Individual Feed Efficiency Monitoring of Charolaise Candidate Young Bulls in Relation to Feeding Behavior and Self-Performance Test Results

This study evaluated the effect of differences in residual feed intake (RFI) of Charolaise candidate young bulls on feeding behavior and self-performance test results. Bulls were classified into high and low RFI (H-RFI, L-RFI) groups. Bulls were fed in a HOKOFARM system to measure individual animal intake and behavior. L-RFI bulls had significantly lower feed intakes (p = 0.002) and higher gain to feed ratio (p = 0.001), lower intake per day/kg DM (dry matter) (p = 0.002) and lower intake g/body weight/day (p < 0.001). L-RFI animals had lower visits number per day (p = 0.02), but spent longer time per visit (p = 0.02), and tended to have higher intake g/visit (p = 0.06) on feeders. The correlation between RFI and DMI (dry matter intake)/bodyweight/day as well as intake per day/kg were large and positive. Back-loin length and rump length, and moreover muzzle width and frame, showed negative correlations with RFI value. However, bulls with better RFI values associated with lower legs score. Results reveal that RFI was shown beneficial correlations with economically relevant self-performance traits. Further investigations are needed to seek additional indicator traits that are predictive for RFI.

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Test post-weaning duration for performance, feed intake and feed efficiency in Nellore cattle

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000200010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 301-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

André Michel de Castilhos ◽

Renata Helena Branco ◽

Alexander George Razook ◽

Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽

Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Performance Test ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Test Duration ◽

Nellore Cattle ◽

And Performance ◽

Daily Gain

This study was conducted to determine optimum test duration for measuring performance, feed intake and feed efficiency. Sixty young Nellore bulls were submitted to feeding performance test and fed in individual pens to determine feed intake and performance over 112 days. Body weight was determined every 28 days, after fasting of water and feed for 16 hours. Changes in variance, relative variance and Pearson and Spearman correlations among data from shortened test periods (28, 56 and 84 days) and full test period (112 days) were used to determine optimum test duration. Test duration for average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio and residual feed intake could be shortened to 84, 28, 84 and 84 days, respectively, without reducing significantly the reliability of measurements for animals fed in individual pens.

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Nutritional, behavioral and performance parameters of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows at different lactation stages

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-11659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1469-1478

Author(s):

P.F. Santana ◽

V.R. Rocha Júnior ◽

F.P. Monção ◽

J.R.M. Ruas ◽

L.A. Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

And Performance ◽

Zebu Cows

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the different lactation stages of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on intake and digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen use efficiency, feeding behavior and performance. Thirty-six F1 Holstein × Zebu cows with initial body weight (BW) of 482±43kg were used. The early, mid and late lactation stages were characterized after 50±13, 111.5±11.75 and 183.0±17.5 days in milk, respectively. A completely randomized design with three lactation stages and 12 cows in each treatment group was used. Dry matter intake (P=0.01) was higher in late lactation. Milk yield (P<0.01) was 24.17% higher in early lactation than in other stages. Body weight was lowest in mid-lactation cows (465.63kg; P<0.01). The feed efficiency was 23.36% higher in early lactation than in other stages (0.82kg of milk/kg of DM). F1 Holstein x Zebu cows have increased dry matter intake in late lactation. Milk yield and feed efficiency in early lactation were benefited by changes in feeding behavior, such as increased rumination time.

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PSXI-11 Comparison of once night vs. traditional twice a day feed-delivering schedule on feedlot performance of back-growing cattle in hot climate

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 377-378

Author(s):

Ruben Barajas ◽

Alejandro Ramos-Suarez ◽

Billy J Cervantes-Pacheco ◽

Bertha Chongo-García

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Feeding Schedule ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Hot Climate ◽

