scholarly journals Parenteral Antioxidant Supplementation at Birth Improves the Response to Intranasal Vaccination in Newborn Dairy Calves

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Arpita Nayak ◽  
Angel Abuelo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Intranasal Vaccine

Newborn calves experience oxidative stress throughout the first month of their life, which is known to decrease lymphocyte functions relevant to vaccine responsiveness. Thus, this study aimed to determine the extent to which parenteral antioxidant supplementation given at birth improves the response to an intranasal viral vaccine in the first month of life of newborn dairy calves. For this, 21 calves were randomly assigned at birth to one of two commercially available antioxidant micronutrient supplements or a placebo group receiving 0.9% sterile saline (n = 7/group). Serum and nasal secretion samples were collected before administration of treatments and an intranasal vaccine against respiratory viruses (bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine syncytial respiratory virus, and parainfluenza 3), and once weekly for the first four weeks of age. Systemic redox balance was determined in serum. Immunoglobulin A specific for bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine syncytial respiratory virus was quantified in nasal secretions as a proxy to intranasal vaccine responsiveness. Our results showed that parenteral administration of antioxidants at birth improved calves’ redox balance. Additionally, calves receiving antioxidant supplementation had higher concentrations of immunoglobulin A in their nasal secretions than calves in the control group. Thus, we conclude that supplementation of calves with antioxidants at birth could be a practical strategy to improve intranasal vaccine response. Future larger studies should evaluate the extent to which this increased mucosal response to intranasal vaccination could result in decreased calf morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals 451 Late-Breaking: Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii stimulates immunoglobulin A production in the gut of neonate dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Clothilde Villot ◽  
Leluo Guan ◽  
Andrew Skidmore ◽  
Eric Chevaux ◽  
Michael A Steele
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Iga Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Calves are born with a naïve immune system at birth and undergo rapid changes in terms of immunity. This study focused on evaluating the effect of S. boulardii CNCMI-1079 (SCB) supplementation from birth on immunoglobulin A (IgA) production in the gut of neonate dairy calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 20) were delivered naturally and immediately removed from the dam, and housed in individual straw-bedded pens with a random assignment to a treated group (supplementation with SCB: 10 × 109 CFU/d in each morning meal) or a control group (no supplementation). All the calves received two first meals of a standardized colostrum at 2 h and 12 h after birth followed by two meals per day of milk replacer (7.5% of birth BW; 260 g/kg CP; 160 g/kg crude fat, at 150g/L). Calves were euthanized at 7 d of age and samples from jejunum, ileum and colon were collected. The concentration of IgA and the gene expressions of polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) and a receptor of plasma B cells (CD79α) were compared between the two groups and among the locations. The expression of CD79α was up-regulated in the ileum compared to jejunum and colon tissues (P < 0.01), whereas pIgR down-regulated in the ileum compared to jejunum and colon (P < 0.01). The supplementation of SCB increased the IgA concentration in the ileum and colon of treated calves compared to the control calves (respectively 1.98 ± 0.09 vs 1.18 ± 0.15 mg/g DM of ileum content, and 1.45 ± 0.14 vs 0.59 ± 0.06 mg/g DM of colon content, P < 0.001). The results suggest that one of the mechanisms by which SCB exerts an immunoprotective effect in the gut is by stimulation of IgA’s secretion which may play a major role in mucosal protection in neonatal calves.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE PROBIOTICS «VETOSPORIN G» IN COMBINATION WITH THE PREBIOTIC «GUMI-MALYSH» ON THE IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF DAIRY CALVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
A.V. Andreeva ◽  
◽  
O.M. Altynbekov ◽  
A.Z. Khakimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to study the effect of the probiotic "Vetosporin G" in combination with the prebiotic "Gumi-malysh" on the immunobiological blood parameters of calves of the dairy growing period. The object of research was calves of 30-day-old black-and-white breed, divided into three groups. In the control group of animals of probiotic preparations were not drinking; the calves of the first experimental group used a probiotic "Vetosporin G"; calves second experimental group – probiotic "Vetosporin G" in combination with prebiotic "Gumi- malysh." The combined use of probiotic and prebiotic promoted favorable effects on immunological indicators of the organism of calves, namely: increase in the content of erythrocytes in 1.2 times the hemoglobin of 1.19 times, leukocyte – 1.28 times; increase in the content of total protein of 1.16 times, the albumin – 1.1 times, globulins - 1.29 times; the increase in the number of T-lymphocytes to 1.18 times, Blymphocytes – 1.34 times; immunoglobulin A – 1.54 times, immunoglobulin M – 1.33 times immunoglobulin G – 1.17 times compared with the same indicators of control group.

