scholarly journals GC-MS based metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of solvent extracts of Allium chinense G Don leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10791
Author(s):  
Thejanuo RHETSO ◽  
Roopa M. SESHADRI ◽  
Shubharani RAMNATH ◽  
Sivaram VENKATARAMEGOWDA
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Ethyl Palmitate ◽  
Allium Chinense

Allium chinense, a main source of “Xiebai” drug in Chinese traditional medicine and commonly known as Ganoderma lucidum belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. The main focus of this research was to quantify the secondary metabolites, antioxidant potential and study the GC- MS based metabolite profile of different solvent leaf extracts of A. chinense. The reports on the bioactive compounds of A. chinense leaves are still insufficient compared to the bulb; hence this study was carried out to understand the bioactive compounds present in A. chinense leaves using different solvents of varying polarity. Our investigation showed that the ethanol extract contained the highest saponin, flavonoid, phenol, and DPPH scavenging activity. Further, metabolite profiling revealed a total of forty-eight compounds, indicating a diverse range of phytochemicals present in the four extracts. The highest number of compounds were observed in ethanol extract (15) followed by chloroform extract (13), petroleum ether extract (11) and methanol extract (9). Some of the major compounds identified in the four solvents are octacosane (27.11%), heptadecane (19.66%), eicosane (18.51%), ethyl palmitate (18.50%), phytol (17.68%) and phytol acetate (17.30%). In conclusion, this study highlights that A. chinense leaf extracts contain high saponins, terpenes and alkanes which could be a potential source of a new beneficial drug.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6987
Author(s):  
Kunle Okaiyeto ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Crude Extracts

The high resistance evolution of protozoans to the existing antiparasitic drugs has necessitated the quest for novel and effective drugs against plasmodium and trypanosome parasites. As a result, this study aimed to assess the antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal potentials of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol leaf extracts of Oedera genistifolia. Standard biochemical procedures were explored for the plant extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was used to identify the bioactive compounds in the crude extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were assessed against human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa cells) and their antiparasitic activities were investigated against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. GCMS analyses of the crude extracts revealed the bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the biological activities. The extracts had no cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and demonstrated good antiplasmodial activity (chloroform extract: IC50 = 11.6 µg∙mL−1, ethyl acetate extract: IC50 = 3.3 µg∙mL−1 and ethanol extract: IC50 = 3.7 µg∙mL−1). Likewise, they showed excellent antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 = 0.5 µg∙mL−1 for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts and IC50 = 0.4 µg∙mL−1 for the ethanol extract. Findings from the present study indicated that O. genistifolia could be a good source of strong antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal agents.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling of 96% Ethanol Extract from Marsilea crenata Presl. Leaves Using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Predicition Activity with Molecular Docking

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Burhan Ma’arif ◽  
Denis ◽  
Arief Suryadinata ◽  
Artabah ◽  
Hening Laswati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amine Hydrochloride ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Phytoestrogen is a group of compounds that can replace the estrogen function in the body. One of its roles was as anti-neuroinflammatory by inhibiting the microglia M1 polarity activation. Marsilea crenata Presl. is a plant that suspected to contain phytoestrogens. The aim of this research was to determine the metabolite profile of 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, and prediction the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of compounds with molecular docking. The 100 ppm of 96% ethanol extract in DCM and methanol were injected 5 µl each into the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, and then analyzed by Masslynx 4.1 software to determine the compounds. The result of metabolite profiling shows a total 59 compounds in both DCM and methanol. Molecular docking was done with Autodock 4.2.6. After being analyzed, there are 3 compounds that are predicted to have activities similar to 17β-estradiol, they are prochlorperazine, 12-Aminododecanoic acid, and 1-methyl-2-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidaol-5-amine hydrochloride. The results showed that the three compounds were predicted to be phytoestrogen compounds from M. crenata leaves, which have potential as anti-neuroinflammatory.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Coleus forskohlii L. collected from Al-Baha Area, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-086
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Yahya Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from Al-Baha area and air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (274.33±3.29 mg GAE/gm), followed by ethyl acetate extract (182.94±1.82 mg GAE/gm), ethanol extract (79.63±2.02 mg GAE/gm) and petroleum ether extract (73.38±3.07 mg GAE/gm), while the lowest content was in chloroform extract (60.06±2.12 mg GAE/gm). The antioxidant activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (67.68±1.55%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (43.38±1.27%), ethanol extract (36.02±1.29%), petroleum ether extract (20.71±0.59%) and chloroform extract (19.73±0.74%). The antimicrobial activity showed that all microorganisms tested were resistant at the concentration of 25 and 50 mg/ml of plant extracts, whereas the concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml showed varying activities against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Candida albicans. The study concluded that the stem extracts of C. forskohlli have promising pharmacological and biological activities that could be beneficial in pharmaceutical as well as food and medicinal industries.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafid Rasyiid ◽  
Rendi Mahadi ◽  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Lindia Anggraini ◽  
Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. The treated macrophage was then challenged for their phagocytic activity to latex beads. The antioxidant activity was done using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) with spectrophotometry technique. All treatments were done with three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytic activity followed with chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetat extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the extract with the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol with similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling of Dioscorea (Yam) Leaves to Identify Bioactive Compounds Reveals Their Potential as Renewable Resources

