scholarly journals Acute Diarrhea in Dogs: Current Management and Potential Role of Dietary Polyphenols Supplementation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Candellone ◽  
Matteo Cerquetella ◽  
Flavia Girolami ◽  
Paola Badino ◽  
Rosangela Odore
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Chronic Enteropathies

Acute diarrhea is one of the most common reasons why pet owners seek veterinary care for their canine companions. In many cases, signs resolve spontaneously or with symptomatic therapy without a specific cause being discovered. However, life-threatening cases can occur. The etiology is complex, including infectious diseases (endoparasites, virus, bacteria, protozoa, fungal agents) by both zoonotic and non-zoonotic pathogens, dietary indiscretion, endocrine diseases, and stress (e.g., travel or environmental changes). In the last years, the role played by oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic enteropathies, independently from the initial noxa, has been highlighted by many researches in both humans and animals. As a result, a series of dietary antioxidant compounds have been studied for their potential use in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the traditional therapeutic and nutritional options to manage canine acute diarrhea, highlighting the need to explore the role of oxidative stress and potential antioxidant supplementation, especially polyphenols, during acute diarrheic episodes.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Nutraceuticals in the Modulation of the Immune Function: Current Knowledge in Animals of Veterinary Interest

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Colitti ◽  
Bruno Stefanon ◽  
Gianfranco Gabai ◽  
Maria Gelain ◽  
Federico Bonsembiante
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In the veterinary sector, many papers deal with the relationships between inflammation and oxidative stress. However, few studies investigate the mechanisms of action of oxidised molecules in the regulation of immune cells. Thus, authors often assume that these events, sometime leading to oxidative stress, are conserved among species. The aim of this review is to draw the state-of-the-art of the current knowledge about the role of oxidised molecules and dietary antioxidant compounds in the regulation of the immune cell functions and suggest some perspectives for future investigations in animals of veterinary interest.

scholarly journals Role of Food Antioxidants in Modulating Gut Microbial Communities: Novel Understandings in Intestinal Oxidative Stress Damage and Their Impact on Host Health

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka ◽  
Rohit Thirumdas ◽  
Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Mohsin Khurshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
The Impact

Dietary components have an important role on the structure and function of host gut microbial communities. Even though, various dietary components, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibers, and vitamins, have been studied in depth for their effect on gut microbiomes, little attention has been paid regarding the impact of several food antioxidants on the gut microbiome. The long-term exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause microbial dysbiosis which leads to numerous intestinal diseases such as microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal injury, colorectal cancers, enteric infections, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, it has been shown that the food derived antioxidant compounds might protect the host from intestinal oxidative stress via modulating the composition of beneficial microbial species in the gut. The present review summarizes the impact of food antioxidants including antioxidant vitamins, dietary polyphenols, carotenoids, and bioactive peptides on the structure as well as function of host gut microbial communities. Several in vitro, animal model, and clinical studies indicates that food antioxidants might modify the host gut microbial communities and their health status. However, still further clarification is needed as to whether changes in certain microbial species caused by food additives may lead to changes in metabolism and immune function.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous solution of caffeine on serum level of superoxide dismutase in male Wister rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 046-050
Author(s):  
Chima Daniel ◽  
Onwugbuta Godpower Chukwuemeka ◽  
John Godson Nnamdi
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Animal House

