scholarly journals Antibacterial Performance of Terpenoids from the Australian Plant Eremophila lucida

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israt J. Biva ◽  
Chi P. Ndi ◽  
Susan J. Semple ◽  
Hans J. Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Resin Layer ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Australian Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Attention

Plants in the Australian genus Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae) have attracted considerable recent attention for their antimicrobial compounds, which possess a wide range of chemical structures. As they are typically associated with the oily-waxy resin layer covering leaves and green branchlets, and Eremophila lucida is prominent among the species containing a pronounced sticky resin layer, this species was considered of interest for assessing its antibacterial constituents. The n-hexane fraction of the crude acetone extract of the leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation led to the known compounds cembratriene, (3Z, 7E, 11Z)-15-hydroxycembra-3,7,11-trien-19-oic acid (1), the sesquiterpenoid, farnesal (2) and the viscidane diterpenoid, 5α-hydroxyviscida-3,14-dien-20-oic acid (3). The purified compounds were tested for antibacterial activity with 2 and 3 showing moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS FROM LEAVES OF ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URS

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Аleksandrovich) Куркин (Kurkin) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Константиновна (Konstantinovna) Рязанова (Ryazanova) ◽  
Александр (Аleksandr) Викторович (Viktorovich) Жестков (Zhestkov) ◽  
Артем (Аrtem) Викторович (Viktorovich) Лямин (Lyamin) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Авдеева (Avdeeva) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Main Component ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Perm Region

The aim of this paper is the isolation of individual compounds, which are caused the antibacterial activity of the leaves of the bearberry [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.]. The leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, collected in Perm region, there were extracted with 70% ethanol, the obtained water-alcoholic infusion there was evaporated in vacuum.By means of the chromatographic methods with the using of silica gel 40/100 and eluent systems (chloroform and ethanol in several ratio) from the evaporated water-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, a substance with antibacterial activity, ethyl ester of p-digallic acid, which is a new natural compound, was isolated along with arbutin ((1-О-b-D-glucopyranoside of hydroquinone) from the leaves of this plant. The chemical structures of the ethyl ester of p-digallic acid and arbutin were established with the using of data of 1H-NMR-spectroscopy, UV-spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry..The antibacterial activity of ethyl ester of p-digallic acid against test cultures of gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the first time was determined. By antibacterial activity, arbutin was inferior not only to ethyl ester of p-digallic acid, but also to decoction from the leaves of the bearberry. Consequently, the ethyl ester of p-digallic acid is one in main component, which is take the contribution in the antibacterial activity of the decoction and other preparations of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

Vancomycin in Pediatrics

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Mark D. Greenfield ◽  
Arnold L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotic ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anephric Patients

Vancomycin, a complex glycopeptide antibiotic, has achieved somewhat limited use since its introduction in 1956. It has excellent antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive organisms, including those resistant to semisynthetic penicillins such as methicillin. Because of its higher potential for adverse side effects, such as thrombophlebitis and ototoxicity, it should be reserved for illnesses associated with methicillin-resistant staphylococci or in patients who have serious allergies to the penicillins. It has shown excellent effectiveness in a wide range of serious infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin should be administered intravenously, except in the case of staphylococcal or pseudomembranous colitis associated with C difficile in which oral administration is the appropriate route. In infections with enterococci, combination with an aminoglycoside is indicated as synergism occurs. It is excreted by the kidney; extra care must be taken in treating patients with renal failure. Dosing in anephric patients undergoing dialysis is greatly simplified by its prolonged half-life and is usually necessary only every seven to 14 days. Monitoring the serum concentration is desirable in all patients receiving vancomycin to ensure an efficacious, but nontoxic level.

scholarly journals Room Temperature Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Sulfonamides Containing N,N-Diethyl-Substituted Amido Moieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka O. Ajani ◽  
Oluwole B. Familoni ◽  
Feipeng Wu ◽  
Johnbull O. Echeme ◽  
Zheng Sujiang
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Mic Value ◽  
C Nmr

