scholarly journals The time of Calcium Feeding Affects the Productive Performance of Sows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumin Gao ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Chunyan Xie ◽  
Tianyong Zhang ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Element Transport ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

This study aims to investigate the effect of Calcium (Ca) feeding time on a sow’s productive performance and the profiles of serum mineral elements during late pregnancy and lactation. A total of 75 pregnant sows were assigned to three groups: The control (C), earlier-later (E-L), and later-earlier (L-E) groups. During late pregnancy, the C group was fed an extra 4.5 g Ca (in the form of CaCO3) at both 06:00 and 15:00, the E-L group was fed an extra 9 g Ca at 06:00, and the L-E group was fed an extra 9 g Ca at 15:00. Similar treatments with double the amount of Ca were applied during lactation. The results show that, compared with the C group, L-E feeding decreased the number of stillbirths and the duration of farrowing and placenta expulsion (FARPLA) and increased the average daily weight gain (ADG) of piglets. Similarly, E-L feeding increased the ADG of piglets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both E-L and L-E feeding increased the Ca levels in sow serum and umbilical serum, and the Fe levels in umbilical serum, but decreased the Ca levels in the placenta and colostrum (p < 0.05). Experiments on the genes involved in mineral element transport showed that E-L feeding activated the mRNA expression of TRPV5, S100G, SLC30A7, SLC39A4, and Ferroportin1, while it inhibited the mRNA expression of ATP7A in the placenta (p < 0.05). Moreover, L-E feeding up-regulated the mRNA expression of ATP2B and IREB2, while it down-regulated the mRNA expression of ATP7B in the placenta (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that maternal Ca feeding at 15:00 h during late pregnancy and lactation decreased FARPLA and stillbirths and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets by altering the mineral element of the metabolism in the umbilical serum and milk, compared to conventional feeding regimes.

scholarly journals Adaptative decrease in expression of the mRNA for uncoupling protein and subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase in rat brown adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation

1989 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Martin ◽  
M Giralt ◽  
O Viñas ◽  
R Iglesias ◽  
T Mampel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Brown Fat Mitochondria

Uncoupling-protein (UCP) mRNA expression is decreased to 15% of virgin control levels between days 10 and 15 of pregnancy, and remains at these low values during late pregnancy and lactation. Abrupt weaning of mid-lactating rats causes a slight but significant increase in UCP mRNA. Expression of mRNA for subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase (COII) decreased to half that of virgin control in late pregnancy and during lactation. Whereas COII mRNA expression is in step with the known modifications of brown-fat mitochondria content during the breeding cycle of the rat, UCP mRNA expression appears to be diminished much earlier than the mitochondrial proton-conductance-pathway activity. On the other hand, the reactivity of brown fat to increase expression of UCP and COII mRNAs in response to acute cold or noradrenaline treatment is not impaired during lactation.

scholarly journals Maternal Metabolic Demands Caused by Pregnancy and Lactation: Association with Productivity and Offspring Phenotype in High-Yielding Dairy Ewes

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Pesántez-Pacheco ◽  
Ana Heras-Molina ◽  
Laura Torres-Rovira ◽  
María Victoria Sanz-Fernández ◽  
Consolación García-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Pregnancy and lactation, especially when concurrent, create a rather metabolically demanding situation in dairy ruminants, but little is known about their effects on offspring phenotype and milk yield. Here, we evaluated the impact of pregnancy and lactation on the metabolic traits and productive performance of Lacaune dairy sheep and their offspring. Productive performance was measured in terms of milk yield, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and size. Productivity was assessed during mid-pregnancy (75 ± 5 d) and late pregnancy (142 ± 4 d) and at 52 ± 5 d in the postpartum period. During pregnancy, high-yielding ewes had higher BW, BCS, plasma glucose, cholesterol, β-OHB, and NEFA than low-yielding ewes, but lower levels of lactate and urea. High-yielding animals had lower BCS after lambing, but their lambs showed greater growth. Productivity during lactation was affected by ewe age and parity: Mature ewes (but not maiden sheep) whose BCS increased steeply during pregnancy yielded more milk in the subsequent lactation than those whose BCS did not increase. Lamb BW and size were positively associated with milk yield in the subsequent lactation. Mature ewes had higher yields than maiden sheep, and mature ewes with multiple pregnancies produced more milk than those with singleton pregnancies. Ewes with male singleton pregnancies also showed higher yield than those with female singletons. These results demonstrate that high-yielding dairy sheep, when appropriately fed and managed, can adequately cover the metabolic demands of pregnancy and high milk production (even when concurrent) without losing productivity.