The effect of probiotics on the level of immunoglobulin A in women with violation of the biocenosis of the vagina

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
O.I. Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
V.P. Kvashenko ◽  
I.K. Akimova ◽  
I.N. Nosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Test System ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Serum Iga

The objective: the study of immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic, which contains lyophilized Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) – 13 mg (2,0ґ109 CFU) and lyophilized bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis) – 4 mg (2,0ґ109 CFU) the level of serum immunoglobulin IgA as a marker of local immunity in the plasma of women of reproductive age with the violation of the biocenosis of the vagina. Patients and methods. The study involved 86 patients of reproductive age with the violation of the vaginal biocenosis, which were divided into two groups according to received treatment. A survey was conducted for all patients in both groups: determine the level of serum IgA, measuring pH of vaginal environment and the quantification of lactobacilli and pathogenic flora with the help of test-system «Florotsenoz» before treatment and in 6 weeks after treatment. The state of vaginal microbiocenosis in both groups before treatment was homogeneous. Patients in both groups as therapy at the first stage of treatment received, if necessary antimicrobial therapy depending on the selected flora. In the second stage (restoration of microflora) patient of the main group received systemic probiotic combined with a complex prebiotic local action, patients in the control group, the probiotic localy in the form of the vaginal candles or tablets. Results. The research stated the increasing level of serum IgA in blood plasma of patients of the main group compared to control group at 20%, normalizing the pH of the vaginal environment in the main group in 94% of cases, which indicates an increase of immunity in mucosal. Conclusion. The inclusion of the systemic probiotic in the scheme of treatment of disorders of biocenosis of the vagina system enhances the increasing of immunity of the mucous membranes, and the vaginal tablets prebiotic of local action restores the own normal microflora of the vagina. Key words: serum immunoglobulin A, local immunity, vaginal dysbiosis, probiotics, prebiotics, vaginal microbiocenosis, the pH of the vaginal environment.

Relaxation Increases Salivary Immunoglobulin a

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Green ◽  
Marsha L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coping Skill ◽  
Relaxation Methods ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

While research indicates that high stress may be immunosuppressive, little is known about the effects of relaxation on the immune system. To determine whether relaxation is immunoenhancing, 50 volunteer college students were randomly assigned to one of four relaxation methods (Benson's relaxation response, guided visualization, massage, lying quietly with eyes closed, or a touching-control group). Salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and salivary Cortisol levels were recorded before and after one 20-min. relaxation session. Subjects in the relaxation response, visualization, and massage groups showed a significant increase in S-IgA concentrations from the before to the after relaxation samples. Also, post-relaxation S-IgA concentrations were significantly higher in the relaxation response, visualization, and massage groups than in the touching-control group. Salivary Cortisol did not change significantly. These data suggest that one component of the immune system, S-IgA, may be enhanced by the practice of a coping skill such as relaxation.

