 4 (EXP 1) or 3 days (EXP 2) after ovulation. Uterine lavage fluid samples were analysed for nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (only Exp. 1), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), inhibin A and cytokines, and blood samples for progesterone and oestradiol. On Day 10, the concentration of PGF2α was lower (p < 0.05) in the IUD group than in pregnant mares. The concentration of the modulatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly higher in the IUD group in comparison to non-pregnant mares, and inhibin A was significantly higher in IUD mares than in the pregnant counterparts on Day 15. The results suggest that the presence of IUD causes endometrial inflammation which is at a resolution stage on Day 15.

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Effect of inhaled hydrosoluble curcumin on inflammatory markers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of horses with LPS-induced lung neutrophilia

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1186/s40248-015-0010-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charlotte Sandersen ◽

Dorothee Bienzle ◽

Simona Cerri ◽

Thierry Franck ◽

Sandrine Derochette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Lavage Fluid

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Effects of intrauterine devices on proteins in the uterine lavage fluid of mares

Theriogenology ◽

10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M.M. Rivera del Alamo ◽

T. Katila ◽

M. Palviainen ◽

T. Reilas

Keyword(s):

Lavage Fluid ◽

Intrauterine Devices ◽

Uterine Lavage

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Anti-inflammatory properties of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer in the North of Vietnam

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/16019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 301-307

Author(s):

Pham Anh Thu ◽

Nguyen Hoang Son ◽

Le Thanh Huong ◽

Nguyen Hai Dang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Cell Model ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

The North ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Low Cytotoxicity

Inflammation is the body's homeostatic defense mechanism in which the immune system reacts to remove foreign bodies. Chronic inflammation can increase the risk for additional damage like autoimmune diseases, arthritis, diabetes and can result in death. Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer distributed widely in Vietnam have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of some gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extracts of A. maximum (AMM) and A. muricarpum Elmer (AMC) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. The total extracts showed that the extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity and potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing excessive nitric oxide (NO). The IC50 values of AMC and AMM were found to be 12.67 ± 1.7 µg/mL and 42.7 ± 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrated that AMC reduced the inflammatory response in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model via inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 while AMM seemed to modulate the inflammatory effect through the iNOS pathway only. In conclusion, AMM and AMC root extracts might be potential candidates for a study of naturally alternative anti-inflammatory drugs.

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YiQiFuMai Lyophilized Injection Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury via TLR4/Src/VE-cadherin/p120-catenin Signaling Pathway

10.21203/rs.3.rs-63630/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xue-wei Pan ◽

Li-xuan Xue ◽

Qian-liu Zhou ◽

Jia-zhi Zhang ◽

Yu-jie Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Cecal Ligation ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Lung Edema ◽

P120 Catenin

Abstract Background: Sepsis is a severe disorder leading to a clinically critical syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Most patients with sepsis will be associated with acute lung injury (ALI), which is an independent risk factors of organ failure and death in patients with sepsis at the same time. YiQiFuMai Lyophilized Injection (YQFM) is a modern traditional Chinese prescription preparation, which could ameliorate ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or fine particulate matter. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of YQFM on sepsis-induced ALI and the underlying mechanism.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) after tail intravenous injected with YQFM (1, 2 and 4 g/kg). The measurements of lung edema, evans blue leakage, myeloperoxidase content, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histopathological assay and expression of associated proteins were performed at 18 h after CLP.Results: The results illustrated that YQFM inhibited pulmonary edema and inflammatory response, thus ameliorated ALI in sepsis mice. Furthermore, the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated Src was down-regulated, and the expression of p120-catenin and VE-cadherin was restored by YQFM administration.Conclusion: Our study suggested the therapeutic potential of YQFM on treating sepsis-induced ALI via regulating TLR4/Src/VE-cadherin/p120-catenin signaling pathway.

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Mucus accumulation in the lungs precedes structural changes and infection in children with cystic fibrosis

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.aav3488 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (486) ◽

pp. eaav3488 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Charles R. Esther ◽