Growing Cattle ◽

Hot Weather ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract In the hot-weather regions, during the hottest hours of day, cattle experienced major difficulties dissipating excessive heat load to the environment. The main source of heat production of cattle is rumen fermentation process. Changing common feeding schedule from day to night hours could help cattle easily dissipate the heat from digestive process to surrounding and impact on its performance. With the objective of comparing once-per-night vs. traditional twice-a-day feed-delivering schedule on feedlot performance of back-growing cattle in hot climate, 80 bull-calves (244.9 kg BW) were involved in a 56 feedlot experiment, performed during summer of 2018 in Culiacan, Mexico. In a complete block design experiment in groups of five were placed in 16 ground pens (6 x 12 m), and inner each block pens were randomly assigned to two treatments: 1) Feeding twice a day at 0900 and 1530 hours (Control); and 2) Feeding once a day at 2000 hours (Night treatment). In animals fed ad libitum with a growing diet, body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were measured. Pen (five animals) was consider as the experimental unit (8 by treatment). Results were subject to ANOVA and P < 0.05 fitted to accept statistical difference. Across experiment, maximum and minimum temperature were 44.7 and 23.6 °C, respectively; and maximum and minimum THI were 95.99 and 73.07, respectively. Night feeding schedule increased (P < 0.01) in 5% final weight, 25% daily gain, 7% dry matter intake, and 17% feed efficiency (gain: feed ratio). Results suggest that feeding time has a strong influence on feedlot performance of cattle under hot weather. It is concludes that delivering feed during the night hours becomes as a viable feeding strategy to improve feedlot performance of cattle in hot climates.

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PSV-18 The role of leptin in feed efficiency and behavior attributes of commercial beef heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 162-162

Author(s):

Nayan Bhowmik ◽

Kris A Ringwall ◽

Carl R Dahlen ◽

Kendall C Swanson ◽

Jeffrey A Clapper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Frame Size ◽

And Behavior ◽

Plasma Leptin

Abstract Leptin is a 16-kDa-peptide hormone product of the leptin gene (LEP) that is predominantly synthesized by adipose tissues and has known involvement in regulation of feed intake, energy expenditure, reproduction, and immune functions. The objective was to determine the association of leptin genotype (LEP c.73C >T), leptin diplotype (LEPD) and plasma leptin hormone (LEPH) concentration with growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, and behavior characteristics in developing beef heifers. A total of 336 commercial beef heifers were genotyped for the LEP c.73C >T marker. Four single nucleotide polymorphism markers including LEP c.73C >T, ARS-BFGL-NGS-59298 (intron 1), BovineHD0400026029 (upstream) and BovineHD0400026063 (downstream) of LEP were considered for haplotype analysis. Eleven LEPD were identified for this study using parsimony-based analyses. Circulating levels of LEPH were measured on 333 heifers prior to their first breeding season and used to assign low or high concentration group based on population median. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS for repeated measures, fixed effects of ancestral breed group (n = 4), dam age category (n = 4), frame size group (n = 4), project cycle nested within birth year (n = 6), week of feed trial × year, LEP (n = 3) or LEPD (n = 11) or LEPH (n = 2), as well as week × LEPH (only for LEPH). There were no significant differences between LEP genotypes (P ≥ 0.11) or LEPD (P ≥ 0.33) for any of the studied traits. Heifers with low LEPH ate fewer meals per day (P = 0.02) and had more DMI per meal (P = 0.04) compared to those with high plasma leptin. Further research is needed to better understand plasma LEPH concentration and its role in feeding behavior attributes. However, circulatory LEPH before the breeding season may serve as a predictor for feeding behavior.

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Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1451 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽

Rasmo Garcia ◽

Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽

Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽

Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Four Levels ◽

Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

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Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.63053 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katariina Manni ◽

Marketta Rinne ◽

Erkki Joki-Tokola ◽

Arto Huuskonen

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Dairy Bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls. The feeding experiment comprised in total 32 Finnish Ayrshire bulls with an initial mean live weight (LW) of 122 kg and age of 114 days. Feeding treatments were silage ad libitum and daily barley allowance of 93 g kg-1 LW0.60 (A); restricted feeding (R) at 0.80 × A; increasing feeding (I) similar to R until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to A; and decreasing feeding (D) similar to A until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to R. Restricted feeding strategies decreased daily dry matter intake and LW gain and increased the time to reach the target carcass weight (300 kg). Bulls on I exhibited compensatory growth. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the treatments. The present experiment indicates that silage intake ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate resulted in most effective beef production.

