scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rapeseed Press Cake (RPC) in Sow Feeding in Two Reproduction Cycles

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanczakowska ◽  
Karol Węglarzy ◽  
Małgorzata Bereza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Effectiveness of Rapeseed Press Cake (RPC) in Sow Feeding in Two Reproduction CyclesThe possibility of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed press cake (RPC) in feed was determined over two reproductive cycles in an experiment with 54 pregnant and lactating sows allocated to three groups with 18 gilts per group. Group I received the standard mixture, group II received RPC as the main protein source from insemination to 100 days of pregnancy, and the control diet during late pregnancy and lactation. In group III, RPC replaced all of soybean meal protein in early pregnancy and one-half of soybean meal protein during late pregnancy and lactation. Half of the sows in each group received a iodine supplement (1 mg/kg feed). Sows were weighed at mating, farrowing and weaning. Piglets were weighed at 1 and 28 days of age (weaning). Samples of milk were collected at 14 days postpartum to determine the content of protein, fat, lactose and iodine. After the first reproductive cycle sows were mated and allocated to the respective groups as in the first cycle. Neither RPC nor iodine had any effect on body weight of the sows. RPC had a beneficial effect on body weight of piglets at birth and weaning, which could be due to a higher content of fat and amino acids in sow RPC diets. RPC, especially when given throughout pregnancy and lactation significantly lowered iodine content in sow milk. Piglets grew significantly faster in the second compared to the first reproductive cycle (184 and 178 g per day, respectively). Iodine supplemented to sows reduced piglet daily weight gain from 185 to 177 g. It is concluded that rapeseed press cake can replace soybean meal in the diets for pregnant and lactating sows without a negative effect on their performance while improving piglet body weight.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship Between Fatness of Late Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Selected Lipid Parameters of Blood, Colostrum and Milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rekiel ◽  
Justyna Więcek ◽  
Karolina Beyga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Analysis of the Relationship Between Fatness of Late Pregnant and Lactating Sows and Selected Lipid Parameters of Blood, Colostrum and MilkThis study determined the relationships between backfat thickness in sows on day 104 (±2) of pregnancy, changes in fatness between high pregnancy and lactation (day 21), the body weight of late pregnant sows, the level of selected lipid parameters in blood serum, and basic components and fatty acid profile of colostrum and milk. Backfat measurements were taken using an ultrasound device at the P1, P2, P3 and P4 sites and loin eye height was measured at the P4M site. In late pregnant sows, fatness measured at P1, P2, P3 and P4 and the mean of measurements taken at P2 and P4 were correlated with HDL (+0.491**, +0.537**, +0.439*, +0.483** and 0.529**, respectively). Measurements taken at P4 and the mean of P2 and P4 were correlated with cholesterol (CHOL, +0.367* and +0.372*, respectively). Correlations were also found between the level of fatness of pregnant sows (P2, P3, P4, (P2 + P4)/2) and the level of HDL at the end of lactation (+0.534**, +0.440*, +0.412* and +0.487**, respectively). The body weight of late pregnant sows was significantly correlated with the energy and fat levels in colostrum (-0.467** and -0.429*, respectively). In addition, it was correlated with the proportion of fatty acids in the profile (C18:2 +0.417*, C18:3 +0.493*). Correlations were observed between P1 backfat thickness and the proportion of colostrum fatty acids (C18:1 +0.483*, CLA +0.475*), and between P2 backfat thickness and the C20:4 content of milk (-0.421*). A relationship between backfat thickness measured at farrowing and the levels of selected fatty acids in colostrum was found for P2 and C18:3 (+0.471*), P3 and C18:0 (-0.608**), C18:2 (+0.463*) and C18:3 (+0.517*), and P4M and C16:1 (-0.513*). The greater the difference in P1 backfat thickness between late pregnancy and weaning, the higher the content of fat (+0.549**), energy (+0.510*), C18:0 (+0.493*) and CLA (+0.488*), and the lower the content of C14:0 (-0.512*) and C16:0 (-0.457*) in milk. The strong correlations of fatness in late pregnant sows and of changes in fatness during late pregnancy and weaning with some blood, colostrum and milk parameters suggest that sows should be evaluated for fatness during their productive life.

scholarly journals The time of Calcium Feeding Affects the Productive Performance of Sows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumin Gao ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Chunyan Xie ◽  
Tianyong Zhang ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Element Transport ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