Marianne S. Muhlebach ◽

Camille Ehre ◽

David B. Hill ◽

Matthew C. Wolfgang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Airway Disease ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Although destructive airway disease is evident in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF), little is known about the nature of the early CF lung environment triggering the disease. To elucidate early CF pulmonary pathophysiology, we performed mucus, inflammation, metabolomic, and microbiome analyses on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 46 preschool children with CF enrolled in the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) program and 16 non-CF disease controls. Total airway mucins were elevated in CF compared to non-CF BALF irrespective of infection, and higher densities of mucus flakes containing mucin 5B and mucin 5AC were observed in samples from CF patients. Total mucins and mucus flakes correlated with inflammation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Many CF BALFs appeared sterile by culture and molecular analyses, whereas other samples exhibiting bacterial taxa associated with the oral cavity. Children without computed tomography–defined structural lung disease exhibited elevated BALF mucus flakes and neutrophils, but little/no bacterial infection. Although CF mucus flakes appeared “permanent” because they did not dissolve in dilute BALF matrix, they could be solubilized by a previously unidentified reducing agent (P2062), but notN-acetylcysteine or deoxyribonuclease. These findings indicate that early CF lung disease is characterized by an increased mucus burden and inflammatory markers without infection or structural lung disease and suggest that mucolytic and anti-inflammatory agents should be explored as preventive therapy.

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Rgx365, a Rare Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenoside Fraction from Black Ginseng, Suppresses Inflammatory Gene iNOS via the Iinhibition of p-STAT-1 and NF-κB

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x20500536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (05) ◽

pp. 1091-1102

Author(s):

So Yeon Jeong ◽

Ji-Eun Kim ◽

Gyu-Yong Song ◽

Jong-Sup Bae

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Inos Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Rna Transfection ◽

Inos Protein Expression ◽

Black Ginseng ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Human Pulmonary Artery

Black ginseng (BG), which is ginseng that has been steamed and dried nine times, and its main protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides Rg4, Rg6, Rh4, and Rg2 have been reported to exhibit various forms of biological activity, including antiseptic, antidiabetic, wound-healing, immune-stimulatory, and anti-oxidant activity. The aim of the this study was to examine the effects of [Formula: see text] (a rare protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside fraction; Rg2, Rg4, Rg6, Rh1, and Rh4) on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction and on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-)2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). [Formula: see text] was tested to determine its effect on iNOS protein expression and inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1[Formula: see text] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-[Formula: see text] in the lung tissue of LPS-treated mice. The results showed that [Formula: see text] induced the expression of HO-1, reduced LPS-activated NF-[Formula: see text]B-luciferase activity, and inhibited iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2, which contributed to the inhibition of STAT-1 phosphorylation. In particular, [Formula: see text] induced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the nucleus by increasing Nrf2-ARE activity and decreased IL-1[Formula: see text] production in LPS-activated HPAECs. This reduction in iNOS/NO expression due to [Formula: see text] was reversed by siHO-1 RNA transfection. In LPS-treated mice, [Formula: see text] significantly reduced lung tissue iNOS protein levels and TNF-[Formula: see text] levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In conclusion, these findings indicate that [Formula: see text] has a critical anti-inflammatory effect due to its ability to regulate iNOS via the inhibition of p-STAT-1 and NF-[Formula: see text]B, and thus it may be suitable for the treatment of inflammatory disease.

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Intraluteal regulation of prostaglandin F2α-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in pseudopregnant rabbits

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-06-0107 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 133 (5) ◽

pp. 1005-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M Zerani ◽

C Dall’Aglio ◽

M Maranesi ◽

A Gobbetti ◽

G Brecchia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Enzymatic Activities ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Pg E2 ◽

Cox 1

The objective of the present study was to investigate in rabbit corpora lutea (CL), at both the cellular and molecular level, intraluteal cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2-9-ketoreductase (PGE2-9-K) enzymatic activities as well asin vitroPGE2 and PGF2α synthesis following PGF2α treatment at either early- (day-4) or mid-luteal (day-9) stage of pseudopregnancy. By immunohistochemistry, positive staining for COX-2 was localized in luteal and endothelial cells of stromal arteries at both the stages. In CL of both stages, basal COX-2 mRNA levels were poorly expressed, but rose (P< 0.01) 4- to 10-fold 1.5–6 h after treatment and then gradually decreased within 24 h. Compared to mid-stage, day-4 CL had lower (P< 0.01) COX-2 and PGE2-9-K basal activities, and PGF2α synthesis rate, but higher (P< 0.01) PGE2 production. Independent of luteal stage, PGF2α treatment did not affect COX-1 activity. In day-4 CL, PGF2α induced an increase (P< 0.01) in both COX-2 activity and PGF2α synthesis, whereas that of PGE2 remained unchanged. In day-9 CL, PGF2α up-regulated (P< 0.01) both COX-2 and PGE-9-K activities, and PGF2α production, but decreased (P< 0.01) PGE2 synthesis. All changes in gene expression and enzymatic activities occurred within 1.5 h after PGF2α challenge and were more marked in day-9 CL. Our data suggest that PGF2α directs intraluteal PG biosynthesis in mature CL, by affecting the CL biosynthetic machinery to increase the PGF2α synthesis in an auto-amplifying manner, with the activation of COX-2 and PGE-9-K; this may partly explain their differentially, age-dependent, luteolytic capacity to exogenous PGF2α in rabbits.

