scholarly journals Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation and Ageing Time on the Volatile Organic Compounds and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goat Kids

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Maria Federica Sgarro ◽  
Aristide Maggiolino ◽  
Mirian Pateiro ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
Francesco Iannaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ageing Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sensorial Analyses

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary anthocyanin addition on volatile compounds of meat from goat kids during ageing. For this work, 60 male and female kids were divided into two groups: red orange and lemon extract (RLE group; n = 30), which received an RLE extract (90 mg/kg of live weight); and control (CON group; n = 30). The phytoextract in dry powder form was rich in bioflavonoids such as flavanones (about 16%) and anthocyanins (about 3%). After slaughtering, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was aged at 4 °C. The volatile organic compound (VOC) and sensorial analyses were carried out at 1, 3 and 7 days. A total of 10 chemical families were identified during the ageing process. Aldehydes were the most abundant VOC, followed by ketones and alcohols. Their contents increased during the process, showing after 7 days of ageing mean values of 20,498, 2193 and 1879 ng/g of meat, respectively. Regarding dietary effects, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons and thiols presented significant differences between treatments, with higher carboxylic acid contents observed in RLE samples (437 vs. 467 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively; p < 0.05). On the contrary, hydrocarbons (436 vs. 254 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively) and thiols (160 vs. 103 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively) displayed significantly (p < 0.01) higher amounts in CON compared to the RLE group. Regarding ageing time, the tenderness, juiciness, odour and overall assessment parameters showed significantly higher scores at the end of the whole process (p < 0.05). On the other hand, only odour displayed significant differences between treatments, reaching higher scores in CON samples (p < 0.05). Therefore, ageing time improved the sensorial properties (tenderness, juiciness, odour and overall assessment) and the VOC content, whereas the inclusion of anthocyanins in the kids’ diet did not have a great impact on the properties of aged meat.

Controlling intimacy: Sexual scripts among men and women in prostitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Järvinen ◽  
Theresa Dyrvig Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Emotional Distance ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
And Control

Inspired by sexual scripting theory, this article analyses intimacy and control in prostitution. The authors identify two strategies for maintaining control among male and female sex sellers. The first strategy is to restrict prostitution to relationships with as much sexual reciprocity as possible. The other is to maintain sexual/emotional distance from customers – yet often acting the opposite. The article questions prevailing stereotypes about male sex sellers being more agentic and autonomous than female sex sellers, arguing that control in prostitution can be achieved (and lost) in different ways. The analysis shows how scripting theory – with its differentiation between the cultural, interpersonal and intrapsychic levels of scripting – may be used to understand variations and contradictions in prostitution experiences. The article is based on 36 qualitative interviews with men and women in escort services, clinic prostitution and prostitution in private apartments in Denmark.

Effects of crossbred ewe genotype and ram genotype on ewe prolificacy, lamb viability and lamb output in the lowland sector

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
A. F. CARSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lamb Growth

A study was carried out on five lowland farms in Northern Ireland over 3 years to investigate the effect of crossbred ewe and ram genotype on ewe prolificacy, lamb viability and weaned lamb output. Four crossbred ewe genotypes were sourced from six hill farms involved in a previous study – Bluefaced Leicester×Blackface (BLXB), Texel×Blackface (TXB), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXCH) and Texel×Cheviot (TXCH). On each farm, groups of 20–30 of each crossbred ewe genotype were mated with Suffolk or Texel rams. Throughout the 3 years of the study, the ewe genotypes lambed at 1, 2 and 3 years of age. Within each of the ram breeds, high lean growth index rams sourced from UK sire reference schemes were compared with rams sourced from flocks not involved in objective genetic improvement programmes (control). BLXB ewes were the most prolific of the four ewe genotypes producing 1.73 lambs per ewe lambed compared with 1.47 for TXB, 1.46 for SXCH and 1.41 for TXCH (P<0.001). Lamb mortality was similar for the four ewe genotypes, thus number of lambs weaned was greatest for the BLXB ewes (P<0.001) with the other three crosses producing similar numbers of lambs. A greater proportion (P<0.05) of SXCH ewes lambed without assistance compared with BLXB and TXB ewes and a greater proportion of TXCH ewes had abundant supplies of colostrum compared with the other crosses (P<0.10). Output of weaned lamb per ewe lambed and per ewe metabolic live weight (P<0.001) was greatest in the BLXB ewes. Ewe productivity, prolificacy, number of lambs weaned and the proportion of ewes lambing without assistance increased with ewe age (P<0.001). Lamb growth rate from birth to 6 weeks and from birth to weaning increased with ewe age (P<0.05). Crossbred ewes lambing at 3 years old had a greater output of weaned lamb compared with ewes lambing at 1 and 2 years old (P<0.001). Ram genotype had no effect on ewe prolificacy, lamb viability or pre-weaning growth rates, although Texel-sired lambs had lower birth weights than Suffolk-sired lambs and control-sired lambs had lower birth weights than high lean index-sired lambs (P<0.05).