Caffeine is an active ingredient of coffee (Nescafe) as one of the major sources of dietary antioxidant compounds which counteract the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the main contributors to oxidative stress. This research is carried out to investigate the role of caffeine in modulating superoxide dismutase and caffeine’s contribution to aging. Forty five sexually matured albino rats with weights ranging from 120-200g were purchased from the animal house of the Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt. These animals were divided into five groups according to their weights and were housed in fifteen well ventilated cages containing sawdust which serves as beddings for the comfort of the animals and for easy removal of their feaces. They were fed daily with animal feed, water ad libitum and allowed to acclimatize for a period of one week, after which their weights were taken and caffeine administration commenced.The results obtained showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight of the animals on days 14 and 21 following the administration of 20mg/kg of the extract when compared with day 0 and a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum superoxide dismutase activity for 100mg/kg on day 14 when compared to the control. The findings of this study suggests that caffeine (NESCAFE) may have little or no significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathophysiology and Opportunities for Pharmacological Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Teresa Cunha-Oliveira ◽  
Liliana Montezinho ◽  
Catarina Mendes ◽  
Omidreza Firuzi ◽  
Luciano Saso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease or Charcot disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons (MNs) and leads to death within 2–5 years of diagnosis, without any effective therapy available. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to ALS are still unknown, a wealth of evidence indicates that an excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with an inefficient antioxidant defense represents an important pathological feature in ALS. Substantial evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the loss of MNs and in mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing decisively to neurodegeneration in ALS. Although the modulation of OS represents a promising approach to protect MNs from degeneration, the fact that several antioxidants with beneficial effects in animal models failed to show any therapeutic benefit in patients raises several questions that should be analyzed. Using specific queries for literature search on PubMed, we review here the role of OS-related mechanisms in ALS, including the involvement of altered mitochondrial function with repercussions in neurodegeneration. We also describe antioxidant compounds that have been mostly tested in preclinical and clinical trials of ALS, also describing their respective mechanisms of action. While the description of OS mechanism in the different mutations identified in ALS has as principal objective to clarify the contribution of OS in ALS, the description of positive and negative outcomes for each antioxidant is aimed at paving the way for novel opportunities for intervention. In conclusion, although antioxidant strategies represent a very promising approach to slow the progression of the disease, it is of utmost need to invest on the characterization of OS profiles representative of each subtype of patient, in order to develop personalized therapies, allowing to understand the characteristics of antioxidants that have beneficial effects on different subtypes of patients.

Dietary antioxidant for disease prevention corroborated by the Nrf2 pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany M. Hegazy ◽  
Eman M. El-Sayed ◽  
Khadiga S. Ibrahim ◽  
Amal S. Abdel-Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Reduced Risk

Abstract Dietary antioxidants are widely distributed in various types of our food. They are strongly associated with reduced risk of many chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer’s diseases. They include vitamins such as vitamins A, E, C, and carotenoids. Also, some minerals like; zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and selenium are essential for the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, dietary polyphenols and flavonoids are considered as potent antioxidant compounds. Vegetables, fruits, and edible herbs are the richest sources of such antioxidants. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress, either directly by reducing reactive species or indirectly by enhancing the body antioxidant defense mechanisms in different ways. These may include upregulating gene expression of some antioxidant enzymes via a nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor2 pathway. Administration of a mixture of antioxidants is beneficial since they act synergistically in various phases. The aims of this review are to summarize the different antioxidants from dietary sources and their role in the prevention of different diseases.

scholarly journals Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Carmen Mannucci ◽  
Marco Casciaro ◽  
Emanuela Elisa Sorbara ◽  
Fabrizio Calapai ◽  
Eleonora Di Salvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Wide Range

Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.

Oxidative Stress: Role of Natural Antioxidant Compounds

2016 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Bajpai ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Rather ◽  
Shruti Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

scholarly journals The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Juárez Olguín ◽  
David Calderón Guzmán ◽  
Ernestina Hernández García ◽  
Gerardo Barragán Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been implicated in different nervous system diseases. The level of dopamine transmission increases in response to any type of reward and by a large number of strongly additive drugs. The role of dopamine dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress is involved in health and disease. Introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present review focuses on the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds as a coadjuvant treatment to conventional neurological disorders is discussed.

scholarly journals Bioactive Polyphenols and Neuromodulation: Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Meo ◽  
Anna Valentino ◽  
Orsolina Petillo ◽  
Gianfranco Peluso ◽  
Stefania Filosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
Preventive Effects

The interest in dietary polyphenols in recent years has greatly increased due to their antioxidant bioactivity with preventive properties against chronic diseases. Polyphenols, by modulating different cellular functions, play an important role in neuroprotection and are able to neutralize the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Interestingly, all these mechanisms are involved in neurodegeneration. Although polyphenols display differences in their effectiveness due to interindividual variability, recent studies indicated that bioactive polyphenols in food and beverages promote health and prevent age-related cognitive decline. Polyphenols have a poor bioavailability and their digestion by gut microbiota produces active metabolites. In fact, dietary bioactive polyphenols need to be modified by microbiota present in the intestine before being absorbed, and to exert health preventive effects by interacting with cellular signalling pathways. This literature review includes an evaluation of the literature in English up to December 2019 in PubMed and Web of Science databases. A total of 307 studies, consisting of research reports, review articles and articles were examined and 146 were included. The review highlights the role of bioactive polyphenols in neurodegeneration, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are modulated by polyphenols involved in protection from oxidative stress and apoptosis prevention.

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