scholarly journals Does Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Lavage Improve Bone Cleaning in Cemented Arthroplasty?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6103
Author(s):  
Kevin Knappe ◽  
Christian Stadler ◽  
Moritz Innmann ◽  
Mareike Schonhoff ◽  
Tobias Gotterbarm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Human Cancellous Bone ◽  
Cemented Arthroplasty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Saline Lavage

Cemented implant fixation in total joint arthroplasty has been proven to be safe and reliable with good long-term results. However, aseptic loosening is one of the main reasons for revision, potentially caused by poor cementation with low penetration depth in the cancellous bone. Aim of this prospective laboratory study was, to compare impact pressure and cleaning effects of pulsatile saline lavage to novel carbon dioxide lavage in a standardized carbon foam setup, to determine whether or not additional use of carbon dioxide lavage has any impact on cleaning volume or cleaning depth in cancellous bone. Carbon specimens simulating human cancellous bone were filled with industrial grease and then underwent a standardized cleaning procedure. Specimens underwent computed tomography pre- and post-cleaning. Regarding the impact pressure, isolated carbon dioxide lavage showed significant lower pressure compared to pulsatile saline lavage. Even though the combination of carbon dioxide lavage and pulsatile saline lavage had a positive cleaning effect compared to the isolated use of pulsatile saline lavage or carbon dioxide lavage, this was not significant in terms of cleaning volume or cleaning depth.

scholarly journals Does Additive Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Lavage Improve Cement Penetration and Bond Strength in Cemented Arthroplasty?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5361
Author(s):  
Kevin Knappe ◽  
Christian Stadler ◽  
Moritz M. Innmann ◽  
Mareike Schonhoff ◽  
Tobias Gotterbarm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Cement Interface ◽  
Cement Penetration ◽  
Cemented Arthroplasty

The modern cementing technique in cemented arthroplasty is a highly standardized and, therefore, safe procedure. Nevertheless, aseptic loosening is still the main reason for revision after cemented total knee or cemented total hip arthroplasty. To investigate whether an additional carbon dioxide lavage after a high-pressure pulsatile saline lavage has a positive effect on the bone–cement interface or cement penetration, we set up a standardized laboratory experiment with 28 human femoral heads. After a standardized cleaning procedure, the test implants were cemented onto the cancellous bone. Subsequently, the maximum failure load of the bone–cement interface was determined using a material testing machine to pull off the implant, and the cement penetration was determined using computed tomography. Neither the maximum failure load nor cement penetration into the cancellous bone revealed significant differences between the groups. In conclusion, according to our experiments, the additive use of the carbon dioxide lavage after the high-pressure pulsatile lavage has no additional benefit for the cleaning of the cancellous bone and, therefore, cannot be recommended without restrictions.

scholarly journals Positive Phase Pressure Function and Pressure Attenuation Characteristic of a Liquid Carbon Dioxide Blasting System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4134
Author(s):  
Bo Ke ◽  
Keping Zhou ◽  
Gaofeng Ren ◽  
Ji Shi ◽  
Yanan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Positive Phase ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase Pressure

As environmental requirements become more stringent, the liquid carbon dioxide blasting system is one of the non-explosive blasting technologies that, with low tensile stress energy, will replace the chemical explosive blasting technology, and the impact pressure characteristic of high-pressure fluid is a crucial factor in the process of rock breaking. To further investigate the impact and pressure attenuation characteristics of high-pressure fluid during the phase transition of liquid carbon dioxide blasting system, the pressure curves of high-pressure fluid in liquid carbon dioxide blasting systems at different distances were measured in the laboratory. Based on the mechanism analysis of phase transition kinetics, the initial jet velocity of the four experiments was calculated, and the rationality of results was verified by the Bernoulli equation. The general expression of the positive phase pressure–time function was proposed, and the idealized impact pressure curve can be divided into five stages. The impact pressure field of the liquid carbon dioxide blasting system can be divided into three areas at different distances: the explosive jet impact zone, the jet edge zone and the shock wave action zone, and the pressure–contrast distance fitting equation of the liquid carbon dioxide blasting system were obtained.

scholarly journals Pulsatile Lavage Systems with High Impact Pressure and High Flow Produce Cleaner Cancellous Bone Prior to Cementation in Cemented Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Kevin Knappe ◽  
Rudi G. Bitsch ◽  
Mareike Schonhoff ◽  
Tilman Walker ◽  
Tobias Renkawitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
High Impact ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Human Cancellous Bone ◽  
Pulsatile Lavage