Sulfonamide drugs which have brought about an antibiotic revolution in medicine are associated with a wide range of biological activities. We have synthesized a series of α-tolylsulfonamide, 1–11 and their substituted N,N-diethyl-2-(phenylmethylsulfonamido) alkanamide derivatives, 12–22 in improved and excellent yields in aqueous medium at room temperature through highly economical synthetic routes. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds 1–22 were confirmed by analytical and spectral data such as IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The in vitro antibacterial activity of these compounds along with standard clinical reference, streptomycin, was investigated on two key targeted organisms. It was observed that 1-(benzylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, 2 emerged as the most active compound against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC value of 1.8 μg/mL while 4-(3-(diethylamino)-3-oxo-2-(phenylmethylsulfonamido) propyl)phenyl phenylmethanesulfonate, 22 was the most active sulfonamide scaffold on Escherichia coli at MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME IMPORTANT SPICES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Kapilan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Wide range of plant extracts are used for medicinal purposes as they are very cheap, efficient, harmless and do not cause any side effects. Spices are parts of different plants and they add special aroma and taste to the food preparations. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of some important naturally grown spices against gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the spices was tested against gram positive bacteria Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and liquid nutrient extracts. Among all the extracts tested alcoholic extracts of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) showed maximum antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria while alcoholic extract of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom) and lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) showed maximum activity against gram positive bacteria. All the spices tested in this study proved that they have antibacterial activity and the maximum activity index (1.39) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of cardamom against E.coli.

Synthesis,Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Quaternized of N-Aromatic Chitosan Derivatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ping Han ◽  
Qiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Schiff’S Base ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures

The quaternized of N-aryl chitosan (CTS) derivatives containing different aromatic moieties were synthesized by two steps, N-aromatic Schiff and the quaternization. The chemical structures of all chitosan derivatives, N-vanillin Schiff’s base chitosan (NVCh), N-cinnamaldehyde Schiff’s base chitosan (NCCh), N-benzaldehyde Schiff’s base CTS (NBCh), and their quaternized of N-aromatic CTS derivatives were characterized by ATR-FTIR. The water solubility of the N-aromatic Schiff’s base CTS derivatives had very poor water solubility. But after quaternized, the water solubility of CTS derivatives was obviously improved. The antibacterial studies of these CTS derivatives were carried out by the inhibition zone diameters methods against E.coli (Gram-negative), S.aurueus and P.aeruginosa (Gram-positive) bacteria, and against V.Aspergillus niger (fungal). It was found that the quaternized NVSCTS showed higher antibacterial activity than quaternized NCCh and quaternized NVBCh at the almost same DQ and ES level. In comparison to each of the chemical structure, it was found that the phenol hydroxyl group effect on antibacterial activity was even higher than that of positive charge density of CTS.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Indole Alkaloids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UWI-1

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3744
Author(s):  
Antonio Ramkissoon ◽  
Mohindra Seepersaud ◽  
Anderson Maxwell ◽  
Jayaraj Jayaraman ◽  
Adesh Ramsubhag
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range

In this study, we report the first isolation of three antibiotic indole alkaloid compounds from a Pseudomonad bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa UWI-1. The bacterium was batch fermented in a modified Luria Broth medium and compounds were solvent extracted and isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The three compounds were identified as (1) tris(1H-indol-3-yl) methylium, (2) bis(indol-3-yl) phenylmethane, and (3) indolo (2, 1b) quinazoline-6, 12 dione. A combination of 1D and 2D NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry data and comparison from related data from the literature was used to determine the chemical structures of the compounds. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activities against a wide range of microorganisms using the broth microdilution technique. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed antibacterial activity against only Gram-positive pathogens, although 1 had significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values than 2. Compound 3 displayed potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a range of Gram positive and negative bacteria. Several genes identified from the genome of P. aeruginosa UWI-1 were postulated to contribute to the biosynthesis of these compounds and we attempted to outline a possible route for bacterial synthesis. This study demonstrated the extended metabolic capability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in synthesizing new chemotypes of bioactive compounds.