This study aims to investigate the effect of Calcium (Ca) feeding time on a sow’s productive performance and the profiles of serum mineral elements during late pregnancy and lactation. A total of 75 pregnant sows were assigned to three groups: The control (C), earlier-later (E-L), and later-earlier (L-E) groups. During late pregnancy, the C group was fed an extra 4.5 g Ca (in the form of CaCO3) at both 06:00 and 15:00, the E-L group was fed an extra 9 g Ca at 06:00, and the L-E group was fed an extra 9 g Ca at 15:00. Similar treatments with double the amount of Ca were applied during lactation. The results show that, compared with the C group, L-E feeding decreased the number of stillbirths and the duration of farrowing and placenta expulsion (FARPLA) and increased the average daily weight gain (ADG) of piglets. Similarly, E-L feeding increased the ADG of piglets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both E-L and L-E feeding increased the Ca levels in sow serum and umbilical serum, and the Fe levels in umbilical serum, but decreased the Ca levels in the placenta and colostrum (p < 0.05). Experiments on the genes involved in mineral element transport showed that E-L feeding activated the mRNA expression of TRPV5, S100G, SLC30A7, SLC39A4, and Ferroportin1, while it inhibited the mRNA expression of ATP7A in the placenta (p < 0.05). Moreover, L-E feeding up-regulated the mRNA expression of ATP2B and IREB2, while it down-regulated the mRNA expression of ATP7B in the placenta (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that maternal Ca feeding at 15:00 h during late pregnancy and lactation decreased FARPLA and stillbirths and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets by altering the mineral element of the metabolism in the umbilical serum and milk, compared to conventional feeding regimes.

scholarly journals Supplementation of grazing heifers with different protein sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. e2027
Author(s):  
Román Enrique Maza-Ortega ◽  
Deilen Paff Sotelo-Moreno ◽  
Mauricio Miguel-Estrada ◽  
Libardo Alfonso Maza-Angulo ◽  
Mário Fonseca-Paulino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Average Body

Objective. Evaluate the effects of supplementation with different protein sources (soybean meal and wheat bran with urea) on the productive performance, intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and metabolic profile of grazing beef heifers. Materials and methods. Were used twenty Nellore heifers at 8.5±0.06 months of age, with an initial average body weight of 241.5±4.71 kg. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized deseing with two treatments and ten replicates. Two protein sources in the supplements were evaluated: 1) Soybean meal (SBM), and 2) Soybean meal + Wheat bran + Urea (SBM+WB+U). Results. Crude protein (CP) and organic matter intakes were higher (p<0.05) for heifers from SBM compared with SBM+WB+U. The CP digestibility was increased (p<0.05) with SBM supplementation. Mean blood concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, serum urea nitrogen, and total proteins were not affected (p>0.10) by protein sources. In the same way, daily weight gain and final body weight were not influenced (p>0.10) by protein sources. Conclusions. The supplementation with soybean meal or wheat bran with urea in association with soybean meal in multiple supplements for grazing cattle provides similar productive and nutritional performance and metabolic profile in beef heifers.

scholarly journals Legume Seeds and Rapeseed Press Cake as Replacers of Soybean Meal in Feed for Fattening Pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanczakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Legume Protein ◽  
Finisher Diets

Abstract The possibility of replacing soybean meal with a mixture of legume seeds and rapeseed press cake (RPC) was evaluated on 60 pigs weighing about 30 kg at the beginning of the experiment. Pigs were allocated to 5 experimental groups. Group I (control) received standard feed mixture containing soybean meal as a main protein source. Next groups received rapeseed press cake (RPC) mixed with fodder pea (Pisum sativum var. Ramrod) - group II, field bean (Vicia faba var. Kasztelan) - group III, blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius var. Regent) - group IV or yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus var. Mister) - group V. Soybean protein was replaced by experimental protein sources at about 30% in grower (17% legumes, 13% rapeseed press cake) and at 100% in finisher diets (experimental proteins in equal ratio accounted for about 55% of mixture protein). Limited feeding was used, water was available ad libitum. Half the animals in each group received mixtures supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes Ronozyme VP and Ronozyme WX. Apparent digestibility of feed nutrients was estimated using the balance method on 30 fatteners not used in the fattening experiment, weighing about 40 kg for grower and 70 kg for finisher diets. Gross composition of legume seeds and RPC, amino acid composition of their protein, glucosinolate content in RPC and tannin content in faba bean and alkaloids in lupins were analysed. Carcass traits and meat quality were also estimated. Legume protein content ranged from 19.6% (pea) to 39.8% (yellow lupin). RPC protein contained more sulphur amino acids than legume protein. There was no significant difference in protein and fat digestibility. Body weight gains of fatteners fed with blue lupin were comparable to controls but significantly lower than those of the remaining groups. Supplemental enzymes improved body weight gains of fatteners receiving field bean. There was no significant difference in carcass traits and meat quality except for sensory analysis. It is concluded that the mixture of RPC and legume seeds can replace soybean meal in fattener feed.

