scholarly journals Drivers’ Psychomotor Reaction Times Tested with a Test Station Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szydłowski ◽  
Krzysztof Surmiński ◽  
Damian Batory
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Complex Test ◽  
Turning Maneuver ◽  
Message Signs ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Test Scenarios

The article presents the standard method of the evaluation of car drivers’ psychomotor reaction times. A characteristic feature of this method is the ability to conduct tests using real vehicles equipped with mobile measuring apparatus. Measurements are carried out on people whose task is to initiate specific maneuvers (such as: a braking or turning maneuver, a combined braking and turning maneuver, as well as e.g., the use of an audio signal) in response to external stimuli coming from different directions. The sources of the stimuli are light signals emitted by variable message signs placed around the vehicle. The developed control and measurement equipment allows us to realize various and complex test scenarios. It generates stimulus sequences, assesses the correctness of the driver’s response and measures its time. This method allows us to obtain sets of results from tests carried out under different conditions and variable test durations. The possibility of testing a large number of participants in a relatively short time and in repetitive conditions allows for reliable statistical inference. The paper presents examples of research results obtained on the basis of few thousand tests carried out on a large group of respondents. The registered data was statistically processed and referred to the literature. A high degree of correlation between the analyzed results and the literature reports proves that the presented method may be a source of data for the analysis of phenomena related to the time of the driver’s response, especially the influence of various factors affecting its values.

scholarly journals Amide-Type Substrates in the Synthesis of N-Protected 1-Aminomethylphosphonium Salts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Dominika Kozicka ◽  
Paulina Zieleźny ◽  
Karol Erfurt ◽  
Jakub Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Work Up

Herein we describe the development and optimization of a two-step procedure for the synthesis of N-protected 1-aminomethylphosphonium salts from imides, amides, carbamates, or lactams. Our “step-by-step” methodology involves the transformation of amide-type substrates to the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives, followed by the substitution of the hydroxyl group with a phosphonium moiety. The first step of the described synthesis was conducted based on well-known protocols for hydroxymethylation with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde. In turn, the second (substitution) stage required optimization studies. In general, reactions of amide, carbamate, and lactam derivatives occurred at a temperature of 70 °C in a relatively short time (1 h). On the other hand, N-hydroxymethylimides reacted with triarylphosphonium salts at a much higher temperature (135 °C) and over longer reaction times (as much as 30 h). However, the proposed strategy is very efficient, especially when NaBr is used as a catalyst. Moreover, a simple work-up procedure involving only crystallization afforded good to excellent yields (up to 99%).

Historical Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Turchin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Dynamical Processes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
State Breakdown ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
High Degree

Many historical processes are dynamic. Populations grow and decline. Empires expand and collapse. Religions spread and wither. Natural scientists have made great strides in understanding dynamical processes in the physical and biological worlds using a synthetic approach that combines mathematical modeling with statistical analyses. Taking up the problem of territorial dynamics—why some polities at certain times expand and at other times contract—this book shows that a similar research program can advance our understanding of dynamical processes in history. The book develops hypotheses from a wide range of social, political, economic, and demographic factors: geopolitics, factors affecting collective solidarity, dynamics of ethnic assimilation/religious conversion, and the interaction between population dynamics and sociopolitical stability. It then translates these into a spectrum of mathematical models, investigates the dynamics predicted by the models, and contrasts model predictions with empirical patterns. The book's highly instructive empirical tests demonstrate that certain models predict empirical patterns with a very high degree of accuracy. For instance, one model accounts for the recurrent waves of state breakdown in medieval and early modern Europe. And historical data confirm that ethno-nationalist solidarity produces an aggressively expansive state under certain conditions (such as in locations where imperial frontiers coincide with religious divides). The strength of the book's results suggests that the synthetic approach advocated can significantly improve our understanding of historical dynamics.