Generation and characterization of the antibacterial activity of a novel hybrid antimicrobial peptide comprising functional domains from different insect cecropins

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Plunkett ◽  
Stuart I. Murray ◽  
Carl A. Lowenberger
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Target Specificity ◽  
Hybrid Molecule ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cecropin A ◽  
Α Helix

The search for new antimicrobial compounds involves finding novel sources of chemotherapeutic compounds or manipulating and combining structures from existing molecules. Small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are components of innate immune defenses characterized in greatest detail in insect-derived AMPs. We have generated hybrid AMPs (hAMPs) by combining functional motifs from different insect AMPs as a proof of principle that we can generate molecules with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations, and with different activity and target specificity than either parent molecule. A two-helix, cecropin-like hAMP was created by linking the N-terminal α helix of cecropin A from Aedes aegypti to the C-terminal α helix of cecropin A1 from Drosophila melanogaster . This molecule exhibits antibacterial activity at sub-micromolar concentrations with a target specificity that differs from either parent molecule. Antibacterial activity of the hybrid molecule was found to be greater against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. No hemolysis was observed in sheep red blood cells exposed to concentrations up to 50 µmol/L, suggesting the peptide is not detrimental to eukaryotic cells.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluation of some sulfonamide Schiff base derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3535-3543
Author(s):  
Mustafa M. AL-Hakiem ◽  
Rita S. Elias ◽  
Munther A. Mohammed-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antibacterial Evaluation

New series of Schiff base compounds obtained from sulfa drugs have been synthesized by the reaction of sulfonamide compounds (sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazine, or sulfamerazine) with corresponding aromatic aldehydes (3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde or 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde). The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, ESI-Mass, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy to confirm the chemical structures of synthesized compounds. The purity of all synthesized compounds were verified using pre-coated TLC (MERCK) plates using dichloromethane: methanol (9:1) solvent system. The chromatographic plates were viewed under ultraviolet(UV) light at 254 nm The sulfonamide Schiff base compounds were tested for antibacterial evaluation against two pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.) and two pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia). The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated by assessing the inhibitory concentration by measuring their inhibition zone versus certain kinds of standard antibiotics with concentrations (500, 750, and 1000) μg /ml. Most synthesized compounds at high concentration were moderately active against all tested bacteria ,compound SH7 showed best antibacterial activity for both (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) bacteria while SH8 compound exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weak activity (<10 mm) against Gram-negative bacteria and all synthesized compounds were less antibacterial activity for all tested bacterial strains than standard drugs.

Novolac-based Polymer-silver Nanoparticles Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Samaresh Ghosh ◽  
Mridula Acharyya ◽  
Santi M. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Novolac Resin ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bactericidal Efficiency

Background:Hybrids, composed of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dispersed inside a polymer matrix thus combining properties of both the components offer antibacterial activity and several advantages. Nevertheless, the development of antibacterial hybrid material comprising both novolac type phenolic resin and AgNPs remains one of the untouched issues in human healthcare.Objective:We report herein the simple preparation of hybrid derived from functionalized novolac resin and AgNPs. The hybrid was tested for antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria.Method and Results:Preparation and characterization of functionalized novolac resin and hybrid were achieved. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM2493, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Escherichia coli) were used to test the bactericidal efficiency of hybrid. The antibacterial effectiveness of hybrid was determined in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, treatment with hybrid caused cytoplasmic contents leakage evidencing membrane damage.Conclusion:The hybrid developed thus could provide opportunities to fabricate a wide range of antibacterial functional materials for different purposes in human health associated sectors.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of Schiff bases of acyclovir

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Abood S Huda ◽  
Abdullah S. Asia ◽  
Wrewish S Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Base Moiety

There is a crucial medical need for the progress of new antibacterial agents with new and more efficient mechanisms. Schiff bases are stated to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, which are largely due to the distinguishing C=N group. Furthermore, heterocyclic compounds containing acyclic hydroxylated side chains, for example, acyclovir (ACV), are an essential class of antiviral acyclonucleosides. Therefore, this work was to synthesize and evaluate a new series of acyclovir analogues bearing a Schiff base moiety. Some of Schiff's bases synthesis in an ethanolic solution of drug, aldehydes, and glacial acetic acid as a catalyst followed in the synthesis of substituted acyclovir drug compounds. In this work, two new series of acyclovir analogues bearing a Schiff base moiety were Synthesised, characterized, and confirmed by various spectral techniques like FTIR, CHN, and 1HNMR spectra, in addition to melting point and retardation factor (Rf.). The biological activity of synthesized Schiff base compounds measured against a panel of various bacteria. The results revealed that these compounds showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as bacillus and Gram-negative bacteria such as proteus, E-coli, pseudomonas, and klebsiella. It concluded that synthesized Schiff base compounds showed higher antibacterial activity than acyclovir that they derived from it.

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