Can a herb and white clover mix improve the performance of multiple-bearing ewes and their lambs to weaning?

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
P. D. Kemp ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
D. M. West ◽  
S. T. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

The productive performance of highly fecund ewes and their progeny on ryegrass-based swards is limited in late pregnancy and lactation. Alternative herbages, such as chicory, plantain and red and white clover, have the potential to improve performance levels. In the present study, 49 twin- and 42 triplet-bearing Romney composite ewes bred to either Suffolk or Romney rams were allocated to one of three nutritional treatments from Day 131 of pregnancy [19 twin ewes on a ryegrass–white clover sward mix (Rye/WC); 16 twin ewes on a plantain–ryegrass sward mix (Plant/Rye); 14 twin ewes on a chicory–plantain–red and white clover sward mix (Herb); 13 triplet ewes on Rye/WC; 16 triplet ewes on Plant/Rye; and 13 triplet ewes on Herb] and remained on these sward treatments with their lambs until 75 days after the midpoint of the lambing period (L75). Nutritional treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on ewe liveweight, body condition score (BCS) or non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations on Day 145 of pregnancy. At L75, ewes on the Herb treatment sward were heavier than ewes on Plant/Rye (70.75 ± 1.31 v. 61.43 ± 1.28 kg, respectively) and had a higher BCS than ewes on either Plant/Rye or Rye/WC (2.7 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.3 ± 0.1, respectively). Sire type and nutritional treatment had no affect (P > 0.05) on lamb birthweight or weight at L75. At L20, lambs born to ewes on the Herb sward treatment were heavier than those on the Rye/WC and Plant/Rye treatments (8.74 ± 0.23 v. 7.98 ± 0.23 and 7.79 ± 0.22 kg, respectively; P < 0.05). Neither birth rank, sire type nor ewe treatment had any effect (P > 0.05) on maximum heat production on a per kg liveweight basis or total heat production. Romney-sired lambs on the Herb sward treatment had higher (P < 0.05) survival rates than those on the Rye/WC sward treatment (97.8% v. 61.7%, respectively). However, no such relationship was observed in lambs born to Suffolk sires (79.8% v. 84.8%, respectively). The survival response resulted in greater (P < 0.05) total liveweight of Romney-sired lambs at L75 per ewe on the Herb nutritional treatment than on the Rye/WC treatment (61.6 ± 5.0 v. 36.7 ± 4.6 kg, respectively) a relationship not observed (P > 0.05) in Suffolk-sired lambs. In conclusion, the present study indicates that there is the potential to improve the productive performance of multiple-bearing ewes and their lambs by grazing on a Herb sward mix.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rapeseed Press Cake (RPC) in Sow Feeding in Two Reproduction Cycles

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanczakowska ◽  
Karol Węglarzy ◽  
Małgorzata Bereza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Effectiveness of Rapeseed Press Cake (RPC) in Sow Feeding in Two Reproduction CyclesThe possibility of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed press cake (RPC) in feed was determined over two reproductive cycles in an experiment with 54 pregnant and lactating sows allocated to three groups with 18 gilts per group. Group I received the standard mixture, group II received RPC as the main protein source from insemination to 100 days of pregnancy, and the control diet during late pregnancy and lactation. In group III, RPC replaced all of soybean meal protein in early pregnancy and one-half of soybean meal protein during late pregnancy and lactation. Half of the sows in each group received a iodine supplement (1 mg/kg feed). Sows were weighed at mating, farrowing and weaning. Piglets were weighed at 1 and 28 days of age (weaning). Samples of milk were collected at 14 days postpartum to determine the content of protein, fat, lactose and iodine. After the first reproductive cycle sows were mated and allocated to the respective groups as in the first cycle. Neither RPC nor iodine had any effect on body weight of the sows. RPC had a beneficial effect on body weight of piglets at birth and weaning, which could be due to a higher content of fat and amino acids in sow RPC diets. RPC, especially when given throughout pregnancy and lactation significantly lowered iodine content in sow milk. Piglets grew significantly faster in the second compared to the first reproductive cycle (184 and 178 g per day, respectively). Iodine supplemented to sows reduced piglet daily weight gain from 185 to 177 g. It is concluded that rapeseed press cake can replace soybean meal in the diets for pregnant and lactating sows without a negative effect on their performance while improving piglet body weight.