scholarly journals Legume seeds and rapeseed press cake as substitutes for soybean meal in sow and piglet feed

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanczakowska ◽  
Malgorzata Swiatkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Group V ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Group I ◽  
Yellow Lupine

The possibility of replacing soybean meal with mixtures of rapeseed press cake (RPC) and legume seeds in sow and piglet diets was evaluated in an experiment on 30 sows and their progeny. Group I (control) received standard feed mixture containing soybean meal as the main protein source, group II – RPC mixed with fodder pea, group III – field bean, group IV – blue lupine, group V – yellow lupine. Weaned piglets received mixtures containing RPC and legume mixtures. Considerable differences were found in amino acid composition of proteins. Differences in the apparent digestibility of essential nutrients were statistically insignificant. Sows fed with field bean and yellow lupine gave birth to heaviest piglets. After weaning piglets receiving field bean were characterized by the best weight gains. It is concluded that mixing rapeseed cake with legume seeds allows for the complete replacement of soybean meal in sow diets and for partial replacement in piglet diets.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Zornia glochidiata (shelini) Meal in Replacement of Wheat Bran on Lamb Performance and Feeding Cost Decreasing

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Idris Idris Adam ◽  
Saed Kiir Mohamed Tagi ◽  
Mohamed Abdalla Suleiman Eshag ◽  
Hammad Dahia Salah Basar ◽  
Jadalla Jumaa Barram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Cost

This trial was aimed to study the effects of replacing wheat bran with different levels of Zornia glochidiata meal on feed intake, general performance of Desert lambs and feeding cost decreasing. Twelve lambs of four months old and weighing 19.500 kg +500g were divided into three groups each with four animals. Feed intake and body weight change were monitored every ten days up to fifty days. The data were statistically analyzed via analysis of variance and the differences among means were detected least significance (LSD) test. The results indicated that voluntary dry matter intake significantly (P<0.05) increased in the group that consumed a ration with 26% Zornia glochidiata meal (II) followed by those were on a ration with wheat bran only (I) and lastly that had a ration with 42% Z. glochidiata (III). Feed intake was 1090, 970 and 910 for group II, I and III, respectively. Similarly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II, (6.1kg/50 days) followed by group I (4.9 kg/50 days) and group III with 4.3 kg/50 days. The daily weight gain was 98, 122, 89 g when the lambs consumed rations with 0.00, 26 and 42 % of Z. glochidiata meal, respectively. The cost of kilogram of the first ration was 6.8 SDG when only wheat bran was used, and it decreased to 5.7 SDG when 26% wheat was replaced by Z. glochidiata meal and when Z. glochidiata meal was increased to 41% the cost was further decreased to 5 SDG.

scholarly journals Energy and nitrogen metabolism of rabbits during pregnancy, lactation, and concurrent pregnancy and lactation

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Partridge ◽  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
R. A. Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