Some Factors Affecting Reaction Times to Auditory Stimuli in Mental Patients

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (419) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
E. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Personal Equation ◽  
Work Up

A number of studies on reaction time (R.T.) latency to visual and auditory stimuli in psychotic patients has been reported since the first investigations on the personal equation were carried out. The general trends from the work up to 1943 are well summarized by Hunt (1944), while Granger's (1953) review of “Personality and visual perception” contains a summary of the studies on R.T. to visual stimuli.

scholarly journals Improving the economic efficiency of oil productionat the “Gazpromneft-Khantos” fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Rustam N. Asmandiyarov ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Barkalov ◽  
Rail R. Galeev ◽  
Rustam R. Gumerov ◽  
Yuri A. Katkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Functional Teams ◽  
Short Time

Aim. As part of a large-scale business transformation, Gazprom Neft is implementing new approaches to improving economic efficiency. One of such approaches is the launch of the “Renovation” project program, the purpose of which is to achieve maximum profitability of the basic well stock. The article describes the results of the study and formation of a set of measures to improve the economic efficiency of oil production at the fields of Gazpromneft-Khantos. Materials and methods. The key feature of “Renovation” is that the goal setting and the formation of key performance indicators of project teams are made not from the previously achieved result, but from the potential. To do this, a detailed technical and economic analysis of the factors affecting the profitability of oil production is first carried out, and the potential for increasing profitability is determined. After that, hypotheses are worked out to increase the economic efficiency of production and a set of measures is formed to realize the identified potential. The cross-functional teams of the “Renovation” program projects are formed around the core-team that includes specialists in geology, development, production, engineering, energy management, economics and IT. This allows teams to solve non-standard tasks in a short time, in a complex way, without attracting external leverage, which is an absolute competitive advantage. Results. The program of optimization measures developed by the cross-functional team of the Renovation project will provide the potential for the growth of the profitability of Gazpromneft-Khantos in the period from 2021 to 2030. Conclusions. The article presents the developed and implemented cases on reducing operating costs in various areas — geology and reservoir engineering, energy efficiency, oil production technologies, downhole operations and hydraulic fracturing, oilfield chemistry.

FEATURES OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Yu. V. NIKITOCHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Management Issues

In this article, human capital is considered as a set of processes of interaction of local groups of workers in the course of production activities. The study of human capital management issues in relation to the practice of Russian business is of particular interest due to the transition to the digital economy, demographic changes and structural changes in the labor market. The purpose of this article is to determine the features of human capital management, taking into account generational cohorts in the light of new economic trends. The re-search is exploratory and is aimed at studying the practice of human capital management, which includes the processes of formation, retention and development of different generational cohorts. Based on a comparative analysis of major international and domestic scientific research, various factors affecting the process of at-tracting, retaining and developing employees of different generations are identified in the work. The results of this study will allow managers to implement an effective policy of managing the corporation's human capital and in a short time create a favorable environment for the development of employees and the enterprise as a whole with minimal financial costs.

Factors affecting colour removal from reactive dye bath by ozonation

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kabdaşlı ◽  
T. Ölmez ◽  
O. Tünay
Keyword(s):  
Initial Rate ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Synthetic Dye ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Short Time

A reactive dye bath sample containing a mixture of dyes was ozonated and colour removal was obtained in a relatively short time of 30 min at 605 mgl-1 of ozone utilisation. The factors affecting ozonation were assessed by comparing the results of dye bath and synthetic samples. Results from dye bath and synthetic dye solution ozonation were found to be significantly different. NaCl and Na2CO3 were determined to have a slight effect only on the initial rate of ozonation. However, the effect of the chelating agent in terms of both time and ozone dose was significant and explained the differences between the results of the dye bath and dye solution ozonation.

scholarly journals Room-temperature autonomous self-healing glassy polymers with hyperbranched structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 11299-11305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Hanchao Liu ◽  
Zhenxing Cao ◽  
Weihang Li ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
High Degree ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Hyperbranched Structure