scholarly journals Interaction of late pregnancy and lactation in rats

Reproduction ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Koiter ◽  
H. Moes ◽  
N. Valkhof ◽  
S. Wijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

ANALYSIS OF RIBOSOMES AND POLYSOMES DERIVED FROM RABBIT MAMMARY GLANDS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. HERRIMAN ◽  
G. D. BAIRD ◽  
JUDY M. BRUCE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

SUMMARY Whole-ribosome and polysome-enriched fractions were prepared from the mammary glands of rabbits during late pregnancy and lactation. The composition of the fractions was determined by sucrose density gradient analysis and electron microscopy. The range of size of polysomal aggregates was similar in the late-pregnant and lactating gland, with aggregates containing five to nine ribosomal units predominating. However, the amount of polysomes relative to monosomes was invariably found to increase after parturition. The greater portion of this increase was accounted for by the increased abundance of aggregates containing five to nine units.

Influence of temperature on maternity roost selection by noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) and Leisler’s bats (N. leisleri) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Ruczyński
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Tree Cavities ◽  
Roost Selection ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest ◽  
Nyctalus Noctula

This study tests whether the temperature of tree cavities determines their selection by bats in Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF), eastern Poland. Using a data logger, I simultaneously measured the temperature in cavities selected by bats as roosts and the temperature in available but unselected cavities. The maternity roosts chosen by noctule bats, Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774), and Leisler’s bats, N. leisleri (Kuhl, 1817), during late pregnancy and lactation were warmer than unoccupied cavities, but temperature ranges in the two types of cavity did not differ. A logistic regression model showed that the mean cavity temperature during the night (2200–0400) and the minimum cavity temperature over a 24 h period were crucial for roost selection. This suggests that female noctule and Leisler’s bats selected roosts that promoted juvenile growth and used tree cavities that could save them energy while they were active because the cavity temperatures were close to the lower critical temperature of their thermoneutral zone. I also suggest that selection of warmer cavities minimized the bats' energy expenditure prior to emergence from the roost and that passive rewarming inside the cavity was an important factor in minimizing energetic costs of roosting by bats in BPF. Mean and maximum temperatures recorded near tree trunks increased with the height at which the temperature was measured (ground level, 10, 20, and 30 m), suggesting that bats can gain thermal benefits from insolation of the trunk by selecting highly placed cavities, as was observed in BPF.

scholarly journals Productive performance and parasitological control of kids supplemented with umbu fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-528
Author(s):  
Thiago Vinicius Costa NASCIMENTO ◽  
Daniel Maia NOGUEIRA ◽  
Nilton de Brito CAVALCANTE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.

scholarly journals Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis with vertebral fractures: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qian ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lili Yu ◽  
Weimin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Background To review, analyze and characterize the pregnancy and lactation-related osteoporosis (PLO) with vertebral fractures based on the extraction data in the previous studies. Methods A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted from January 1st,1990 to December 1st, 2020. The enrolled data were pooled to analyze the baseline characteristics, clinical features, risk factors and treatment options. Results A total of 65 articles with 338 cases were enrolled for data extraction. The enrolled cases aged from 19 to 47 years, with a mean value of 35.7 years old. The average body mass index (BMI) was 22.2 kg/m2 ranged from 16.0 to 39.0 kg/m2. Of the 173 cases, 149 cases with vertebral fractures occurred in the first pregnancy, 19 cases in the second pregnancy, four cases in the third pregnancy and one case in the fourth pregnancy. Up to 91.5% of the back pain occurred within the last 3 months of pregnancy and the first 3 months after delivery. The most involved vertebral levels were L2, L1 and T12 accounting for 32.6% of all the fractures. The average fracture numbers were 4.4 levels per patient. The lumbar Z-scores were mostly recorded with a mean value of − 3.2 ranged from − 7.8 to 0. Conclusions PLO with vertebral fractures is a rare clinical entity, which is more likely to occur in older and thinner pregnant women. Back pain is the clinical complaint and mostly occurs in the late pregnancy and early lactation periods. Most vertebral fractures appear in the first pregnancy but it can occur in any time of pregnancy. Thoracolumbar region is the mostly involved region. As compared with postmenopausal osteoporotic fractures, PLO usually has multiple levels fractures. Bisphosphonates are the most widely used treatment so far, however, many factors need to be taken into account to decide which drug to choose in PLO and further studies are necessary for clear recommendation in the future.

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