scholarly journals Pigment and Fatty Acid Production under Different Light Qualities in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Eduardo Feijão ◽  
Johannes W. Goessling ◽  
Isabel Caçador ◽  
Ana Rita Matos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Products ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Diatoms are microscopic biorefineries producing value-added molecules, including unique pigments, triglycerides (TAGs) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), with potential implications in aquaculture feeding and the food or biofuel industries. These molecules are utilized in vivo for energy harvesting from sunlight to drive photosynthesis and as photosynthetic storage products, respectively. In the present paper, we evaluate the effect of narrow-band spectral illumination on carotenoid, LC-PUFAs and TAG contents in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Shorter wavelengths in the blue spectral range resulted in higher production of total fatty acids, namely saturated TAGs. Longer wavelengths in the red spectral range increased the cell’s content in Hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Red wavelengths induced higher production of photoprotective carotenoids, namely fucoxanthin. In combination, the results demonstrate how diatom value-added molecule production can be modulated by spectral light control during the growth. How diatoms could use such mechanisms to regulate efficient light absorption and cell buoyancy in the open ocean is discussed.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

scholarly journals Dietary regulation of mammary lipogenesis in lactating rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
S M Warren
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Dietary Regulation ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The proportion of medium-chain fatty acids (C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0) in rat milk increased significantly between day 4 and day 8 of lactation and for the remainder of lactation these acids comprised 40-50mol% of the total fatty acids. The milk fatty acid composition from day 8 was markedly dependent on the presence of dietary fat and altered to include the major fatty acids of the fats (peanut oil, coconut oil and linseed oil). The distribution of fatty acids made within the gland, however, was independent of dietary lipid and C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0 acids accounted for over 70% of the fatty acids made. The rates of lipogenesis in both the mammary gland and liver determined in vivo after the administration of 3H2O were affected by the presence of dietary lipid. In the mammary gland the rate for rats fed a diet containing peanut oil for 7 days was only one fifth that for rats fed a fat-free diet. Coconut oil also suppressed lipogenesis. Both dietary fats also suppressed lipogenesis in the liver.

In vitro and in vivo rumen protection of proteins coated with calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
In Sacco

SummaryThe in sacco, in vitro and in vivo effects of feeding proteins partially coated with calcium soaps of longchain fatty acids were examined.In sacco, 84–90% of whey powder and soya-bean meal coated with calcium salts of fatty acids remained after 20 h incubation in the rumen of sheep. In vitro tests revealed no effects on volatile fatty acid or ammonia production.In vivo sheep balance studies, where soya-bean meal coated with calcium soaps was substituted for soya-bean meal, showed no effects on ammonia or volatile fatty acid production in the rumen due to the calcium soap coated proteins. No changes were observed in digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen or acid detergent fibre; total fatty acid digestion increased. Nitrogen balance was improved slightly in sheep fed the protected protein.It appears that proteins coated with calcium soaps are not degraded in the rumen and thus energy and non-degradable protein can be supplied to ruminants by this route.

scholarly journals Identification of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in Human Plasma after Controlled Dietary Intake of Specific Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3347
Author(s):  
Veronica Lolli ◽  
Margherita Dall’Asta ◽  
Daniele Del Rio ◽  
Augusta Caligiani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Cyclopropane fatty acids (CPFAs) are an investigated class of secondary fatty acids of microbial origin recently identified in foods. Even though the dietary daily intake of this class of compounds it has been recently estimated as not negligible, to date, no studies specifically have investigated their presence in human plasma after consumption of CPFA-rich sources. Therefore, the aims of this study were (i) to test CPFAs concentration in human plasma, thus demonstrating their in vivo bioaccessibility and potential bioavailability, (ii) to investigate a dose-response relationship between medium term chronic intake of CPFAs-rich foods and both CPFAs and plasma total fatty acid profiles in healthy subjects. Ten healthy normal weight adults were enrolled for conducting an in vivo study. Participants were asked to follow a CPFA-controlled diet for 3 weeks, consuming 50 g of Grana Padano cheese (GP) and 250 mL of whole cow milk, which correspond to a total of 22.1 mg of CPFAs. Fasting CPFAs concentration were monitored for eight timepoints during the whole study and plasma total fatty acids composition was determined by GC-MS. CPFAs, mainly dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA), were identified in plasma total fatty acids profile at the beginning of the study and after dietary treatment. A significant (p < 0.05) increase of CPFAs mean plasma concentration (n = 10) were observed at the end of the dietary intervention. Contrarily, the total fatty acids composition of the general plasma fatty acids profile did not significantly change (p ≥ 0.05) during the dietary intervention period. This is the first investigation demonstrating that CPFAs are bioaccessible in vivo and, as expected, their plasmatic concentration may be affected by consumption of CPFAs-rich foods. This research will open the door to further detailed research, which may better elucidate the role of these compounds in human health.