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253 THE MARE MODEL FOR LUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE SYNDROME: INTRAFOLLICULAR ENDOCRINE MILIEU

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv28n2ab253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 259

Author(s):

E. L. Gastal ◽

S. T. Bashir ◽

M. O. Gastal ◽

S. G. S. de Tarso ◽

S. P. Tazawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Single Point ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Sequential Data ◽

Flunixin Meglumine ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Luteinized Unruptured Follicle

Mechanisms underlying the development of luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome in mares were studied to provide a model for human anovulation. The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the effect of recombinant equine LH (reLH) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on LUF formation (Experiment 1), (2) to identify an optimal dose of COX-2 inhibitor (flunixin-meglumine; FM) required to experimentally induce LUF (Experiment 2), and (3) to evaluate the intrafollicular endocrine milieu in induced LUF (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, mares (n = 30) were treated with reLH from Days 7 to 15 (Day 0 = ovulation), with PGF2α on Day 7 or in combination. In Experiment 2 (n = 18 mares), FM at doses of 2.0 or 3.0 mg kg–1 every 12 h and hCG (1500 IU) were administered after a follicle ≥32 mm was detected. In Experiment 3 (n = 23 mares), FM at a dose of 2.0 mg kg–1 every 12 h plus hCG was used to induce LUF and investigate the intrafollicular endocrine milieu. Shapiro-Wilk tests were used for analysing data for normal distribution, and data not normally distributed were transformed to ranks before any further analyses. For sequential data, mixed model repeated-measures ANOVA were used. For single-point data, Student’s t-tests were used. No LUF were induced in mares treated with reLH or PGF2α, in combination or separately. However, LUF were induced in 100% of mares using FM at the dose rate of 2.0 and 3.0 mg kg–1 of body weight in combination with 1500 IU of hCG. Intrafollicular PGF2α metabolite (PGFM), PGF2α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were lower, and the ratio of PGE2 : PGF2α was higher in induced LUF. Higher levels of intrafollicular growth hormone, cortisol, oestradiol, testosterone, and total primary sex steroids were observed in the induced LUF group; however, LH, prolactin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and nitric oxide did not differ between the control and induced LUF groups. In conclusion, COX-2 inhibitors used in conjunction with hCG can be used to pharmacologically induce LUF with 100% success in mares. This study revealed part of the intrafollicular endocrine milieu and the association of prostaglandins in LUF formation. We postulated that LUF result from decreased intrafollicular prostaglandin concentrations or altered prostaglandin synthesis, as indicated by disparity in PGE2 : PGF2α ratio. Increased intrafollicular oestradiol, testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone were associated with LUF formation; however, further studies are necessary to ascertain the cause-effect relationship. The effect of LH on LUF formation remains unclear. This study further encourages the use of intrafollicular v. systemic biomarkers for evaluating ovulatory disorders. Finally, results from this study support the use of the mare as a model for investigating the poorly understood LUF syndrome in women.

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Maslinic Acid Ameliorates Inflammation via the Downregulation of NF-κB and STAT-1

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9020106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wonhwa Lee ◽

Jaehong Kim ◽

Eui Kyun Park ◽

Jong-Sup Bae

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Maslinic Acid ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Necrosis Factor

Maslinic acid (MA), a natural compound of the triterpenoid group derived from olive, prevents the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we characterized the effects of MA on the regulation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX-)2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). MA was tested in the lung tissues of LPS-treated mice, to determine its effect on levels of iNOS expression and representative inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We show that MA induced the expression of HO-1, reduced LPS-induced NF-κB-luciferase activity, and inhibited iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2, resulting in the downregulation of STAT-1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, our data show that MA induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, increased the binding of Nrf2 to ARE, and decreased IL-1α production in LPS-treated HUVECs. The MA-induced reduction in iNOS/NO expression was reversed by RNAi suppression of HO-1. In mice treated with LPS, MA significantly downregulated levels of iNOS in lung tissue and TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Taken together, our findings indicate that MA exerts a critical anti-inflammatory effect by modulating iNOS via the downregulation of NF-κB and p-STAT-1. Thus, we propose that MA may be an ideal substance to treat inflammatory diseases.

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