Metatarsus Adductus Angle in Male and Female Feet

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Domínguez ◽  
Pedro V. Munuera
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Background: The literature contains several techniques for calculating metatarsal adductus angle. Most common systems use the fourth metatarsal cuboid joint and the fifth metatarsal cuboid joint. Although both systems are quite different, normal values of metatarsus adductus angle have not been established with each system of measurement. Methods: Two hundred six radiographic images of feet in dorsoplantar projection were used to measure the metatarsus adductus angle using two different reference points: the joint between the fourth metatarsal and the cuboid and the joint between the fifth metatarsal and the cuboid. Results: Comparison of the results of the two measurement techniques showed significant differences (P &lt; .05). The values of the metatarsus adductus angle also showed significant differences in men versus women (P &lt; .05). The reliability of the measurements was checked by using an intra- and inter-evaluator test performed by two evaluators. Conclusion: Data showed the reliability of both systems of measurement, although significant differences in the metatarsal adductus angle mean value were found using these systems of measurement in the same foot. On the other hand, significant differences were found in mean values of metatarsus adductus angle between male and female feet. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(5): 364–369, 2008)

Effects of crossbred ewe genotype and ram genotype on lamb carcass characteristics from the lowland sheep flock

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
A. F. CARSON
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Similar Conformation

A study was carried out on five lowland farms in Northern Ireland over 2 years to investigate the effects of crossbred ewe and ram genotype on lamb carcass characteristics. Four ewe genotypes were sourced from six hill farms – Bluefaced Leicester×Blackface (BLXB), Texel×Blackface (TXB), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXCH) and Texel×Cheviot (TXCH). On each farm groups of 20 to 30 of each crossbred ewe genotype were crossed with Suffolk or Texel sires. Within each of the ram breeds, high lean growth index rams sourced from UK sire reference schemes (SRS) were compared with rams sourced from flocks not involved in objective genetic improvement programmes (control). Throughout the 2 years of the study the ewes lambed at 1 and 2 years of age. Lambs from each of the crosses were slaughtered at 36, 44 and 52 kg live weight. Assessed on a 5-point scale, lambs from BLXB ewes had the poorest conformation classification values (2.8) (P<0.001) compared with 3.0–3.2 (S.E. 0.051) for lambs from the other ewe genotypes. Lambs from TXB, SXCH and TXCH ewes had similar conformation classification values. The differential in conformation classification values between lambs from BLXB ewes and those from the other genotypes was greater when the ewes were crossed with Texel (0.6 units) compared with Suffolk rams (0.3 units) (P<0.05). Differences in conformation between the sire breeds varied according to ewe genotype (P<0.05). When crossed with BLXB ewes there was no difference between Texel and Suffolk-sired lambs in terms of conformation classification values (2.7 v. 2.8 (S.E. 0.07), while with all the other ewe genotypes, Texel-sired lambs had a significantly higher conformation classification than Suffolk-sired lambs (3.5 v. 3.0 when crossed with T×B; 3.2 v. 2.9 when crossed with SXCH; 3.4 v. 3.0 when crossed with TXCH (S.E. 0.07)). Sire reference scheme-sired lambs had greater growth rates from birth to slaughter (203 g/day) compared with control-sired lambs (193 g/day) (S.E. 3.7 days) (P<0.05) and were of an improved conformation classification (3.1 v. 3.0 (S.E. 0.04)) (P<0.01). There was a significant interaction (P<0.01) between ram breed and ram source on lipid content of the carcass. Within the Suffolk-sired lambs, there was no significant difference between SRS-sired lambs (197 g/kg) and control-sired lambs (190 g/kg) (S.E. 6.2 g/kg). However, within the Texel-sired lambs, SRS-sired lambs had a lower lipid content (174 g/kg) than control-sired lambs (204 g/kg) (S.E. 6.2 g/kg) (P<0.01).