In cemented joint arthroplasty, state-of-the-art cementing techniques include high-pressure pulsatile saline lavage prior to cementation. Even with its outstanding importance in cementation, there are surprisingly few studies regarding the physical parameters that define pulsatile lavage systems. To investigate the parameters of impact pressure, flow rate, frequency and the cleaning effect in cancellous bone, we established a standardized laboratory model. Standardized fat-filled carbon foam specimens representing human cancellous bone were cleaned with three different high-pressure pulsatile lavage systems. Via CT scans before and after cleaning, the cleaning effect was evaluated. All systems showed a cleaning depth of at least 3.0 mm and therefore can be generally recommended to clean cancellous bone in cemented joint arthroplasty. When comparing the three lavage systems, the study showed significant differences regarding cleaning depths and volume, with one system being superior to its peer systems. Regarding the physical parameters, high impact pressure in combination with high flow rate and longer distance to the flushed object seems to be the best combination to improve the cleaning of cancellous bone and therefore increase the chances of a deeper cement penetration that is required in cemented joint arthroplasty. In summary, this study provides the first standardized comparison of different lavage systems and thus gives initial guidance on how to optimally prepare cancellous bone for cemented joint arthroplasty.

Climate-forced changes of bio-productivity of Belorussian terrestrial ecosystems

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
S. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

The spatial and temporal particularities of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes over territory of Belarus in the current century and their relationship with climate change were investigated. The rise of NDVI is observed at approximately 84% of the Belarus area. The statistically significant growth of NDVI has exhibited at nearly 35% of the studied area (t-test at 95% confidence interval), which are mainly forests and undeveloped areas. Croplands vegetation index is largely descending. The main factor of croplands bio-productivity interannual variability is precipitation amount in vegetation period. This factor determines more than 60% of the croplands NDVI dispersion. The long-term changes of NDVI could be explained by combination of two factors: photosynthesis intensifying action of carbon dioxide and vegetation growth suppressing action of air warming with almost unchanged precipitation amount. If the observed climatic trend continues the croplands bio-productivity in many Belarus regions could be decreased at more than 20% in comparison with 2000 year. The impact of climate change on the bio-productivity of undeveloped lands is only slightly noticed on the background of its growth in conditions of rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Long-Term Results of Cemented Arthroplasty

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
H.W. Buchholz ◽  
K. Heinert
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Cemented Arthroplasty

scholarly journals An Examination of Green Credit Promoting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction: A Provincial Panel Analysis of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7148
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Mingyong Hong ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Fuhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of green finance is a powerful measure to promote global carbon emissions reduction that has been highly valued by academic circles in recent years. However, the role of green credit in carbon emissions reduction in China is still lacking testing. Using a set of panel data including 30 provinces and cities, this study focused on the impact of green credit on carbon dioxide emissions in China from 2006 to 2016. The empirical results indicated that green credit has a significantly negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions intensity. Furthermore, after the mechanism examination, we found that the promotion impacts of green credit on industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are two effective channels to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Heterogeneity analysis found that there are regional differences in the effect of green credit. In the western and northeastern regions, the effect of green credit is invalid. Quantile regression results implied that the greater the carbon emissions intensity, the better the effect of green credit. Finally, a further discussion revealed there exists a nonlinear correlation between green credit and carbon dioxide emissions intensity. These findings suggest that the core measures to promote carbon emission reduction in China are to continue to expand the scale of green credit, increase the technology R&D investment of enterprises, and to vigorously develop the tertiary industry.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Research in Seabass and Seabream Welfare during Slaughter

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Ignacio de la Rosa ◽  
Pedro L. Castro ◽  
Rafael Ginés
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Impact

The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most common commercial stunning method in seabream and seabass is based on hypothermia, but other methods such as electrical stunning, carbon dioxide narcosis or anaesthetic with clove oil, are discussed in relation to the time to reach the unconsciousness stage and some welfare indicators. Although seawater plus ice slurry is currently accepted in some guidelines of fish welfare well practices at slaughter, it cannot be considered completely adequate due to the deferred speed at which cause loss of consciousness. New methods of incorporating some kind of anaesthetic in the stunning tank could be a solution to minimize the impact on the welfare of seabass and seabream at slaughtering.

scholarly journals Estimating Causal Effects When the Treatment Affects All Subjects Simultaneously: An Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Chiara Binelli
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Average Global Temperature ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Robust Evidence

Several important questions cannot be answered with the standard toolkit of causal inference since all subjects are treated for a given period and thus there is no control group. One example of this type of questions is the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global warming. In this paper, we address this question using a machine learning method, which allows estimating causal impacts in settings when a randomized experiment is not feasible. We discuss the conditions under which this method can identify a causal impact, and we find that carbon dioxide emissions are responsible for an increase in average global temperature of about 0.3 degrees Celsius between 1961 and 2011. We offer two main contributions. First, we provide one additional application of Machine Learning to answer causal questions of policy relevance. Second, by applying a methodology that relies on few directly testable assumptions and is easy to replicate, we provide robust evidence of the man-made nature of global warming, which could reduce incentives to turn to biased sources of information that fuels climate change skepticism.

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