Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights

Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external agents to slow down or suppress cancer growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful in cancer chemoprevention. The occurrence of global cancer type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. Cancer is often preventable in developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it is a painful death sentence in developing and low-income countries due to the lack of modern therapies and awareness. One best practice to identify cancer control measures is to study the origin and risk factors associated with common types. Based on these factors and the health status of patients, stage, and severity of cancer, type of treatment is decided. Even though there are well-established therapies, cancer still stands as one of the major causes of death and a public health burden globally. Research shows that most cancers can be prevented, treated, or the incidence can be delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported to reduce various risk factors associated with different types of cancer through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights the role of bioactive compounds or natural products from plants in the chemoprevention of cancer. There are many plant based dietary factors involved in the chemoprevention process. The review discusses the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention using plants and phytocompounds, with special reference to five major chemopreventive phytocompounds. The article also summarizes the important chemopreventive mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the process. Since the role of antioxidants in chemoprevention is inevitable, an insight into plant-based antioxidant compounds that fight against this dreadful disease at various stages of carcinogenesis and disease progression is discussed. This will fill the research gap in search of chemopreventive natural compounds and encourage scientists in clinical trials of anticancer agents from plants.

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Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Exercise-Mediated Cardioprotection

Physiology ◽

10.1152/physiol.00011.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 216-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

John W. Calvert ◽

David J. Lefer

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Adrenergic Receptors ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Nitric Oxide Signaling ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cardioprotective Effects ◽

Β Adrenergic Receptors

Exercise promotes cardioprotection in both humans and animals not only by reducing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease but by reducing myocardial infarction and improving survival following ischemia. This article will define the role that nitric oxide and β-adrenergic receptors play in mediating the cardioprotective effects of exercise in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Risk factors associated with delirium in a general ICU: role of S-100 protein

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/cc6734 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. P513

Author(s):

A Rubino ◽

F Forfori ◽

G Licitra ◽

P Cosimini ◽

F Foltran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

S 100

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ROLE OF VARIOUS RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

International Research Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2230-8407.04511 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Pranay Wal ◽

Ankita Wal ◽

Nikita Saraswat ◽

Shalini Singh ◽

Shikha Bajpai

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Factors Associated

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Liver Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Population Based Analysis

10.21203/rs.2.20788/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guoyi Wu ◽

Xiaoben Pan ◽

Baohua Wang ◽

Xiaolei Zhu ◽

Jing Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Metastases ◽

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

The Body ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Rank Test ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background Estimates of the incidence and prognosis of developing liver metastases at the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis are lacking.Methods In this study, we analyzed the association of liver metastases and the PDAC patients outcome. The risk factors associated with liver metastases in PDAC patients were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Cox regression was performed to identify factors associated with OS.Results Patients with primary PDAC in the tail of the pancreas had a higher incidence of liver metastases (62.2%) than those with PDAC in the head (28.6%). Female gender, younger age, primary PDAC in the body or tail of the pancreas, and larger primary PDAC tumor size were positively associated with the occurrence of liver metastases. The median survival of patients with liver metastases was significantly shorter than that of patients without liver metastases. Older age, unmarried status, primary PDAC in the tail of the pancreas, and tumor size ≥4 cm were risk factors for OS in the liver metastases cohort.Conclusions Population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis of PDAC with liver metastases may help decide whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in patients with primary PDAC in the tail or body of the pancreas. The location of primary PDAC should be considered during the diagnosis and treatment of primary PDAC.

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Significant risk factors associated with facilities management (FM) outsourcing

Engineering Construction & Architectural Management ◽

10.1108/ecam-03-2014-0046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 771-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dubem I. Ikediashi ◽

Stephen O. Ogunlana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The Body ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Facilities Management ◽

Content Type ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Body Of Knowledge

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the body of knowledge on healthcare facilities management (FM) by investigating the risks associated with outsourcing of FM services in hospitals. Design/methodology/approach – The paper relied on two strands of methodology common with pragmatic research. Questionnaire survey (QS) used data from 208 respondents representing ten hospitals while three out of the ten hospitals involved in the QS were selected based on their willingness to enter the case study (CS) interview. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics for QS and using narrative techniques by discussing themes, sub-themes for the CS. Findings – Findings established 24 out of the 35 risk factors as critical, four factors as somehow critical, and five factors as not critical. Besides, nine risk factors were found to be significantly loaded on the five risk categories. The rank analysis also revealed that the top five critical risk factors are: inexperience and lack of requisite skills; possibility of fraud by vendor; financial failure of chosen vendor; vendor opportunism; and fall in morale of employees. Originality/value – The study provides an unambiguous contribution to exiting body of knowledge on outsourcing risks as it relates to healthcare FM. It reinforces the theory that risks exist in any form of relationship but developed a distinct body of factors associated with outsourcing of FM services particularly from the context of Nigeria’s public healthcare sector.

