scholarly journals Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff Essential Oil

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Mónica Zuzarte ◽  
Pedro M. P. Correia ◽  
Jorge M. Alves-Silva ◽  
Maria J. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Cavaleiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oxide Inhibition

Fungal infections remain a major health concern with aromatic plants and their metabolites standing out as promising antifungal agents. The present study aims to assess, for the first time, the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of Bupleurum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff essential oil from Portugal. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS, showed high amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely α-pinene (29.0–36.0%), β–pinene (26.1–30.7%) and limonene (10.5–13.5%). The antifungal potential was assessed, according to CLSI guidelines, against several clinical and collection strains. The essential oil showed a broad fungicidal effect being more potent against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Moreover, a significant germ tube inhibition was observed in Candida albicans as well as a disruption of mature biofilms, thus pointing out an effect of the oil against relevant virulent factors. Furthermore, fungal ultrastructural modifications were detected through transmission electron microscopy, highlighting the nefarious effect of the oil. Of relevance, the oil also evidenced anti-inflammatory activity through nitric oxide inhibition in macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the essential oil’s bioactive concentrations did not present toxicity towards macrophages. Overall, the present study confirmed the bioactive potential of B. rigidum subsp. paniculatum essential oil, thus paving the way for the development of effective drugs presenting concomitantly antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals The anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Abbasloo ◽  
Fatemeh Dehghan ◽  
Mohammad Khaksari ◽  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Reza Vahidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern affecting the general public as well as military personnel. However, there is no FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of TBIs. In this work, we investigated the neurotherapeutic effects of the well-known natural Iranian medicine Satureja Khuzistanica Jamzad (SKJ) essential oil (SKEO) on the outcomes of diffused experimental TBI, with particular attention paid to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Male Wistar rats were treated with doses of 50, 100 and 200 (mg/kg, i.p) SKEO after induction of diffused TBIs. The results showed that injecting SKEO (200 mg/kg) 30 minutes after TBI significantly reduced brain oedema and damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and limited the post-TBI increase in intracranial pressure. The veterinary coma scale (VCS) scores significantly improved in the treatment group. Also, inflammatory marker assays showed reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased IL-10 in the treated groups. Moreover, the immunohistochemical results indicated that SKEO not only reduced neuronal death and BBB permeability but also affected astrocytic activation. Overall, our data indicate potential clinical neurological applications for SKEO.

scholarly journals Lignocaine’s substantial role in COVID-19 management: potential remedial and therapeutic implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Nasser Ali Malik ◽  
Amjid Hammodi ◽  
Dayanidhi Ramachandra Jaiswara
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channel ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Substantial Role ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ion Channel Blocking ◽  
First Time

Background: The outbreak caused by SARS CoV-2 of the recent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been marked as a public health concern with a significant mortality at the global level. Lignocaine a common anesthetic agent being used for pain free surgeries for over a long period of time has expressed extensive characteristic of being an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, direct spasmolytic,  ion channel blocking and repolarization agent. We did a literature review Methodology: Currently compiled over-view has for the first time evaluated the probable curative and therapeutic role of nebulized lignocaine drug against SARS CoV-2 by utilization of PubMed, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Results: With evidence of nebulized lignocaine being used successfully in respiratory illness before and the established role of low concentration lignocaine as ion channel repolarization agent, we try to interpret and deduce the possible implication of nebulized lignocaine as possible therapeutic agent and a potential cure against SARS-CoV-2 caused respiratory illness by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent during SARS-CoV-2 caused acute lung injury and also possibly as an antiviral drug.  Conclusion: By the virtue of possessing anti-inflammatory effect and potential antiviral effects, nebulized lignocaine can be a breakthrough in the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic.     Citation: Malik NA, Lignocaine’s substantial role in COVID-19 management: potential remedial and therapeutic implications. Anaesth. pain & intensive care 2019;23(1):84-91 Received: 29 March 2020; Reviewed & Accepted: 5 April 2020;

COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF LIGULARIA HETEROPHYLLA RUPR.

