scholarly journals Selected Quality Attributes of Freshwater Mussel Powder as a Promising Ingredient for Pet Food

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Piotr Konieczny ◽  
Wojciech Andrzejewski ◽  
Tianyu Yang ◽  
Maria Urbańska ◽  
Jerzy Stangierski ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to describe the quality attributes of a freeze-dried preparation obtained from freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (SW) soft tissue in respect to its potential as a novel pet food ingredient. After ecotoxicological testing of the raw material with MARA (Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment), the basic physico-chemical properties of the powder, such as approximate composition, bulk density, color parameters, water activity, electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE), solubility, gelling and emulsifying capacity, were analyzed. The powder with a water activity of 0.43 offers a toxically safe preparation that contains over 34% protein/100 g of dry matter (DM). The SDS-PAGE profile showed twelve protein bands with a molecular weight (MW) ranging from >250 to 10 kDa. Taurine content has been estimated at an essential amount above 150 mg/100 g of DM. The powder possessed desirable emulsifying properties with 230 mL per 1 g and demonstrated the ability to form a firmer gel with a strength of 152.9 g at a temperature above 80 °C with at least 10% protein content. The L*, a*, and b* values characterizing powder color were found to be 69.49, 16.33, and 3.86, respectively. The SW mussel powder seems to be a promising ingredient that can be added with other binding or gelling agents in order to improve both the taste and acceptance of the final pet food products.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Michalska-Ciechanowska ◽  
Joanna Majerska ◽  
Jessica Brzezowska ◽  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
Adam Figiel

Cranberry juice has a high content of polyphenols, which makes it a valuable raw material with health-promoting properties. On the other hand, the bitter and astringent taste of cranberry limits its consumption in fresh form (fruit, juice). For this reason, new formulations of cranberry products based on natural additives are sought, e.g., in the form of carriers, which not only allow the drying of liquids to form powders, but which can also affect the retention of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at the evaluation of the influence of different carriers and concentrations applied to cranberry juice and their influence on the physico-chemical properties of the powders obtained. Freeze-dried powders had approximately eight times higher moisture content than products gained after the spray-drying process. The bulk density of freeze-dried product was approximately 11% higher when compared to spray-drying. Freeze-drying and spray-drying had a similar influence on the total polyphenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity. When the concentration of carriers was concerned, it was indicated that a higher content of carrier resulted in a lower moisture content, water activity, CIE L*a*b* coordinates, total polyphenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of the powders obtained, pointing to a strong influence of the juice composition on the final properties of the powders.


Author(s):  
О.Я. МЕЗЕНОВА

Разработана технология комплексной биотехнологической переработки копченого вторичного рыбного сырья. Объектом исследований было вторичное рыбное сырье – головы кильки горячего копчения, полученное при изготовлении консервов «Шпроты в масле» в ООО «РосКон» и на рыбокомбинате «За Родину», расположенных в Калининградской области. Основой биотехнологии является гидролиз сырья различными способами: ферментолизом – обработка ферментами Protamex и Flavourzyme в соотношении 1 : 1 при 60°С в количестве 0,05; 0,1; 0,25% каждого фермента к массе гидролизной системы (измельченное сырье–вода в соотношении 1 : 1) и комбинированным способом – ферментолиз + термолиз в гидротермическом автоклаве при температуре 100°С. Продолжительность ферментолиза составляла 4 ч, термолиза – 1 ч. После гидролиза образовавшуюся массу разделяли декантированием на фракции – протеиновый гидролизат и белково-минеральный осадок, анализировали, высушивали. Установлено, что содержание протеина при комбинированном способе гидролиза в сублимированной протеиновой фракции составляет 60–70%, в белково-минеральной осадочной фракции – 45–53%. Осадочная часть содержит значительное количество минеральных веществ: 13,7–17,1% при ферментолизе, 14,7–16,3% при комбинированном гидролизе, что позволяет рекомендовать ее в качестве источника высокомолекулярного белка, кальция и фосфора. Полученные протеиновые продукты характеризуются высокой глубиной гидролиза и достаточно эффективным расщеплением белковых веществ. Показатель аминного азота гидролизата из вторичного рыбного сырья варьирует от 196,0 до 423,4 мг/100 г при ферментолизе и от 215,9 до 363,8 мг/100 г при комбинированном гидролизе. Обоснованы показатели качества, особенности органолептических и физико-химических свойств пищевых добавок из копченого вторичного рыбного сырья. Полученные добавки рекомендуются к применению в составе различных пищевых продуктов в качестве белковых, жировых и минеральных обогатителей. The technology of complex biotechnological processing of smoked secondary fish raw materials has been developed. Secondary fish raw materials-hot smoked sprat heads, obtained in the manufacture of canned «Shproty v masle» at LLC «RosKon» and fish factory «Za Rodinu», located in the Kaliningrad region, was the object of research. The basis of biotechnology is hydrolysis of raw materials. Hydrolysis is carried out in two ways: fermentolysis – treatment with enzymes Protamex and Flavourzyme in a ratio of 1 : 1 at 60°C in an amount of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25% of each enzyme to the weight of the hydrolysis system (crushed raw material-water in a ratio of 1 : 1) and a combined method – fermentolysis + thermolysis in a hydrothermal autoclave at a temperature of 100°C. The duration of the enzymatic hydrolysis was 4 h, thermolysis – 1 h. After hydrolysis, the resulting mass was separated by decanting into fractions-protein hydrolysate and protein-mineral precipitate, analyzed, dried. It was found that the protein content in the freeze-dried protein fraction of the combined hydrolysis method is 60–70%, in the protein-mineral sedimentary fraction – 45–53%. The sedimentary part is also rich in minerals –13,7–17,1% in fermentolysis and 14,7–16,3% in combined hydrolysis, which makes it possible to recommend it as a source of high-molecular protein, calcium and phosphorus. The obtained protein products are characterized by a high depth of hydrolysis and sufficiently effective cleavage of protein substances. Indicator amine nitrogen of the hydrolysate from the secondary fish raw materials varies from 423,4 to 196,0 mg/100 g with the enzymatic hydrolysis and from 215,9 to 363,8 mg/100 g in the combined hydrolysis. Quality indicators, features of organoleptic and physical and chemical properties of food additives from secondary smoked fish raw materials are justified. The obtained additives are recommended for use in various food products as protein, fat and mineral dressers.


