scholarly journals Construction of a Medical Radiation-Shielding Environment by Analyzing the Weaving Characteristics and Shielding Performance of Shielding Fibers Using X-ray-Impermeable Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Seon-Chil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Radiation Shields ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Shielding Material

As the scope of radiation use in medical and industrial fields has expanded, interest in radiation shielding is increasing. Most existing radiation shields use Pb-based products, primarily in the form of a laminated sheet, which requires attention as fine cracks may occur depending on the usage and storage conditions. The weight of the sheets limits users’ activities, and they pose a risk of heavy metal contamination. To address these problems, this study proposed a shielding fiber with improved flexibility and workability, and thus, produce a shielding garment. Masterbatches of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber were manufactured using the eco-friendly materials, BaSO4 and Bi2O3. Yarns were fabricated by the melt spinning process, and fabrics were woven. With 5 wt% of shielding material, the yarns’ shield against radiation and was sufficiently strong for fabric weaving. The fibers’ radiation shielding averaged 9–13%, with the Bi2O3 fiber displaying better shielding performance than the BaSO4. It is believed that the findings of this study on improving the yarn manufacturing process could be applied for protection against low-dose and scattered rays in medical applications and for aerospace radiation protection. In addition, the proposed shielding fibers’ flexibility makes them suitable for future use in the production of various radiation shields.

scholarly journals In-Situ X-Ray Characterization of Fiber Structure during Melt Spinning

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892500800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Ellison ◽  
Paulo E. Lopes ◽  
William T. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinning Process

The properties of a polymer are strongly influenced by its morphology. In the case of fibers from semi-crystalline polymers this consists of the degree of crystallinity, the spacing and alignment of the crystalline regions, and molecular orientation of the polymer chains in the amorphous regions. Information on crystallinity and orientation can be obtained from X-ray analysis. In-situ X-ray characterization of a polymer during the melt spinning process is a major source of information about the effects of material characteristics and processing conditions upon structure evolution along the spinline, and the final structure and properties of the end product. We have recently designed and installed an X-ray system capable of in-situ analysis during polymer melt spinning. To the best of our knowledge this system is unique in its capabilities for the simultaneous detection of wide angle and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS, respectively), its use of a conventional laboratory radiation source, its vertical mobility along the spinline, and its ability to simulate a semi-industrial environment. Setup, operation and demonstration of the capabilities of this system is presented herein as applied to the characterization of the melt spinning of isotactic poly(propylene). Crystallinity and crystalline orientation calculated from WAXS patterns, and lamellar long period calculated from SAXS patterns, were obtained during melt spinning of the polymer along the spinline.

scholarly journals X-ray shielding by a novel garment woven with melt-spun monofilament weft yarn containing lead and tin particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Zarrebini ◽  
Ahmad Shirani ◽  
Mohsen Shanbeh ◽  
Sedigheh Borhani
Keyword(s):  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Polypropylene Monofilament ◽  
And Storage

Conventional lead aprons are rather heavy and uncomfortable for the wearer and also crack easily due to bending during both usage and storage. Coating of textiles with certain compounds provides protection against ionizing radiation. However, coated garments may have reduced flexibility and breathability. The principle aim of this study is development of a lightweight textile-based X-ray radiation shielding. The shielding fabric, while capable of significantly attenuating X-rays, relative to current conventional aprons is more intrinsically flexible, breathable, economical, easy to maintain, and crack resistant. Samples of fabrics were woven using melt-spun polypropylene monofilament yarns containing lead and tin particles. Shielding properties of the samples was measured using a high-purity germanium detector. Results showed that the samples composed of higher metal particles concentration and higher metal density and atomic number exhibited higher attenuation capability. Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. Furthermore, insignificant changes in the attenuation capability of samples due to abrasion and laundering processes occurred.

scholarly journals The gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of textured steel yarn based fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
ÖZDEMIR HAKAN ◽  
CAMGÖZ BERKAY
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Shielding ◽  
Shielding Material

Lead aprons that are lead-shielding products are generally used for personal protection of physicians and patients from X-ray (gamma) radiation during medical operations; lead has environmental disadvantages, with high toxicity, though. Therefore, the aim of this research was to produce an environmentally friendly and flexible textile-based radiation shielding material. In this work, 2/2 twill, 3/1 twill, Herringbone, Whipcord, which are twill derivatives, Barathea and Crêpe woven fabrics, which are sateen derivatives, woven with textured steel yarns, which have soft feeling and flexibility, and gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of these fabrics were investigated and were not studied in the references. The effects of fabric structural characteristics such as weave, conductive weft yarn density, fabric thickness and porosity on these properties were analysed graphically and statistically. It is observed that with the biggest thicknesses and lowest porosities, Barathea and Crêpe woven fabrics performed better gamma radiation shielding performance than other woven fabrics. The samples F1 and E1, woven with Barathea and Crêpe weave, have the highest gamma radiation shielding effectiveness, thanks to the highest fabric thicknesses and lowest porosities. In addition, the increases of textured steel yarn density improved the gamma radiation shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics.

