scholarly journals Co-Fermentation by Lactobacillus brevis B7 Improves the Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Hydroponic Ginseng-Fortified Yogurt

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Myung-Wook Song ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
Hyun-Sook Lee ◽  
Kee-Tae Kim ◽  
Hyun-Dong Paik
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Customer Preference ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Nutraceutical Products

The development of convenient and accessible health-functional foods has become an area of increased interest in recent years. Probiotics, ginseng, and yogurts have been recognized as representative nutraceutical products. To improve the functionality of yogurts, co-fermentation was performed during yogurt preparation. Four kinds of yogurt were prepared using a combination of probiotic Lactobacillus brevis B7 and hydroponic ginseng based on plain yogurt. The fundamental characteristics of yogurts, including pH, titratable acidity, microbial counts, color, and physicochemical properties, were determined. To assess functionality, four different antioxidant assays and real-time PCR analysis using RAW 264.7 cells were performed. Finally, sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate customer preference. Hydroponic ginseng supplementation influenced pH, solid content, lightness, and yellowness. However, probiotic supplementation did not affect most factors except pH. In functionality analysis, the yogurt co-fermented with probiotics and ginseng showed the highest antioxidant activity and gene expression levels of the immune-related factors TNF-α and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. Although ginseng supplementation received poor acceptance because of its color and flavor, these attempts were considered beneficial despite the risk. Overall, co-fermentation within a short yogurt preparation time presented the potential for improvement of functionality. These findings suggest a range of feasibility for the development of attractive nutraceutical products.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis K65 on RAW 264.7 cells and in mice with dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-W. Liu ◽  
W.-K. Ong ◽  
Y.-W. Su ◽  
C.-C. Hsu ◽  
T.-H. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dextran Sulphate ◽  
Dextran Sulphate Sodium ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial to the prevention or treatment for inflammation-related diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. In an in vitro assay, heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis K65 (K65) reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 cells. In RAW 264.7 cells stably expressing an ind=ucible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) reporter, viable K65 showed greater inhibition of iNOS production than its heat-killed form. In order to further examine the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of K65, viable K65 was orally administered to BALB/c mice before and during the period of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). K65 improved UC symptoms, including reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and lowered the activity of myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, K65 inhibited TNF-α, cyclo-oxygenase 2, forkhead box P3, and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA expression in the colonic tissue of DSS-induced UC mice. Taken together, K65, a LAB with in vitro anti-inflammatory activity showed preventive effects on mice with DSS-induced UC by lowering the expression of inflammatory molecules.

scholarly journals Comparing the protective effects of resveratrol, curcumin and sulforaphane against LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inflammation in doxorubicin-treated macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidy A. Saleh ◽  
Eman Ramdan ◽  
Mohey M. Elmazar ◽  
Hassan M. E. Azzazy ◽  
Anwar Abdelnaser
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy is associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. This has been suggested to be, in part, due to DOX-mediated leakage of endotoxins from gut microflora, which activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages, causing severe inflammation. However, the direct function of DOX on macrophages is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that DOX alone is incapable of stimulating inflammatory response in macrophages. Then, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (CUR), resveratrol (RES) and sulforaphane (SFN) against lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-γ)-mediated inflammation in the absence or presence of DOX. For this purpose, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL/10 U/mL) in the absence or presence of DOX (0.1 µM). Our results showed that DOX alone is incapable of stimulating an inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, after 24 h of incubation with LPS/IFN-γ, a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels was observed. Similarly, nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels were significantly upregulated. Moreover, in LPS/IFN-γ-treated macrophages, the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-21 were significantly overexpressed. Interestingly, upon testing CUR, RES, and SFN against LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inflammation, only SFN was able to significantly reverse the LPS/IFN-γ-mediated induction of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 and attenuate miR-146a and miR-155 levels. In conclusion, SFN, at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, exhibits potent immunomodulatory action against LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages, which may indicate SFN as a potential treatment for DOX-associated inflammation.

scholarly journals A New Flavonol From Saussurea involucrata With Anti-Inflammatory Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110076
Author(s):  
Sheng Pan ◽  
Zi-Guan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

A new flavonol named 6-(2'',3''-epoxy-3''-methylbutyl)-resokaempferol (1), together with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble extract of the aerial part of Saussurea involucrata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α in vitro. Among them, compound 1 showed potential inhibitory activity on the production of NO and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 48.0 ± 1.5 and 41.4 ± 1.7 µM, respectively.