Food Biology ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Nawal Abdel-Gayoum Abdel-Rahman

The aim of this study is to use of karkede (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) byproduct as raw material to make ketchup instead of tomato. Ketchup is making of various pulps, but the best type made from tomatoes. Roselle having adequate amounts of macro and micro elements, and it is rich in source of anthocyanine. The ketchup made from pulped of waste of soaked karkede, and homogenized with starch, salt, sugar, ginger (Zingiber officinale), kusbara (Coriandrum sativum) and gum Arabic. Then processed and filled in glass bottles and stored at two different temperatures, ambient and refrigeration. The total solids, total soluble solids, pH, ash, total titratable acidity and vitamin C of ketchup were determined. As well as, total sugars, reducing sugars, colour density, and sodium chloride percentage were evaluated. The sensory quality of developed product was determined immediately and after processing, which included colour, taste, odour, consistency and overall acceptability. The suitability during storage included microbial growth, physico-chemical properties and sensory quality. The karkede ketchup was found free of contaminants throughout storage period at both storage temperatures. Physico-chemical properties were found to be significantly differences at p?0.05 level during storage. There were no differences between karkade ketchup and market tomato ketchup concerning odour, taste, odour, consistency and overall acceptability. These results are encouraging for use of roselle cycle as a raw material to make acceptable karkade ketchup.


Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Elsa Ramalhosa ◽  
Arminda Lopes ◽  
Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
...  

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.


Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Paola Littardi ◽  
Massimiliano Rinaldi ◽  
Maria Grimaldi ◽  
Antonella Cavazza ◽  
Emma Chiavaro

Green coffee parchment (GCP) is becoming interesting, due to the diffusion of wet processing in which coffee parchment is collected separately; it is one of the less studied coffee by-products, but it is reported to be rich in phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. The addition of GCP (355–500 μm) at 2 % to gluten-free breads was investigated in terms of physical properties (volume, moisture content, water activity, crumb grain, texture, and color), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenol content during three days of storage. Moreover, the effects of GCP on sensorial characteristics, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and oxidative stability was evaluated. From the sensorial analysis, bread with 2% addition resulted in being acceptable for consumers with no significant differences from the control, while 4% of GCP was discarded by consumers, as it resulted in being too bitter. Moreover, GCP at 2% addition did not modify volume, moisture content, and water activity. On the contrary, GCP deeply affected the color with a darker aspect that was appreciated by consumers. Regarding texture, 2% of GCP did not affect hardness, cohesiveness, and staling process during storage. Interestingly, 2% of GCP significantly improved the TAC and oxidative stability of the bread; in accordance with these results, 2% of GCP reduced the HMF content, thanks to its antioxidant compounds.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Omar Masera-Cerutti ◽  
...  

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM2.5), CO, CO2, CH4, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg−1, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with Arbutus xalapensis being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.


2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169
Author(s):  
Emanuel Marques da Silva ◽  
Teresa Maria Marques dos Santos ◽  
José Filipe Teixeira Ganança ◽  
Jan Jacek Slaski ◽  
Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho

1998 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Agbugba ◽  
B.A. Hendriksen ◽  
B.Z. Chowdhry ◽  
M.J. Snowden

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