1. In an experiment twenty-four cross-bred does were used, six in each of four physiological states: non-pregnant (NP), pregnant (P), lactating (L) or concurrently pregnant and lactating (CPL). They were offered a diet of high nutrient density (crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) 272 g/kg dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy 15.5 MJ/kg DM) at one of two intakes on a scale based on metabolic body-weight (kg body-weight0.75). The study lasted for 24 d and was divided into three consecutive 8 d periods: ‘early’, ‘mid-’ and ‘late’ pregnancy or lactation, or concurrent pregnancy and lactation.2. Around the mid-point of each period the does were placed for 24 h in a gradient-layer calorimeter, and measurements of energy exchange were made. N balance was also measured throughout each period of the study.3. Milk output in L and CPL does was measured by weighing the does immediately before and after suckling once each day. Milk samples were taken from a parallel group of does and the estimates of milk composition applied to the experimental group.4. Milk yields and composition were similar for L and CPL does in early and mid-lactation, but in late lactation the milk output from CPL does declined rapidly. This was the period of maximal fetal growth rates. Energy and N retention increased in P and CPL does in late pregnancy.5. Regression analysis was carried out to summarize the relations between metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and energy retention (ER; MEI-heat loss) in each physiological state. The equations were:NP: ER = 0.67 (se 0.057) MEI – 208,P: ER = 0.67 (se 0.095) ME1 – 224,L: ER = 0.90 (se 0.022) ME1 – 441,CPL: ER = 0.85 (se 0.036) ME1 – 387,where all variables are expressed in kj/kg body-weight0.75 per d.

scholarly journals The effect of the body condition of late pregnant sows on fat reserves at farrowing and weaning and on litter performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Beyga ◽  
A. Rekiel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the body condition of late pregnant sows on fat reserves at farrowing and weaning, including the scale of the relevant changes in that period, and on the reproductive performance of sows and the results of piglet rearing. The experiment involved 97 hybrid sows (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace [PLW×PL]) divided into two groups, according to backfat thickness: I – (P2+P4)/2>20 mm (10 primiparous, 36 multiparous) and II – (P2+P4)/2≤20 mm (19 primiparous, 32 multiparous). It was carried out between pregnancy day 104 and weaning after 21 days of lactation. During late pregnancy, at weaning and at the end of lactation, the body weight of sows, fatness (points P1, P2, P3, P4) and longissimus muscle depth at point P4M were determined. Feed consumption during lactation, reproductive performance traits and the results of piglet rearing were also analyzed. Higher backfat thickness percentages and body weight noted in group I sows vs. group II sows (P≤0.001) during late pregnancy were maintained at farrowing and weaning. At weaning, the values of longissimus muscle depth were significantly (P≤0.001) higher in group II than in group I. The level of changes in fat reserves differed between late pregnancy and farrowing for P4 (P≤0.01) and (P2+P4)/2 (P≤0.001); fat reserve loss was noted in group I, while an increase in adipose tissue was observed in group II. Body weight losses (%) during late pregnancy and at weaning were non-significant in sows of both groups. Based on feed consumption levels, group I sows were characterized by a lower appetite during lactation than group II sows. A regular trend in feed intake was noted in lactating sows of both groups: feed consumption increased in week 2, compared with week 1, while a decrease was noted in week 3 in comparison with week 2. Significant differences were reported in favour of group I vs. II (P≤0.05) as regards the piglets stillborn, litter weight at weaning, the average piglet weight at weaning and placental weight. Multiparous sows as compared to primiparous sows were characterized by significantly (P≤0.05) larger total number of piglets born and the number of piglets born alive. The difference in the litter weight at birth was found to be highly significant (P≤0.01).

scholarly journals Effectiveness Evaluation of Use of Various Protein Feeds for Broiler Chicken Feeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Maria Osek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to assess the suitability of various protein feeds in broiler chicken feeding. The study covered 160 birds split into 5 equipotent groups (SBM, EFFS, RFFS, EL, DDGS). Four protein feeds were an experimental factor: extruded full-fat soybean (EFFS group), raw full-fat soybean (RFFS group), extruded lupine (EL group) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS group) that were added to starter rations in an amount replacing 30%, and in grower and finisher rations 50% of extracted soybean meal protein. Results showed that after replacing an identical amount of extracted soybean meal protein with protein from extruded soybean or DDGS in chicken rations, the final body weight and feed conversion ratio were similar to those of birds from the control group. Deterioration (P≤0.01) in the above-mentioned parameters was observed for chickens fed with rations containing raw soybean or extruded lupine. Birds that were given rations containing raw soybean (RFFS group) were characterized by the lowest dressing percentage, and, compared to the control group, the difference was significant (P≤0.01). The type of protein feed contained in the rations did not affect the musculature of chickens, however it did impact their fat deposition. Fat deposition was the lowest in birds from RFFS and DDGS groups that reached the lowest final body weight. Microscopic images of all examined livers showed a normal histological structure. The results of the studies carried out provide a basis for recommending the use of extruded full-fat soybean or DDGS in broiler chicken rations as partial substitutes for extracted soybean meal protein.

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