scholarly journals Febrile-range temperature modifies cytokine gene expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages by differentially modifying NF-κB recruitment to cytokine gene promoters

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. C171-C181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Cooper ◽  
Arundhati Ghosh ◽  
Aditi Gupta ◽  
Tapan Maity ◽  
Ivor J. Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Heat Shock Factor 1 ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Tnf Α

We previously showed that exposure to febrile-range temperatures (FRT, 39.5–40°C) reduces LPS-induced TNF-α expression, in part through the direct interaction of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) with the TNF-α gene promoter. However, it is not known whether exposure to FRT also modifies more proximal LPS-induced signaling events. Using HSF1-null mice, we confirmed that HSF1 is required for FRT-induced repression of TNF-α in vitro by LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages and in vivo in mice challenged intratracheally with LPS. Exposing LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages to FRT reduced TNF-α expression while increasing IL-1β expression despite the two genes sharing a common myeloid differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)-dependent pathway. Global activation of the three LPS-induced signaling intermediates that lead to cytokine gene expression, ERK and p38 MAPKs and NF-κB, was not affected by exposing RAW 264.7 cells to FRT as assessed by ERK and p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB in vitro DNA-binding activity and activation of a NF-κB-dependent synthetic promoter. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated that exposure to FRT reduced LPS-induced recruitment of NF-κB p65 to the TNF-α promoter while simultaneously increasing its recruitment to the IL-1β promoter. These data suggest that FRT exerts its effects on cytokine gene expression in a gene-specific manner through distal effects on promoter activation rather than proximal receptor activation and signal transduction.

scholarly journals LPS receptor CD14 participates in release of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 and peritoneal cells but not in Kupffer cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. G39-G46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Lichtman ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
John J. Lemasters
Keyword(s):  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Factor Α

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial polymer that stimulates macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In macrophages (RAW 264.7 and peritoneal cells), LPS binds to the CD14 surface receptor as the first step toward signaling. Liver macrophages, Kupffer cells, are the most numerous fixed-tissue macrophage in the body. The presence of CD14 on Kupffer cells and its role in LPS stimulation of TNF-α were examined. TNF-α release by Kupffer cells after LPS stimulation was the same in the presence and absence of serum. RAW 264.7 and peritoneal cells, which utilize the CD14 receptor, released significantly less TNF-α after LPS stimulation in the absence of serum because of the absence of LPS-binding protein. Phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C treatment, which cleaves the CD14 receptor, decreased LPS-stimulated TNF-α release by RAW 264.7 cells but not by Kupffer cells. Deacylated LPS (dLPS) competes with LPS at the CD14 receptor when incubated in a ratio of 100:1 (dLPS/LPS). Such competition blocked LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from RAW 264.7 cells but not from Kupffer cells. Western and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis directly demonstrated the presence of CD14 on RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal cells but showed only minimal amounts of CD14 in murine Kupffer cells. LPS stimulation did not increase the amount of CD14 detectable on mouse Kupffer cells. CD14 expression is very low in Kupffer cells, and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release is independent of CD14 in these cells.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Anti-inflammation Activity of Misutkaru with Added Gryllus bimaculatus Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Jung-Soon Han
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Tnf Α

Purpose: This study investigated the nutritional value of Misutkaru with added Gryllus bimaculatus powder (GBM) and its applicability as a healthy functional food.Methods: Chemical analysis of the moisture, crude fat, protein, and mineral contents was performed in accordance with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) guidelines. The amino acid and fatty acid compositions were analyzed using an automatic amino acid analyzer and gas chromatography, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL‑6) induced by lipopolysaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells were measured.Results: The general composition per 100 g of GBM was 41.87 g protein, 19.75 g fat, and 28.52 g carbohydrates. The mineral content per 100 g of GBM was 889.66 mg calcium, 1189.73 mg potassium, 220.36 mg magnesium, 207.51 mg sodium, 694.81 mg phosphorus, and 15.50 mg zinc. In particular, valine (21.361 mg/kg), leucine (29.180 mg/kg), and isoleucine (15.562 mg/kg) were abundant in GBM. GBM also effectively downregulated the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Conclusion: Misutkaru with added Gryllus bimaculatus powder may have potential for application in the development of food materials or foods to prevent muscle loss in elderly individuals and sarcopenia patients, build muscle, and prevent increase in blood lipid concentrations in middle aged people. In particular, as Gryllus bimaculatus is low in fat and carbohydrates, it can be used as a diet material.