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Body Weight at Birth: The Only Risk Factor Associated with Contralateral Clavicular Fracture in Patients with Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50370-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeeihn Lee ◽

Joo Young Cho ◽

Byung Joo Lee ◽

Jong Min Kim ◽

Donghwi Park

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

The Body ◽

Youden Index ◽

Clavicular Fracture ◽

Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Muscular Torticollis

Abstract To date and to the best of our knowledge, there have been limited studies on the risk factor of clavicle fracture combined with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), despite it being the most common fracture in newborns. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT, and its effect on prognosis. In this study, a total of 134 infants with CMT were included. The risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT were analyzed. To analyze the correlation between the clinical parameters and the clavicular fracture in patients with CMT, demographic data, such as body weight at birth, maternal age, gender, gestational age, delivery method, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) thickness of ipsilateral side, its ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral side, and the first visitation date after birth were evaluated. In the results of this study, the clavicular fracture was found in 15 of 134 patients with CMT (19%). In multivariate logistic analysis, the body weight at birth was the only significant parameter for predicting clavicular fracture in patients with CMT (p-value < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of treatment duration between CMT infants with or without clavicular fracture. In infants with CMT, the area under the ROC curve of the body weight at birth for predicting clavicular fracture was 0.659 (95% CI, 0.564–0.745.; p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value obtained from the maximum Youden index J was 3470 g (sensitivity: 57.14%, specificity: 75.76%), and the odd ratio of clavicular fracture in patients with CMT increased by 1.244 times for every 100 g of body weight at birth. In conclusion, birth weight appears to be a clinical predictor of clavicular fracture in infants with CMT. More studies and discussions are needed on whether any screening should be recommended for detecting the concurrent clavicular fracture in subjects with CMT.

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Concentrations of the Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Response to Antiepileptic Drugs: A Literature Review

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029619859429 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 107602961985942 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽

Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys ◽

Ilona Kopyta ◽

Barbara Dolińska ◽

Andrzej Sobczak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Literature Review ◽

Antiepileptic Drug ◽

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽

The Body ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

The Brain

Epilepsy is a disease arising from morphological and metabolic changes in the brain. Approximately 60% of patients with seizures can be controlled with 1 antiepileptic drug (AED), while in others, polytherapy is required. The AED treatment affects a number of biochemical processes in the body, including increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is indicated that the duration of AED therapy with some AEDs significantly accelerates the process of atherosclerosis. Most of AEDs increase levels of homocysteine (HCys) as well as may affect concentrations of new, nonclassical risk factors for atherosclerosis, that is, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homoarginine (hArg). Because of the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of CVD, knowledge of HCys, ADMA, and hArg concentrations in patients with epilepsia treated with AED, both pediatric and adult, appears to be of significant importance.

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Use of a Multitheoretic Model to Understand and Classify Juvenile Computer Hacking Behavior

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854820969754 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009385482096975

Author(s):

Bryanna Fox ◽

Thomas J. Holt

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Latent Class ◽

National Sample ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Structural Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Computer Hacking ◽

Criminological Inquiry ◽

Insight Into ◽

Cross National

Criminological inquiry has identified a range of risk factors associated with juvenile delinquency. However, little research has assessed juvenile computer hacking, despite the substantial harm and opportunities for delinquent behavior online. Therefore, understanding the applicability of criminological risk factors among a cross-national sample of juvenile hackers is important from a theoretical and applied standpoint. This study aimed to address this gap using a logistic regression and latent class analysis (LCA) of risk factors associated with self-reported hacking behavior in a sample of more than 60,000 juveniles from around the globe. Results demonstrated support for individual- and structural-level predictors of delinquency, although distinct risk factors for hacking among three subtypes are identified in the LCA. This study examines criminological risk factors for juvenile hacking in a cross-national sample and provides insight into the distinct risk factors of hacking, so more tailored prevention and treatment modalities can be developed.

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The Incidence and Risk Factors for Lower Limb Skin Graft Failure

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2014/582080 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sumeet Reddy ◽

Falah El-Haddawi ◽

Michael Fancourt ◽

Glenn Farrant ◽

William Gilkison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Skin Graft ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Graft Failure ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The Body ◽

Skin Grafts ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Immunosuppressant Medication

Lower limb skin grafts are thought to have higher failure rates than skin grafts in other sites of the body. Currently, there is a paucity of literature on specific factors associated with lower limb skin graft failure. We present a series of 70 lower limb skin grafts in 50 patients with outcomes at 6 weeks. One-third of lower limb skin grafts went on to fail with increased BMI, peripheral vascular disease, and immunosuppressant medication use identified as significant risk factors.

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