scholarly journals Establishment of peritoneal liquid electrophoretogram from healthy horses and horses submitted to experimentally induced intestinal obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F.S. Nogueira ◽  
P.A. Di Filippo ◽  
L.A. Anai ◽  
M.C. Vieira ◽  
K.M.M.G. Simplício ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Page Electrophoresis ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The initial inflammatory stages of the colic syndrome include changes known as acute phase response. The aim of this study was to contribute with the establishment of reference values concerning the electrophoretogram of peritoneal liquid from healthy horses and horses submitted to experimentally induced intestinal obstruction. Twenty-one horses were allotted in four groups: duodenal obstruction (DG), ileum obstruction (IG), left-dorsal colon obstruction (MG), and control group (CG). Peritoneal liquid was sampled before obtruction (T0), with 3 hours of obstruction (T3) and 6, 30, 102 and 174 hours after desobstructing (T6, T30, T102 and T174, respectively). Total protein levels were determined by the biuret method and protein fractions were obtained by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The acute phase proteins (APP) identified were Immunoglobulin-A, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitrypsin, heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin-G, haptoglobin, α1-acid glycoprotein and a still unnamed protein, which was called P24. There was no difference (P>0.3) in protein levels among groups, although a significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between distinct experimental moments in each group evidencing a higher response of the APP in the obstructed groups. The APP fractioning of the peritoneal liquid was standardized to establish a standard curve for healthy equines and those submitted to induced intestinal obstruction. Moreover, it was verified that the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was sensitive and effective to help diagnose abdominal inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals An Attenuated Cytomegalovirus Vaccine with a Deletion of a Viral Chemokine Gene Is Protective against Congenital CMV Transmission in a Guinea Pig Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Leviton ◽  
Juan C. Lacayo ◽  
K. Yeon Choi ◽  
Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado ◽  
Andrew Wey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Chemokine Gene ◽  
Immunization Group ◽  
Viral Vaccine

Development of a vaccine against congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a public health priority, but CMVs encode immune evasion genes that complicate live virus vaccine design. To resolve this problem, this study employed guanosyl phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) mutagenesis to generate a recombinant guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) with a knockout of a viral chemokine gene, GPCMV MIP (gp1). MIP deletion virus replicated with wild-type kinetics in cell culture but was attenuated in nonpregnant guinea pigs, demonstrating reduced viremia and reduced inflammation and histopathology (compared to a control virus with an intact GPCMV MIP gene) following footpad inoculation. In spite of attenuation, the vaccine was immunogenic, eliciting antibody responses comparable to those observed in natural infection. To assess its protective potential as a vaccine, either recombinant virus or placebo was used to immunize seronegative female guinea pigs. Dams were challenged in the early 3rd trimester with salivary gland-adapted GPCMV. Immunization protected against DNAemia (1/15 in vaccine group versus 12/13 in the control group,P<0.01). Mean birth weights were significantly higher in pups born to vaccinated dams compared to controls (98.7 g versus 71.2 g,P<0.01). Vaccination reduced pup mortality, from 35/50 (70%) in controls to 8/52 (15%) in the immunization group. Congenital GPCMV infection was also reduced, from 35/50 (70%) in controls to 9/52 (17%) in the vaccine group (P<0.0001). We conclude that deletion of an immune modulation gene can attenuate the pathogenicity of GPCMV while resulting in a viral vaccine that retains immunogenicity and demonstrates efficacy against congenital infection and disease.

Circadian and Interpersonal Variability of Iga in Nasal Secretions

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Hughes ◽  
R. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Adrenal Hormone ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Iga Production ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Secretory immunoglobulin-A (IgA) in nasal mucus exerts a major protective function for the respiratory tract, and low amounts of IgA are reported to correlate with susceptibility to disease. Therefore, a study has been made of the variability in amount of IgA present in human nasal mucosa. Subjects' IgA production has been found to vary substantially during the day and to reach very low values from time to time. Subjects sampled themselves by a nasal wash procedure. The samples were analyzed for IgA and for total soluble protein Because the total protein is relatively constant, use of the ratio of these two quantities reduces the effect of sampling differences and gives a better measure of IgA production. Samples were collected five and six times daily in November and March. The results were similar with no seasonal effect. A three- to four-fold change was found in the IgA production of most subjects during an average day. The peak usually appeared between midnight and 8:00 a.m., with a broad low period during the afternoon, displaying a typical circadian cycle. The greatest number of low-value samples appeared in the period between 2:00 and 5:00 p.m. Subjects differed in their average level of IgA production. Most subjects had periods of consecutive low samples, often showing that their IgA production was low for four or more hours. All subjects had some periods of low IgA production. Some were consistently low, and these reported having a higher incidence of respiratory disease than average. These low periods and the variation between subjects may be important as to the susceptibility to respiratory disease. The method of determination is well worked out. It is recommended that physicians utilize this analysis to help diagnose the patient with frequent respiratory sickness, including those of the bronchial mucosa, sinus and middle ear. The present study shows that a serial observation of four samples over the day would be best for finding a hypo condition. However, if only one sample can be taken, the later part of the afternoon is the best time in order to discover the deficiency, if any. The existence of a circadian cycle suggests possible control by the adrenal hormone system which has a similar cycle. If confirmed by further research this finding would point to a study of methods of treatment to increase IgA production.

