scholarly journals Effect of Sawdust Particle Size on Physical, Mechanical, and Energetic Properties of Pinus durangensis Briquettes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3805
Author(s):  
Christian Osvaldo Zepeda-Cepeda ◽  
José Rodolfo Goche-Télles ◽  
Celina Palacios-Mendoza ◽  
Oswaldo Moreno-Anguiano ◽  
Víctor Daniel Núñez-Retana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Energetic Properties ◽  
Simplex Lattice

Particle size is a physical property that sometimes limits the quality of briquettes, so it is recommended to use different sizes in mixtures for their manufacture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different particle sizes of sawdust in mixtures on some physical, mechanical, and energetic properties of briquettes made from Pinus durangensis sawdust, as well as set the ranges within the appropriate values found to obtain desired values. Three particle sizes were established (large, medium, and small), and 10 mixtures were prepared using different percentages of each particle classification. The particle density, volumetric swelling, compressive strength, impact resistance index (IRI), and gross calorific value of the briquettes were evaluated. For the determination of optimal mixtures, the surface response methodology was used under a three-factor simplex-lattice model. The particle density values were in the range 0.92 to 1.02 g cm−3 and the volumetric swelling was 0.96 to 3.9%. The highest resistance to compression was 37.01 N mm−1, and the IRI was found in the range of 53 to 107%. The gross calorific values were from 19.35 to 21.63 MJ kg−1. The selection of different particle sizes for the mixtures increases the quality of the briquettes.

scholarly journals Valorization of briquettes fuel using Pinus spp. sawdust from five regions of Mexico

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2249-2263
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽  
Faustino Ruíz-Aquino ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
Nicolás González-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volumetric Expansion ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
The Impact

This research characterized briquettes made with Pinus spp. sawdust without the use of additives. For this purpose, 19 samples of sawdust from different wood industries located in five states of the Mexican Republic were used. The densification process was carried out in a vertical hydraulic piston laboratory briquette machine. The briquettes were made with 40 g of sawdust, at 50 °C, 20 kPa and pressing for 5 min. The results obtained varied as follows: moisture content (4.1% to 7.2%), density (813.9 to 1,014.4 kg/m3), volumetric expansion (7.4% to 37.3%), compressive strength (4.9 to 40.8 N/mm), impact resistance index (46.7% to 200%), ash (0.1% to 1.1%), volatile matter (82.9% to 90.7%), fixed carbon (8.9% to 16.4%), and calorific value (20.5 to 22.8 MJ/kg). The density of the briquettes was within the “acceptable” classification (800 to 1,200 kg/m3). It was observed that, the higher the density, the lower the volumetric expansion, the higher the compressive strength, and the higher the impact resistance index. According to the ash content, the briquettes could achieve international quality. Due to high volatile matter values, rapid combustion of the briquettes with little generation of toxic smoke would be expected. Fixed carbon and calorific value results were acceptable.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CAVITATION TREATMENT ON THE EXTINGUISHING OF PARTICLES OF OILS IN FUEL BOILERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
M. A. Taymarov ◽  
R. V. Akhmetova ◽  
S. M. Margulis ◽  
L. I. Kasimova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Oil Particles

The difficulties of burning the watered fuel oil used at the TPP as a reserve fuel for boilers are associated with its preparation by heating to reduce viscosity and the choice of a method of spraying with nozzles into the combustion zone. The quality of the preparation of fuel oil for combustion affecting the boiler efficiency is estimated by the length of the flame, the presence of burning large particles of fuel oil, the injection of coke and unburned particles onto screen and other heat-receiving surfaces. One of the ways to prepare fuel oil for combustion is cavitation treatment, which results in an emulsion consisting of fine micronsized particles. Heating of fuel oil particles after the nozzle in contact with the combustion zone is due to the flow of radiation from the burning torch. Therefore, in this article, the values of the flux density from the torch during the combustion of fuel oil are experimentally determined. The influence of particle size on the burning rate of the fuel oil M100 with the different density of the thermal radiation of the flame. It is found that the effect of cavitation treatment of fuel oil on the combustion rate is most significantly manifested in particle sizes less than 10 microns. For this purpose, the use of hydrodynamic cavitators are preferred at high fuel oil consumption rate.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI LIMBAH FINIR KAYU LAPIS BERDASARKAN UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN WAKTU PENGEMPAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT LIMBAH PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonsus Rodriquez ◽  
Ahmad Yani ◽  
Fathul Yusro
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Absorption Thickness ◽  
Water Contents