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Intake of Tifton 85 chopped hay have positive effects on protein digestibility, and milk production and composition of Lacaune sheep

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e347985005

Author(s):

Alexandre Bernardi ◽

Antonio Waldimir Leopoldino da Silva ◽

Catia Capeletto ◽

Felipe Junior Portela da Silva ◽

Renata Cristina Defiltro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

D 12

This study compared the effects of unchopped and chopped hay on milk production and composition, feed digestibility, and physiology of Lacaune sheep. Eighteen ewes were stratified by parity (two or three), days of lactation (60 ± 3.7 days), and milk production (1.04 L/ewe/day), and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) Unchopped or 2) Chopped Tifton 85 hay. Corn silage and concentrate were also provided. Chopped hay ewes gave lower (P≤0.01) dry matter intake and greater (P=0.02) crude protein digestibility. No effects of treatment were detected (P≥0.38) for the digestibility of dry matter, or of neutral and acid detergent fibers. Chopped hay ewes had greater (P≤0.01) milk production (d 7 and d 12), lactation persistence, and feed efficiency. Ewes eating chopped hay had greater (P=0.03) protein concentration in their milk. However, there were no effects of treatment × day and treatments (P≥0.16) for concentrations of fat, lactose, minerals, deffated dry extract, or density. Ewes eating chopped hay presented lower (P<0.01) serum concentrations of urea and tended to have lower (P=0.10) serum concentrations of glucose only on d 12. However, there were no effects of treatment × day and treatments (P≥0.16) for serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides, or cholesterol. These data suggest that chopped hay promotes lower dry matter intake and serum concentrations of glucose and urea, but improves milk production, lactation persistence, feed efficiency, and protein concentration.

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Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab207 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo R. Müller ◽

Daniel I C. G. Gouvêa ◽

André F. Francischinelli ◽

Guiherme D. A. Alvarenga ◽

Pablo C Castagnino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Whole Cottonseed

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (4 animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA [dry matter (DM) basis] of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6), 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6), 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6), and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 days, whereas dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily and blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets increased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,cis-12, C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P < 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (P = 0.03), but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on d 103 vs. other treatments (P < 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7,trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (P < 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P < 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance, but reduced feed efficiency and increased marbling scores of Bos indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.

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PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.855 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 431-432

Author(s):

Cibelle B Figueiredo ◽

Mauricia B Silva ◽

Juliano Fernandes ◽

Alana M Calaça ◽

Higor Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dry Season ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P > 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P > 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P > 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P > 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.

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389 Effects of energy source on performance and carcass characteristics in hair lambs finished in feedlot

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 155-156

Author(s):

Roman Castañeda-Serrano ◽

Fabian Gutierrez-Oviedo ◽

Marcela Diaz-Cristancho ◽

Jairo Pardo-Guzman ◽

Paula Lozano-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Body Weight ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

The Mean ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different energy sources on performance, and carcass characteristics in hair lambs finished in feedlots. Twenty-eight hair lambs with an initial body weight (BW) 20.8 ± 3.01, were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments included with seven lambs per treatment. The dietary treatments included an energy source included at 18% Dry matter: S. spectabilis flour (SF), palm kernel (PK), corn bran (CB) and rice bran (RB) in a diet based in corn silage, ground corn, soybean meal formulated to 13.0% PC and 2.6 Mcal/Kg of DM. The feeding trial was performed for 13 weeks. Water was allowed ad libitum. Animals were slaughtered after the feeding trial, and the carcasses were kept at 4°C for 24 h under Colombian standard guidelines. Data were analyzed by using the ANOVA procedure, SAS version 9.1 to perform a randomized complete experiment with four diets. For each studied variable, the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and differences between means were evaluated Using Tukey′s Test (P ≤ 0.05). Final body weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, hot dressing carcass (%), and cold dressing weight (%) were not different between the four treatments (P > 0.05). Dry matter intake was superior to the S. spectabilis flour (P < 0,001). Feed efficiency was higher in the CB and RB treatments (P < 0,05). These results indicate that the inclusion of S. spectabilis and palm kernel could improve the dry matter intake and corn bran and rice bran the feed efficiency without effects on carcass characteristics

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