scholarly journals Switching to normal diet reverses kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments via increased nitric oxide level and expression of aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands of male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Taye Jemilat Lasisi ◽  
Shehu Tijani Shittu ◽  
Akinola Rasak Alada
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level

Kwashiorkor, a form of malnutrition, has been shown to cause impaired salivary secretion. However, there is dearth of information on the mechanism that underlies this complication. Also, whether returning to normal diet after kwashiorkor will reverse these complications or not is yet to be discerned. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the mechanisms that underlie kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments and to evaluate the effects of switching back to normal-diet on kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments. Weaning rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (control group, kwashiorkor group (KG), re-fed kwashiorkor group (RKG)) of 7 rats each. The control group had standard rat chow while the KG and RKG were fed 2% protein diet for 6 weeks to induce kwashiorkor. The RKG had their diet changed to standard rat-chow for another 6 weeks. Blood and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the analysis of total protein, electrolytes, amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion rate, leptin, and ghrelin. Tissue total protein, nitric oxide level, expressions of Na+/K+-ATPase, muscarinic (M3) receptor, and aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands were also determined. Data were presented as means ± SEM and compared using ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. RKG showed improved salivary function evidenced by reduced salivary lag-time and potassium and increased flow rate, sodium, amylase, IgA secretion rate, leptin, submandibular nitric oxide level, and aquaporin 5 expression compared with KG. This study for the first time demonstrated that kwashiorkor caused significant reduction in salivary secretion through reduction of nitric oxide level and aquaporin 5 expression in submandibular salivary glands. Normal-diet re-feeding after kwashiorkor returned salivary secretion to normal.

LOCAL IMMUNE STATUS AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PARATONSILLITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
T.V. Zolotova ◽  
◽  
A.G. Volkov ◽  
P.A. Kondrashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Antigenic Load

Paratonsillitis is one of the most common purulent inflammatory diseases, considered as a manifestation of chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the work is to study the state of local immunity by the level of immunoglobulin A in saliva in patients with paratonsillitis and its changes in the treatment process, to determine the level of antistreptolysin-O in serum, as well as to study the etiological factors of paratonsillites in the microbiological assessment of the species composition of flora in smears from the cavity of paratonsillar abscess. Under our observation there were 152: 32 healthy people and 120 patients with paratonsillitis under abecedarian or abscess stage. It was found that in patients with paratonsillitis there is a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the level of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva, which indicates a violation of local immunity and requires correction. The level of antibodies to streptolysin-O in the serum of patients with paratonsillitis was significantly - 10.25 times higher than in healthy individuals in the control group, which confirms the high streptococcal antigenic load. The results of microbiological examination of smears from the abscess cavity indicated the release of the most frequent pathogens of paratonsillites - Streptococcus β-haemolythicus, Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus Aureus, with bacterial associations prevailing (63.5%). After a course of antimicrobial therapy, supplemented with immunomodulatory agents in the form of bacterial lysates, there was an increase in the level of secretory IgA in saliva in 10-30 days in 3.3-4.5 times. At the same time, the level of antistreptolysin-O significantly decreased. In patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy in the form of bacterial lysates in the complex treatment of paratonsillitis, for the period of observation of 6 months, there was a decrease in the frequency of relapses of the disease by 2 times.

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