AEM of a Ag-Y-Ba-Cu superconductor precursor material

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1192-1193
Author(s):  
A. J. Strutt ◽  
M. T. Simnad ◽  
E. Lavernia ◽  
K. S. Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Spinning Process

Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) has been used to characterize a Ag-rich superconductor precursor material whose composition (before oxidation) was based on 10 wt.% of a YBa2Cu3 alloy and 90 wt.% Ag, and the same material after an oxidation heat treatment of 690°C for 24 hours. The material had been produced by a melt spinning process as a metallic alloy to permit deformation of the material (in the metallic state) prior to subsequent oxidation to form the ceramic superconducting Y-Ba-Cu oxide phase.The microstructure was characterized using a Philips CM30 AEM, at 300 kV, using specimens thinned to electron transparency by ion-milling. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was performed using the same instrument, with a Link Analytical solid-state X-ray detector with an ultra-thin window.In the as-formed condition, the Y-Ba-Cu alloy phase exists as discrete particles at the triple points of the relatively fine (approx. 250 nm.)

Liquid Metal Based Stretchable Radiation-Shielding Film

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueguang Deng ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal Film ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Particle ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Better Than

We reported a stretchable and flexible radiation-shielding film based on room-temperature liquid metal. Conceptual experiments showed that the liquid metal based printing technology can achieve an ultrathin flexible radiation-shielding film with a thickness of 0.3 mm. Moreover, the yield strength and ultimate strength of the liquid metal film appear much better than those of a conventional lead-particle-containing radiation-shielding material. In order to evaluate the radiation-shielding performance of the liquid metal material, X-ray radiation experiments to compare the liquid metal film and conventional lead-particle-based shielding material under different stretching conditions were performed. The results indicate that the liquid metal shielding film could achieve a certain radiation-shielding performance. Furthermore, because of the screen-printing properties of liquid metal, a low-cost X-ray mask method using a liquid metal selective radiation-shielding film was also studied, which could serve as a highly efficient and practical method for the medical X-ray shielding applications or semiconductor lithography industry.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS MATERIALS APPLICATION FOR RADIATION SHIELDING AT TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL BY DRY METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
V.G. Rudychev ◽  
N.A. Azarenkov ◽  
I.O. Girka ◽  
Y.V. Rudychev
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Radiation Shields ◽  
And Storage

A model of the transport container intended for transportation of spent nuclear fuel (SFN) is studied. The passage of γ-quanta from the major long-lived isotopes is examined. The radiation shields made of iron, lead and depleted uranium, which are equivalent in mass to the thickness of iron of 15 to 35 cm is considered. The calculations are carried out using the Monte Carlo method (in MCNP and PHITS packages). The change in the characteristics of γ-radiation beyond the shields, made of different materials and with different thicknesses, is determined. For SNF from WWER-1000 with the thicknesses up to ~ 21 cm, the shield made of lead and uranium is shown to be more effective. If the thickness of the shield exceeds ~ 21 cm, then the shield made of iron is more effective. Increasing the thickness of the shields above 25 cm is shown to be inefficient, since the shields mass increases but the dose rate decreases slightly in this case.

Microstructure Analysis of Melt Spun FeN foils with α''-Fe16N2Phase

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 2373-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md A Mehedi ◽  
Yanfeng Jiang ◽  
Jian-Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Auger Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

ABSTRACTWe are reporting an approach to prepare bulk foils of α″-Fe16N2that can be directly obtained from a melt spinning process. The diffraction peaks from α″-Fe16N2phase were found in X-ray diffraction spectrum of the foil, for which a nitrogen composition of 8.7at% was found by Auger electron spectroscopy. The microstructure of this melt spun foil was analyzed. We found 600 nm subgrains inside 8 μm grains for this foil. The coercivity of the α″-Fe16N2foil was found as 222 Oe with a saturation magnetization of 223 emu/g. We analyzed the coercivity based on the microstructure and proposed a model to explain how to further improve it in melt spun FeN foils.

Quantitative Analysis Of X-Ray Images From Geological Materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
J. M. Paque ◽  
R. Browning ◽  
P. L. King ◽  
P. Pianetta
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Insight Into

Geological samples typically contain many minerals (phases) with multiple element compositions. A complete analytical description should give the number of phases present, the volume occupied by each phase in the bulk sample, the average and range of composition of each phase, and the bulk composition of the sample. A practical approach to providing such a complete description is from quantitative analysis of multi-elemental x-ray images.With the advances in recent years in the speed and storage capabilities of laboratory computers, large quantities of data can be efficiently manipulated. Commercial software and hardware presently available allow simultaneous collection of multiple x-ray images from a sample (up to 16 for the Kevex Delta system). Thus, high resolution x-ray images of the majority of the detectable elements in a sample can be collected. The use of statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), can provide insight into mineral phase composition and the distribution of minerals within a sample.

Comparison of Lead, Copper and Aluminium as Gamma Radiation Shielding Material through Experimental Measurements and Simulation Using MCNP Version 4c

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20193-20206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akhlak Bin Aziz ◽  
Md. Faisal Rahman ◽  
Md. Mahidul Haque Prodhan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Simulation Monte Carlo ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Code Version

The paper compares  Lead, Copper and Aluminium as gamma radiation shielding material using both experimental and simulation techniques. Cs- 137 (662KeV), Na-22 (511KeV) and Na- 22(1274KeV) were used as gamma radiation sources and a sodium iodide (NaI) detector was used to detect the radiation. Variations were noted for detected gamma count rates by changing shielding material thickness. In the experimental approach, thickness was varied by placing sheets of a particular test material one by one. For simulation, Monte Carlo n- Particle (MCNP) code version 4c was used and the geometry of the whole experimental setup was plotted in it. The results were then compared for each test material and it was found that lead is the best shielding material for gamma radiation followed by copper and aluminium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document