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Min-Ji Kim ◽  
Su-Young Son ◽  
Su-Gyeong Jeon ◽  
Jeong-Gu Kim ◽  
Choong-Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
June July ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are cultivated and consumed as edible tubers, while their leaves are discarded as waste or burned with negative environmental impact. Herein, the metabolites of two yam species (Danma, DAN; Dunggeunma, DUN), harvested in June, July, and August, were profiled using GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated to stimulate the utilization of yam leaves as a by-product. We observed that the relative levels of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and saponins decreased linearly with prolonged harvest time, while fatty acid, phenanthrene, and flavonoid levels gradually increased. Furthermore, the leaf extracts obtained in August exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. To determine the antioxidant-contributing metabolites, OPLS-DA was performed for the leaf metabolites of DAN and DUN leaves harvested in August. Hydroxytyrosol-glucoside, apigenin-rhamnoside, and rutin were more abundant in DUN, while luteolin, phenanthrene derivatives, epicatechin, and kaempferide were relatively higher in DAN and their respective metabolites were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. Moreover, secondary metabolites were more abundant in the leaves than in the roots, and consequently, the antioxidant activity of the former was also higher. Overall, the potential value of yam leaves as a renewable source of bioactive compounds is proposed.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Subramanian Manimaran ◽  
Kadirvelmurugan Venkatachalam ◽  
Gandhimaniyan Krishnan ◽  
Ambedkar Govindasamy ◽  
Vijayakumar Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

scholarly journals Ovicidal and Latent Effects of Pulicaria jaubertii (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts on Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z. Shehata ◽  
Tarek M. El-Sheikh ◽  
Raafat M. Shaapan ◽  
Sobhy Abdel-Shafy ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Latent Effects

ABSTRACT The control of Aedes aegypti with synthetic pesticides may result in adverse effects on wildlife and the environment. Bioactive plant extracts have been proposed as one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides used against mosquitoes. Here, we report on the ovicidal and latent effects of ethanolic, petroleum ether, and chloroform leaf extracts of Pulicaria jaubertii at 25 to 150 ppm each against the life stages of laboratory stain of Ae. aegypti. At 150 ppm, the ethanolic leaf extract resulted in 100% ovicidal activity, followed by petroleum ether extract (74%), and chloroform extract about 7% mortality. The ethanolic extract produced 100% larval and pupal mortality at both 75 and 50 ppm, while the petroleum ether extract produced 76.5 and 58.3%, respectively. The ethanolic extract recorded the highest percentage of adult mortality (72.7%) at the lowest concentration (25 ppm). At 25 and 50 ppm, the ethanolic extract resulted in 62.2 and 85.2% sterility index of Ae. aegypti females, respectively, as compared with the 0.1 and 3.5% sterility index caused by the chloroform extract at the same concentrations. In conclusion, P. jaubertii appears to have potential to be further evaluated as a mosquito control agent. Additional studies are needed on its mode of action, synergism with other products, and efficacy under actual field conditions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytoconstituents and Exploration of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavanging Activities of Citrus assamensis Leaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Sohel Rana
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The aim of the current investigation was to identify bioactive secondary metabolites and compare the phytoconstituents and antioxidant profile of different leaf extracts of Citrus assamensis. Preliminary phytochemical screening of chloroform extract of C. assamensis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, phenols, tannins, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids, whereas the methanol and ethanol extracts were found to contain no saponin. The screenings of the plant revealed that, the amount of phenols was higher in methanol extract, while the ethanol extract was found to be rich in flavonoid and total antioxidant capacity. Methanol extract of C. assamensis leaf showed potent nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity having IC50 value of 137.85 and 85 μg/ml, respectively. The chloroform extract was found to be highly effective in DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity when compared to the standard. In case of catalase assay, all the C. assemensis leaf extracts showed highest activity at 50μg/ml. In most cases, lowest concentration of test groups showed significant (**p<0.01 & *p<0.05) peroxidase activity.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1): 29-36, 2018 (June)

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rendi Mahadi ◽  
Mustafid Rasyiid ◽  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Lindia Anggraini ◽  
Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. Macrophage cells separated form peritoneal fluid used RPMI medium. Phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity of macrophages were performed in vitro using latex beads that suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antioxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometry technique with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. All treatments were done three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytosis activity followed by chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract has a high immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant activity which contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the bioactive compounds of Vernonia amygdalina Delile extracts and their antibacterial potentials on water-related bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola Olusola-Makinde ◽  
Olayinka Bukola Olabanji ◽  
Tope Abraham Ibisanmi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Microbiological Test

Abstract Background This study focused on the evaluation of the bioactive compounds of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaf extracts and their antibacterial potential on some water-related bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolates were confirmed using standard microbiological test. The leaves of V. amygdalina were subjected to extraction using the Maceration method with water and ethanol as the extraction solvents. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) was carried out on extracts. Antibacterial susceptibility test of V. amygdalina extracts on isolates was carried out. Results Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina had a higher percentage yield (11.89%) than the ethanol extract (5.37%). The GC–MS carried out revealed the presence of butanoic acid, squalene, palmitaldehyde, octadecanoic acid, Z-hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, oxirane, tetradecyl, 3- methyl-2-phenylindole, n-heneicosane, phytol, methyl-2-O-benzyl-d-arabinofuranoside, cholest-5-en-3-ol acetate; with hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester and 1,1-diethoxy-3methylbutane having the highest percentage composition of 24.37% and 13.42% in aqueous and ethanol extract, respectively, aqueous extract highly inhibited Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 10.333 ± 0.882 and 36.667 ± 0.882 for 25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, respectively, while the ethanol extracts inhibited most of the isolates with an inhibition range of 7.000 ± 1.155 to 30.333 ± 0.882. The minimum inhibitory concentration for both extracts on the isolates varies from 25 to 50 mg/ml. Conclusions The ethanol extract of V. amygdalina had a higher inhibitory activity on the bacterial isolates than water. These findings indicate the potential of ethanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf in the treatment of water borne infections.

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