Abstract 618: Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Compete With Arachidonic Acid For The Formation Of Physiologically Active Cyp-eicosanoids In Man

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Konkel ◽  
Robert Fischer ◽  
Heidrun Mehling ◽  
Petra Kast ◽  
Christoph Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
The Individual

Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n-6) regulate vascular, renal, and cardiac function. However, the same CYP isoforms that metabolize AA also accept eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) as alternative substrates, suggesting that the profile of physiologically active CYP-eicosanoids can be modulated in vivo by changing the dietary fatty acid composition. After we proved this hypothesis in rodents, we now expanded our studies to humans. The trial included 10 healthy men and 10 women aged 18 to 45 years (EudraCT: 2009-013458-33). They ingested 1 Omacor® capsule (480 mg EPA + 360 mg DHA) daily for the first 4 weeks, and two capsules daily in the subsequent 4 weeks, followed by 8 weeks of wash-out. Fatty acids and CYP-dependent metabolites were determined in blood and urine samples by gas chromatography and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The Omega-3 Index (% EPA + DHA of total fatty acids in red blood cells) increased from 4.98±0.80 to 8.03±1.06 at week 8 (p <0.001 vs. week 0), and declined to 6.33±1.44 at week 16. Concomitantly, the plasma CYP-epoxyeicosanoid index, defined as the ratio of EPA- plus DHA- vs. AA-derived epoxymetabolites ((EEQs+EDPs)/EETs), increased almost 3-fold from 0.83±0.05 to 2.35±0.17 (p <0.001; week 0 vs. week 8), and declined to 1.58±0.53 at week 16. In urine, the corresponding hydrolysis products were detectable and their ratio increased from 1.57±1.19 to 4.74±2.61 after 2g Omacor ® , and returned to baseline (1.38±0.75) after cessation of supplementation. Among the individual regioisomeric epoxymetabolites, AA-derived 14,15-EET predominated at baseline but was clearly exceeded by the EPA-derived 17,18-EEQ after EPA/DHA supplementation (3.24±0.26 vs.1.88±0.22 at week 0 and 2.96±0.24 vs. 6.15±0.43 ng/ml plasma at week 8). The plasma level of DHA-derived 19,20-EDP increased from 1.23±0.11 at week 0 to 2.52±0.19 at week 8. These results demonstrate that the human CYP-eicosanoid profile is highly susceptible to changes in dietary fatty acids. In particular, EPA/DHA supplementation promotes the formation of 17,18-EEQ that we previously identified as a candidate for mediating vasodilatory and antiarrhythmic effects of omega-3 fatty acids.

Effect of Congo Red on Blood Platelets and Leucocytes of Rabbits and Cats

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th B. Tschopp ◽  
H.-R Baumgartner ◽  
A Studer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations ◽  
Indirect Mechanism

SummaryIn rabbits and cats Congo red administered intravenously causes severe thrombocytopenia and ultrastructural alterations of platelets and leucocytes, similar to those produced by some fatty acids and endotoxin. Transient leucopenia is followed by leucocytosis. In contrast, incubation of Congo red in citrated blood or platelet rich plasma has no effect. Therefore, an indirect mechanism is postulated to explain the in vivo effect of Congo red.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 92-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI HUANG ◽  
YONG XU ◽  
YOUHUA XU ◽  
LUPING ZHOU ◽  
CHENLIN GAO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

COVID-19: Opinion in Prevention and dietary based management hypothesis

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Talaat Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The pandemic of COVID-19 had started in Wuhan city china in late 2019 with a subsequent worldwide spread. The viral infection can seriousely affect multiple organs mainly lungs, kidneys, heart, liver and brain and may lead to respiratory, renal, cardiac or hepatic failure.Vascular thrombosis of unexplained mechanism that may lead to widespread blood clots in multiple organs and cytokine storms that result of overstimulation of the immune system subsequent of lung damage may lead to sudden decompensation due to hypotension and more damage to liver, kidney, brain or lungs.Until now no drug had proved efficient in getting rid of the problem and controlling the pandemic mainly depends on preventive measures.Many preventive measures can be considered to prevent the worldwide spread of viral transmission. Polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFAs) and the medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFAs) and their corresponding monoglycerides had high antiviral activities against the enveloped viruses which reach to more than 10,000 -fold reduction in the viral titres in vitro and in vivo after testing of its gastric aspirate, and can contribute to the systemic immunity against the enveloped viruses.

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