scholarly journals Huangkui Capsule Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation by Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jinfang Deng ◽  
Zhenpeng He ◽  
Xiuru Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Ziwen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. Huangkui capsule (HKC) comprises the total flavonoid extract of flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus. This study aimed to explore the effects of HKC on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histopathology, spectrophotometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for the assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance. Results. LPS significantly increased lung inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and oxidative stress and downregulated lung miR-451 expression. Treatment with HKC dramatically attenuated the lung wet/dry weight ratio, reduced the total cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in the lung tissues 24 h after LPS challenge. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that HKC attenuated LPS-induced tissue oedema and neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissues. Additionally, the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 in BALF and IL-6 in the plasma reduced after HKC administration. Moreover, HKC could enhance glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and upregulate the expression of miR-451 in the lung tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that HKC inhibited the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, HKC downregulated LPS-induced transcription of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions. These findings suggest that HKC has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects that may protect mice against LPS-induced ALI and macrophage activation.

Induction of apoptosis by particulate matter: role of TNF-α and MAPK

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. L942-L949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beek Yoke Chin ◽  
Mary E. Choi ◽  
Marie D. Burdick ◽  
Robert M. Strieter ◽  
Terence H. Risby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mapk Kinase ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Particulate matter (PM) is a major by-product from the combustion of fossil fuels. The biological target of inhaled PM is the pulmonary epithelium and resident macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate that cultured macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) exposed continously to a well-defined model of PM [benzo[ a]pyrene adsorbed on carbon black (CB+BaP)] exhibit a time-dependent expression and release of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). CB+BaP also evoked programmed cell death or apoptosis in cultured macrophages as assessed by genomic DNA-laddering assays. The CB+BaP-induced apoptosis was inhibited when macrophages were treated with CB+BaP in the presence of a neutralizing antibody to TNF-α, suggesting that TNF-α plays an important role in mediating CB+BaP-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Interestingly, neither untreated carbon black nor benzo[ a]pyrene alone induced apoptosis or caused the release of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, we observed that TNF-α activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases p42/p44, in a time-dependent manner. RAW 264.7 cells treated with PD-098059, a selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase activity, did not exhibit CB+BaP-induced apoptosis and TNF-α secretion. Furthermore, cells treated with the MAPK kinase inhibitor did not undergo TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that TNF-α mediates PM-induced apoptosis and that the MAPK pathway may play an important role in regulating this pathway.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Cheol Baek ◽  
Dahae Lee ◽  
Mun Seok Jo ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Yong Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae; commonly known as “sea buckthorn” and “vitamin tree”), is a spiny deciduous shrub whose fruit is used in foods and traditional medicines. The H. rhamnoides fruit (berry) is rich in vitamin C, with a level exceeding that found in lemons and oranges. H. rhamnoides berries are usually washed and pressed to create pomace and juice. Today, the powder of the aqueous extract of H. rhamnoides berries are sold as a functional food in many countries. As part of our ongoing effort to identify bioactive constituents from natural resources, we aimed to isolate and identify those from the fruits of H. rhamnoides. Phytochemical analysis of the extract of H. rhamnoides fruits led to the isolation and identification of six compounds, namely, a citric acid derivative (1), a phenolic (2), flavonoids (3 and 4), and megastigmane compounds (5 and 6). Treatment with compounds 1–6 did not have any impact on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. However, pretreatment with these compounds suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the isolated compounds, compound 1 was identified as the most active, with an IC50 of 39.76 ± 0.16 μM. This value was comparable to that of the NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with an IC50 of 28.48 ± 0.05 μM. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound 1 inhibited the LPS-induced expression of IKKα/β (IκB kinase alpha/beta), I-κBα (inhibitor of kappa B alpha), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated cytokine production was detected using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compound 1 decreased interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, the mechanism of action of 1 included the suppression of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting IKKα/β, I-κBα, NF-κB p65, iNOS, and COX-2, and the activities of IL-6 and TNF-α.

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