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Aigerim Makubayeva ◽  
Elena Petrovna Romanenko ◽  
Sergazy Mynzhasarovich Adekenov ◽  
Aleksey Vasil'yevich Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Mass Selective Detector ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

The object of the study – the raw material of Ligularia heterophylla Rupr., collected in 2019 in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The component compositions of essential oils from the aerial and underground parts of Ligularia heterophylla Rupr., obtained by methods of microwave extraction, as well as traditional hydrodistillation, were studied for the first time. Essential oils represented as mobile liquids from light yellow to green shade with characteristic odors. The component composition was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with a MSD 5973 mass-selective detector. Essential oils obtained by the hydrodistillation method contain mainly monoterpenes, while sesquiterpenes predominate in the essential oils obtained by microwave extraction. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of Ligularia heterophylla Rupr. essential oil samples was studied for the first time. The essential oil from the underground part (roots) of Ligularia heterophylla Rupr., obtained by microwave extraction method, at a dose of 25 mg/kg, has a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to the drug «Diclofenac sodiumа» in the model of acute exudative reaction.

scholarly journals Striking Back against Fungal Infections: The Utilization of Nanosystems for Antifungal Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10104
Author(s):  
Wei Du ◽  
Yiru Gao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Sixiang Sai ◽  
Chen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Invasive Infections

Fungal infections have become a major health concern, given that invasive infections by Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species have led to millions of mortalities. Conventional antifungal drugs including polyenes, echinocandins, azoles, allylamins, and antimetabolites have been used for decades, but their limitations include off-target toxicity, drug-resistance, poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and weak tissue penetration, which cannot be ignored. These drawbacks have led to the emergence of novel antifungal therapies. In this review, we discuss the nanosystems that are currently utilized for drug delivery and the application of antifungal therapies.

Chemical composition and biological activities of Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer essential oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ◽  
Shamsul Khamis ◽  
Muhammad Nurakmal Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mohd Azlan Nafiah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe design of this study was developed to examine the chemical composition, anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory inhibitory activities of the essential oil of Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer from Malaysia. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil revealed 20 components, representing 94.6% of the oil. The major components identified were α-gurjunene (50.6%), α-selinene (8.3%), spathulenol (5.7%), and bicyclogermacrene (5.4%). Anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activity were also evaluated using the Ellman method and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme, respectively, in which the essential oil revealed weak inhibitory activity against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 30.2%) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (I%: 32.5%), while moderate inhibitory activity was reported in the LOX (I%: 70.2%). The approach adopted in this study and results are reported for the first time which could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from Dipterocarpus genus.

scholarly journals Activity of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Essential Oil from Lavandula angustifolia against Persister-Derived Biofilm of Candida auris

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Elisabetta de Alteriis ◽  
Angela Maione ◽  
Annarita Falanga ◽  
Rosa Bellavita ◽  
Stefania Galdiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
First Time

The high virulence of Candida auris, a pathogen fungus considered as a global threat for public health, is due to its peculiar traits such as its intrinsic resistance to conventional antifungals. Its biofilm lifestyle certainly promotes the prolonged survival of C. auris after disinfection or antifungal treatments. In this work, for the first time, we detected persister cells in a biofilm of C. auris in a microwell plate model, following caspofungin treatment. Furthermore, we showed how persisters can progressively develop a new biofilm in situ, mimicking the re-colonization of a surface which may be responsible for recalcitrant infections. Plant-derived compounds, such as essential oils, may represent a valid alternative to combat fungal infections. Here, Lavandula angustifolia essential oil, as free or encapsulated in liposomes, was used to eradicate primary and persister-derived biofilms of C. auris, confirming the great potential of alternative compounds against emergent fungal pathogens. As in other Candida species, the action of essential oils against C. auris involves ROS production and affects the expression of some biofilm-related genes.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal and Topical Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Essential Oil from Wild-Growing Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) Used for Medicinal Purposes in Algeria: A New Source of Carvacrol