This study aims to analyze the quality of composite boards from plywood veneers waste and polypropylene plastic waste adhesives base on particle sizes, pressing times, and both of interaction towards physical and mechanical properties also to obtain the particle sizes and pressing time properly with the result that produce the qualified standard boards of JIS A 5908-2003. This research carried out at the wood workshop, laboratory of technology and processing of woods (the faculty of forestry, university of Tanjungpura), and the laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara. The materials used in this study were plywood veneers waste and polypropylene plastic by 50% : 50% comparison. The research method was utilized the completely randomized factorial design by two treatment factors. Factor A was particle sizes that consisting of 6 mesh, 8 mesh, and 10 mesh. Factor B was pressing time that consisting of 10 minutes, 15 minute, and 20 minutes. Composite boards were created by 30 x 30 x 1 size in centimetres by means the density target was 0,7 gr/cm3. The pressing was done by hot press in 180oC temperature and composite boards conditioning for 14 days. The results of this study showed that the density, water absorption, thickness, Modulus of Repture (MOR), internal bonding, holding strength of screws in the composite boards have been qualified the standard of JIS A 5908-2003. While, the water contents and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) testing were not qualified the standard of JIS 5908-2003. The treatment that produce the optimum composite boards which quality JIS A 5908-2003 standard was on the 8 mesh particle size treatment by means of 15 minutes pressing time.Keywords: Composite Board, Particle Size, Polypropylene Plastics, Pressing Time, Veneers Waste.

scholarly journals Technical note: Measurement of chemically-resolved volume equivalent diameter and effective density of particles by AAC-SPAMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Peng ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Xubing Du ◽  
Xinming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter

Abstract. Size and effective density (ρe) are important properties of aerosol particles and are related to their influences on human health and the global climate. The volume equivalent diameter (Dve) is an intrinsic property that is used to evaluate particle size. ρe, defined as the ratio of particle density to a dynamic shape factor (χ), is used to characterize the physical property of a particle as an alternative to particle density. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously characterize the Dve and ρe of particles. Here, we present a novel system that classifying particles with their aerodynamic diameter (Da) by aerodynamic aerosol classifiers (AAC) and determining their vacuum aerodynamic diameter (Dva) by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to achieve a measurement of Dve and ρe. The reliability of the AAC-SPAMS system for accurately obtaining Dve and ρe is verified based on the results that the deviation between the measured values and the theoretical values is less than 4 % for the size-resolved spherical polystyrene latex (PSL). The AAC-SPAMS system is applied to characterize the Dve and ρe of (NH4)2SO4 and NaNO3 particles, suggesting that these particles are aspherical and their ρe are independent of particle size. Finally, the AAC-SPAMS system is deployed in a field measurement, showing that it is a powerful technique to characterize the chemically-resolved Dve and ρe of particles in real time.

scholarly journals Effect of particle sizes and sodium hydroxide concentrations on silica extraction from minerals obtained in Kalirejo village, Kokap, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta

Eksergi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Tutik Muji Setyoningrum ◽  
Wibiana Wulan Nandari ◽  
Sri Wahyu Murni ◽  
Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Solid Liquid

Silica is mainly used in the production of rubber, glass, cement, glass, ceramics, paper, cosmetics, electronics, paintings, healthcare and other industries. Kalirejo village has a potential abundant resource of silica minerals. However, to refine it, high cost of extraction should be done to obtain high purity of silica. Different refining methods influence different purity of the silica. The purpose of this research was to study the refining process of mineral rock silica from Kalirejo village, Kokap, Kulonprogo by emplying simple and cheap solid-liquid extraction. Extraction was done by varying the particle size at 100 - 200 mesh, while NaOH concentration was varied in 0.5 N to 5 N.  Results showed that minerals taken from Kalirejo village was dominated by silica (23%).  The largest extract (4.89 gram) was obtained at 200 mesh and using NaOH 5 N with yield of 15.07%. Higher NaOH and higher particle size enhanced the extraction yield. This finding could help small communities in Kalirejo village to enhance the quality of silica by employing simple and cheap extraction process.

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical Characteristics of High Density Briquettes produced from Composite Sawdust

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Bello ◽  
M.A. Onilude
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Production Effects

Physico-mechanical characteristics of briquettes produced from composite sawdust admixture using a screw press briquetting machine was investigated. Sample feedstock materials collected has particle sizes varying between 6-8mm with 10-20% powdery components (< 4 mesh). Briquette’s physical characteristics investigated using standard test apparatus and procedures include dimensional stability immediately, 1 hour and 30 days after production, effects of particle moisture and particle size on briquette compressed and relaxed densities. Mechanical characteristics include resistance to gravity and impact, effects of densities on impact resistance index (IRI) and effects of briquette durability in water. Statistical models were used to establish empirical relationships between the feedstock materials (independent variables) and briquette characteristics (independent variables). The physical characteristics of briquettes produced at 12% are loose and brittle with poor dimensional stability, at 10% they are bonded but weak in strength with good dimensional stability while briquettes produced at 8% are wellformed, good colouration with char carbonation, excellent dimensional stability. The compressed density of the briquettes ranges of 490-820 kg/m3. The lower moisture briquettes have high resistance to water dispersion, high impact resistance and excellent storability. Keywords: Characterization, extrusion, briquette, sawmill, sawdust

scholarly journals Influence of Grit Size and Wood Species on the Granularity of Dust Particles during Sanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8165
Author(s):  
Marta Pędzik ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽  
Maciej Sydor ◽  
Tomasz Rogoziński
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grit Size ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Respirable Fraction ◽  
Dust Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oak Ash