Glassy polymers are extremely difficult to self-heal below their glass transition temperature (Tg) due to the frozen molecules. Here, we fabricate a series of randomly hyperbranched polymers (RHP) with high density of multiple hydrogen bonds, which showTgup to 49 °C and storage modulus up to 2.7 GPa. We reveal that the hyperbranched structure not only allows the external branch units and terminals of the molecules to have a high degree of mobility in the glassy state, but also leads to the coexistence of “free” and associated complementary moieties of hydrogen bonds. The free complementary moieties can exchange with the associated hydrogen bonds, enabling network reconfiguration in the glassy polymer. As a result, the RHP shows amazing instantaneous self-healing with recovered tensile strength up to 5.5 MPa within 1 min, and the self-healing efficiency increases with contacting time at room temperature without the intervention of external stimuli.

scholarly journals Index of Atmospheric Purity reflects the ecological conditions better than the environmental pollution in the Carpathian forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2691-2706
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tanona ◽  
Paweł Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) is a popular tool used for the assessment of air quality in polluted urban areas, on the basis of phytosociological data of epiphytic lichen communities. We hypothesized that this indicator could also be used in less polluted forest areas to determine the quality of ecological conditions for lichens. The aim of the present study was to verify the use of IAP method in the assessment of environmental pollution, and alternatively for the assessment of general ecological conditions in protected mountain forests of Gorce National Park (Polish Western Carpathians) based on the epiphytic lichen biota associated with Picea abies. The spatial distribution of IAP values on monitored sites in GNP was compared with: 1) spatial distribution of accumulated sulfur, nitrogen, selected heavy metals, and total heavy metals in Hypogymnia physodes thalli in 1993 and 2018 (30 sites), 2) mean ecological indicator values characterizing species requirements for light (L), substrate reaction (R) and nutrients (N), in 1993, 2013 and 2018 (33 sites). Generalized linear model and redundancy analysis were performed for disclosing most influencing factors affecting lichen communities. The study revealed a few negligible relationships between IAP values and accumulation of such elements as Ni, Mn, Cd, and Cr in both monitoring periods. Simultaneously, IAP can be useful for the identification of forest areas with a high degree of naturalness.

Factors Affecting the Structure of Song and the Singing Behaviour of Some Northern European Passerine Birds

Behaviour ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 286-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma Sorjonen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Size Limitation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Forest Habitats

AbstractIn this study the effects of bird size, genus, habitat, song community and geographical distribution on song structure and singing behaviour of some passcrine species in northern Europe were simultaneously studied. Most species tend to improve their long distance song propagation in their specific habitat and song community. Song propagation correlates strongest with the use of low-pitched elements but not all birds are able to use these because of size limitation. In forest habitats whistles and modulated elements were used to improve song propagation. In open habitats high-pitched elements as well as repeated and trilled syllables were often used for better propagation of acoustic information. In song communities with a great number of species, the birds reduce song interference by other singers, by singing short songs and using modulated elements and long intersong pauses. When the birds greatly profit from effective long distance song propagation, like in northern areas with only short time for pair formation, the birds can segregate in singing time by using the light nights for singing. In these communities with low numbers of species the birds have been freed from song interference and have long songs and short intersong pauses and they can increase in this way their singing rate. The effect of song community on song length, intersong pause and the use of modulated elements in the song is stronger than that of habitat. The effect of the song community increases towards the north.

scholarly journals Psychological Health Assessment Model of Enterprise Employees Based on DNN Technology

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Complex Test

All enterprises gradually recognise the importance of employees’ healthy psychology to business activities in order to improve their own economic level and occupy a certain leading position in the economic market. The main factors affecting employees’ psychological health are used as input samples in this paper, and a network model of enterprise employees’ psychological health prediction based on DNN is developed. To form a specific set, the psychological health indicators are separated from the complex test items. The key influencing factors in psychological health assessment are chosen as input vectors, and the DNN algorithm’s output results are obtained, analysed, and compared. Following sample training, the artificial NN’s error between predicted and measured values is only 3.55 percent, achieving the desired effect. The DNN principle is used in this paper to create a mathematical prediction network model based on an analysis of psychological factors affecting employees in businesses. The calculation of the final result of the prediction system is simple and flexible when the parameters of the NN are changed, and the network model’s prediction efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved.

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