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Weight Gain in Nelore Calves from Birth to Weaning in the Bolivian Tropic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ikeda Atsuko ◽  
Montellano-Paco Arturo ◽  
Barbona Ivana ◽  
Marini Roberto Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Daily Gain

Retrospective data corresponding to the period between 2002 and 2018 were used, belonging to the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacan&iacute;, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Data corresponding to 663 male and female calves born to primiparous and multiparous cows were used. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. Variables used: Date of birth, Calf live weight at birth in kg, Calf live weight at weaning in kg, Average daily gain in kg, Live weight of cow in kg, Number of calving of cows. The mean values and standard deviations of the weights at birth were 35.1 &plusmn; 4.6 kg for males and 32.3 &plusmn; 4.7 kg for females, at 240 days (weaning) the weight of the males was 229 &plusmn; 35.8 kg and for females 206 &plusmn; 31.5 kg. The mean values and standard deviations of the weight increases were 0.807 &plusmn; 0.14 kg for males and 1.0 &plusmn; 0.13 kg for females. The selected model with the regressor variables: Year, Sex of the calf, Number of calving and Live Weight at Birth, all significant (p &le;0.001). No interaction was significant to be considered in the model (p&ge;0.05). The live weight at birth, the sex, the years and the number of deliveries of the mothers showed in this work and for the animals analyzed to be the factors affecting the increase in live weight in the rearing stage (from birth to weaning) in Nelore calves in the Bolivian tropics.

scholarly journals The impact of the use of computerized programs in the achievement of direct and deferred in the understanding of reading and recitation of seventh grade students in the schools of Al-Husseiniya / Ma'an

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanal Atallah Abu Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Elimination Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed at revealing the impact of using the gradual elimination method on the direct and delayed achievement of the 7th Grade students in memorizing the required chapters in Quran in Alhosayneya area schools. The searcher has used the Semi-experimental subject to complete this study. The study sample consisted of 48 male and female students was divided into 2 groups, Empirical and control. The Empirical group used (the gradual elimination method memorizing the required chapters in Quran). Whereas, the control group used (the conventional method in memorizing the required chapters in Quran). The study results have shown the existence of a statistical indicative difference at the level (α=0.05) of both direct and delayed achievement in memorizing the required chapters in Quran using the gradual elimination method. On the other hand, there was no indicative differences at the level (α=0.05) of both direct and delayed achievement in memorizing the required chapters in Quran due to the gender variable or its reaction with the study method. The study had recommended adopting the gradual elimination method as one of the effective teaching approach in memorizing the required chapters.

scholarly journals Changes in muscularity with growth and its relationship with other carcass traits in three terminal sire breeds of sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Jones ◽  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
M. J. Young ◽  
B. T. Wolf ◽  
C. C. Warkup
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Negative Relationships

AbstractData were available for 160 sheep (50 Suffolk males, 50 Suffolk females, 40 Texel males and 20 Charollais males). One-fifth of animals within each breed and sex were slaughtered at each of 14, 18 or 22 weeks of age and two-fifths slaughtered at 26 weeks. After slaughter linear measurements were taken on the carcass. The left side of each carcass was then separated into eight joints and each joint dissected into lean, bone and fat. Five muscularity measures (three for the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, one for the hind leg and one for the whole carcass) and one of the shape of the LTL cross-section (depth: width) were calculated. With the exception of one measure for the LTL, muscularity increased with growth. Rates of increase in most measures were higher in Texels than in each of the other breeds, but were not different between the male and female Suffolks or between the Suffolk and Charollais lambs. Increases in most muscularity measures at a constant live weight were associated with increases in lean to bone ratio and carcass lean content. Associations with fat content were either non-significant or negative. Relationships with lean distribution were non-significant or weak. Correlations between the three measures of muscularity for the LTL were high. Correlations between the whole carcass measure and those within different regions were moderate to high in the Texels but lower in the Suffolk and Charollais breeds. The same was true for correlations between the LTL measures and hind leg muscularity. If muscularity throughout the carcass is to be described effectively, measures in more than one region may be required, particularly in the Suffolk and Charollais breeds.

OBSERVATIONS ON GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN SWINE

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Kristjansson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Treatment Interaction

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the importance of genotype-environment interactions in Canadian Yorkshire swine. Two males and two females from each of four litters by each of four sires were randomly allotted to two feeding and management treatments. One male and one female from each litter were self-fed A.R. feed mixtures in a piggery and the other male and female were self-fed the same feeds on pasture. Weights were taken at 56 and 140 days of age and at 190-200 lb. live weight. Carcass measurements were taken at slaughter.Rate of gain from 56 to 140 days for pasture-fed pigs was significantly lower (P = <.01) than for those fed in the piggery. Pigs fed on pasture were also significantly shorter (P = <.01) than those fed in the piggery. Sire-treatment interaction was significant for loin area (P = <.05) and approached significance for rate of gain from 56 to 140 days (P(=).09), A.R. carcass score (P(=).13), and average backfat thickness (P(=).08). A marked shift in ranking of sires between treatments was noted for loin area, rate of gain, and A.R. carcass score. These results indicate that genotype-environment interactions may exist in Yorkshire swine.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

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