Wood dust poses a threat to the health of employees and the risk of explosion and fire, accelerates the wear of machines, worsens the quality of processing, and requires large financial outlays for its removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the grit size of sandpaper influences the size of the wood dust particles and the proportion of the finest particles which, when dispersed in the air, may constitute the respirable fraction. Six species of hardwood (beech, oak, ash, hornbeam, alder, and walnut), and three species of softwood (larch, pine, and spruce) were used in the research. While sanding the samples under the established laboratory conditions, the following were measured for two types of sandpapers (grit sizes P60 and P180): mean arithmetic particle size of dust and finest dust particles content (<10 µm). Based on the obtained results, we found that the largest dust particle sizes were obtained for alder, pine, and spruce; the smallest size of dust particles during sanding with both sandpapers was obtained for beech, hornbeam, oak, ash, larch, and walnut. The mean arithmetic particle sizes ranged from 327.98 µm for pine to 104.23 µm for hornbeam. The mean particle size of the dust obtained with P60 granulation paper was 1.4 times larger than that of the dust obtained with P180 granulation sandpaper. The content of the finest dust particles ranged from 0.21% for pine (P60 sandpaper) to 12.58% for beech (P180 sandpaper).The type of wood (hardwood or softwood) has a significant influence on the particle size and the content of the finest dust fraction.

Bark particle sizes and the modification of the physical properties of peat substrates

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsalambi V. Nkongolo ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Gas Diffusivity ◽  
Diffusivity Measurements ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Wood Bark ◽  
Porosity Measurements ◽  
Coarse Gravel

The physical quality of peat mixes is in part related to the capacity of the substrate to store and supply air and water to plant roots. During manufacturing, the mixing of various substrate components modifies the substrate characteristics. The objective of this study was to assess the changes in air storage and supply properties caused by varying the particle size of the substrate components. The substrate was composed of 40% wood bark (WB), 50% peat, and 10% coarse gravel (volume basis). Wood bark particle size was varied in a first (0–2, 2–4, 4–8 and 8–25 mm) and a second (1–2, 2–4, 4–8 and 8–16 mm) experiment. When increasing bark particle sizes to 8–25 mm or 8–16 mm, air supply characteristics, as assessed with gas diffusivity measurements, decreased to 0.78 or 0.45 its value for the 2–4 or 1–2 mm average bark particle size. This occurred despite no significant changes in air storage, as assessed from air-filled porosity measurements. Key words: Gas diffusivity, pore tortuosity, air-filled porosity, peat lite mixes, peat substrates

Discrete Element Modeling of Scraping Process and Quantification of Powder Bed Quality for SLM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Mandloi ◽  
Parth Amrapurkar ◽  
Harish P. Cherukuri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Size And Shape

Abstract In selective laser melting (SLM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) additive manufacturing techniques, the powder spreading process plays a key role in the quality of the manufactured parts. Some of the important parameters that influence the quality of the powder bed are the powder particle size distribution, spreader-type (roller or blade), spreader speed, size and shape of the particles. In this work, we use the discrete element method to study the effect of these parameters on the quality of the powder bed. The interactions between the particles is modeled using Hertz-Mindlin contact model as well as Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model with the latter being used for studies of the effect of cohesiveness of particles on powder bed quality. The Dynamic Repose Angle (DRA) is used for validating the numerical models. Our studies differ from the previous studies in that we have introduced quantitative measures for powder bed quality in the form of Discretized Volume Fraction (DVF) and Particle Flow Rate (PFR) for the layering process. With the help of these quantities, we studied various factors that affect powder bed quality: cohesiveness of the particles, spreader shape, particle size and shape, and the distribution of particle sizes. Our results indicate that as DVF and PFR decrease and DRA increases, the potential for cavities and shifting defects increases due to increase in cohesiveness. Use of fixed particle size in the simulations leads to higher DRA than when a normal distribution of particle sizes is considered. Our results show that the roller geometry provides better bed quality as compared to the blade type geometry.

Lime Brust of Sintering Bricks of Purple Sandy Shale: the Effect of Limestone Particle Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Feng ◽  
Zhen Ping Tang ◽  
Hui Juan Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Critical Content ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Sandy Shale ◽  
Free Cao ◽  
The Relationship

Simulating current sintering process in local brickkilns, Hengyang region, Hunan Province, China, at 800°C, througt indoor sintering experiment on a series of brick samples of purple sandy shale, in which particle sizes of limestone are >-1Φ, >0Φ, >1Φ, >2Φ, >3Φ and >4Φ, respectively, it is concluded that the following: (1) Limestone granularity is a crucial factor affecting the quality of sintering bricks of purple sandy shale. Under different particle sizes, the critical content of limestone causing lime brust of sintering bricks is distinct, and lowers with the increasing in limestone granularity. (2) When limestone granularity is different, its impact way on the quality of sintering bricks is also distinct. The more coarse limestone granularity is, the more concentrative the swelling stress produced by the hydration of free CaO is, the more easily lime brust occurs. On the contrary, the more fine limestone granularity is, the more dispersive the swelling stress is, there is the more help to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of lime brust. (3) In view of the relationship between limestone granularity and the critical content of limestone giving rise to lime brust of sintering bricks, the production practice can be effectively guided.

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