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nadjib Boukhatem ◽  
Noureldien H. E. Darwish ◽  
Thangirala Sudha ◽  
Siham Bahlouli ◽  
Dahbia Kellou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this study is to investigate the Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) as an antifungal agent in aromatherapy and/or as an active ingredient in the prevention or management of topical inflammatory diseases. The chemical composition of TVEO was determined with gas chromatography and revealed the presence of 25 compounds. Carvacrol was found to be the major component (56.8%). Antifungal action of TVEO was determined in vitro by using different methods. By the disc diffusion method, TVEO showed more potent antifungal activity against Candida strains than the positive control. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) varied from 34 to 60 mm for Candida yeasts. Significantly higher antifungal activity was observed in the vapor phase at lower quantities. Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis were the most susceptible strains to the oil vapor with DIZ varying from 35 to 90 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of yeast were determined with an agar dilution method and revealed that MIC varied from 0.3 to 0.15 µL/mL for yeast species. The topical anti-inflammatory potential of TVEO was also explored in vivo with the croton oil-induced ear edema assay. TVEO exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect at all doses (100, 10 and 2 mg/kg), which were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to the positive control. This activity was also confirmed at the cellular level with histopathology analysis. Our results suggest the potential application of this carvacrol-rich TVEO in the prevention and management of fungal infections and topical inflammation and deserve further investigation for clinical applications. Furthermore, while the mode of action remains mainly undetermined and should be studied.

Anti-proliferative effect of the essential oil ofCymbopogon citratus(DC) Stapf (lemongrass) on intracellular amastigotes, bloodstream trypomastigotes and culture epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi(Protozoa: Kinetoplastida)

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (11) ◽  
pp. 1649-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. SANTORO ◽  
M. G. CARDOSO ◽  
L. G. L. GUIMARÃES ◽  
J. M. FREIRE ◽  
M. J. SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
Association Index ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

SUMMARYThis study analyses the anti-proliferative effect of lemongrass essential oil and its main constituent (citral) on all 3 evolutive forms ofTrypanosoma cruzi. Steam distillation was used to obtain lemongrass essential oil, with chemical composition determined by gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The IC50/24 h (concentration that reduced the parasite population by 50%) of the oil and of citral uponT. cruziwas determined by cell counting in a Neubauer chamber, while morphological alterations were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Treatment with the essential oil resulted in epimastigote growth inhibition with IC50=126·5 μg/ml, while the IC50for trypomastigote lysis was 15·5 μg/ml. The IC50/48 h for the Association Index (% macrophage infection×number of amastigotes per cell) was 5·1 μg/ml, with a strong inhibition of intracellular amastigote proliferation. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated cytoplasmic and nuclear extraction, while the plasma membrane remained morphologically preserved. Our data show that lemongrass essential oil is effective againstT. cruzitrypomastigotes and amastigotes, and that its main component, citral, is responsible for the trypanocidal activity. These results indicate that essential oils can be promising anti-parasitic agents, opening perspectives to the discovery of more effective drugs of vegetal origin for treatment of parasitic diseases. However, additional cytotoxicity experiments on different cell lines and tests in aT. cruzi-mouse model are needed to support these data.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Nanosystem Integrating Cytotoxic and Magnetic Properties as a Tool to Potentiate Melanoma Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Cruz ◽  
Jacinta Oliveira Pinho ◽  
Graça Soveral ◽  
Lia Ascensão ◽  
Nuno Matela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Melanoma Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hybrid Nanosystem ◽  
Melanoma Therapy

Cancer is a major health concern and the prognosis is often poor. Significant advances in nanotechnology are now driving a revolution in cancer detection and treatment. The goal of this study was to develop a novel hybrid nanosystem for melanoma treatment, integrating therapeutic and magnetic targeting modalities. Hence, we designed long circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes loading both dichloro(1,10-phenanthroline) copper (II) (Cuphen), a cytotoxic metallodrug, and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The synthetized IONPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Lipid-based nanoformulations were prepared by the dehydration rehydration method, followed by an extrusion step for reducing and homogenizing the mean size. Liposomes were characterized in terms of incorporation parameters and mean size. High Cuphen loadings were obtained and the presence of IONPs slightly reduced Cuphen incorporation parameters. Cuphen antiproliferative properties were preserved after association to liposomes and IONPs (at 2 mg/mL) did not interfere on cellular proliferation of murine and human melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the developed nanoformulations displayed magnetic properties. The absence of hemolytic activity for formulations under study demonstrated their safety for parenteral administration. In conclusion, a lipid-based nanosystem loading the cytotoxic metallodrug, Cuphen, and displaying magnetic properties was successfully designed.

A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 956-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

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