scholarly journals Xylose Metabolism in Bacteria—Opportunities and Challenges towards Efficient Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Biorefineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8112
Author(s):  
Rafael Domingues ◽  
Maryna Bondar ◽  
Inês Palolo ◽  
Odília Queirós ◽  
Catarina Dias de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Xylose Isomerase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Xylose Metabolism ◽  
Xylose Transport ◽  
Xylonic Acid ◽  
Main Components

In a sustainable society based on circular economy, the use of waste lignocellulosic biomass (LB) as feedstock for biorefineries is a promising solution, since LB is the world’s most abundant renewable and non-edible raw material. LB is available as a by-product from agricultural and forestry processes, and its main components are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Following suitable physical, enzymatic, and chemical steps, the different fractions can be processed and/or converted to value-added products such as fuels and biochemicals used in several branches of industry through the implementation of the biorefinery concept. Upon hydrolysis, the carbohydrate-rich fraction may comprise several simple sugars (e.g., glucose, xylose, arabinose, and mannose) that can then be fed to fermentation units. Unlike pentoses, glucose and other hexoses are readily processed by microorganisms. Some wild-type and genetically modified bacteria can metabolize xylose through three different main pathways of metabolism: xylose isomerase pathway, oxidoreductase pathway, and non-phosphorylative pathway (including Weimberg and Dahms pathways). Two of the commercially interesting intermediates of these pathways are xylitol and xylonic acid, which can accumulate in the medium either through manipulation of the culture conditions or through genetic modification of the bacteria. This paper provides a state-of-the art perspective regarding the current knowledge on xylose transport and metabolism in bacteria as well as envisaged strategies to further increase xylose conversion into valuable products.

scholarly journals Colombian fusel oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Montoya ◽  
Jairo Durán ◽  
Fernando Córdoba ◽  
Iván Darío Gil ◽  
Carlos Alexander Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusel Oil ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Main Components

By-products valorization in bio-fuels industry is an important issue for making the global process more efficient, more profitable and closer to the concept of biorefinery. Fusel oil is a by-product of bioethanol production that can be considered as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for manufacturing value-added products. In this work, results in terms of composition and physicochemical properties of six samples of fusel oil from industrial alcohol facilities are presented. Composition of the main components was established by gas chromatography. Complementary techniques, such as headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for detection of minor components. Fifty-five compounds were identified. Physicochemical properties such as density, acid value, moisture content and true boiling point curves were determined. Results are useful in the conceptual design of separation strategies for recovering higher alcohols, as well as to consider new options of valorization alternatives for fusel oil.

scholarly journals The application of lignin as renewable raw material in chemical industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marta Goliszek ◽  
Beata Podkościelna
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Paper And Pulp Industry ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

<p>The overutilization of fossil fuels will inevitably cause the global environmental problems and dwindling of available resources. For that reason, identifying renewable sustainable alternatives has attracted an increasing attention. Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered to be one of the most logical feedstock to replace traditional fossil resources as one of the most accessible renewable forms of carbon. One of the primary components of lignocellulosic biomass, next to hemicellulose and cellulose is lignin. It is a by-product in paper and pulp industry. Lignin is mainly used as fuel directly, without further utilization which is suggested to be a waste of natural resources. With this purpose, the valorization of lignin into value-added products needs particular attention of researchers. This review article focuses on chosen possible applications of lignin in chemical industry.</p>

scholarly journals Special Issue “Lignocellulosic Biomass”

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodríguez ◽  
Eduardo Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Value Added Products

The use of lignocellulosic biomass as potential raw material for fractionation and transformation into high value-added products or energy is gathering the attention of scientists worldwide in seeking to achieve a green transition in our production systems [...]

scholarly journals Enzymology of Alternative Carbohydrate Catabolic Pathways

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Dominik Kopp ◽  
Peter L. Bergquist ◽  
Anwar Sunna
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Xylose Isomerase ◽  
Catabolic Pathways ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Xylonic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Pathway ◽  
Substrate Promiscuity ◽  
The Many

The Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) and Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathways are considered the most abundant catabolic pathways found in microorganisms, and ED enzymes have been shown to also be widespread in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. In a large number of organisms, especially common strains used in molecular biology, these pathways account for the catabolism of glucose. The existence of pathways for other carbohydrates that are relevant to biomass utilization has been recognized as new strains have been characterized among thermophilic bacteria and Archaea that are able to transform simple polysaccharides from biomass to more complex and potentially valuable precursors for industrial microbiology. Many of the variants of the ED pathway have the key dehydratase enzyme involved in the oxidation of sugar derived from different families such as the enolase, IlvD/EDD and xylose-isomerase-like superfamilies. There are the variations in structure of proteins that have the same specificity and generally greater-than-expected substrate promiscuity. Typical biomass lignocellulose has an abundance of xylan, and four different pathways have been described, which include the Weimberg and Dahms pathways initially oxidizing xylose to xylono-gamma-lactone/xylonic acid, as well as the major xylose isomerase pathway. The recent realization that xylan constitutes a large proportion of biomass has generated interest in exploiting the compound for value-added precursors, but few chassis microorganisms can grow on xylose. Arabinose is part of lignocellulose biomass and can be metabolized with similar pathways to xylose, as well as an oxidative pathway. Like enzymes in many non-phosphorylative carbohydrate pathways, enzymes involved in L-arabinose pathways from bacteria and Archaea show metabolic and substrate promiscuity. A similar multiplicity of pathways was observed for other biomass-derived sugars such as L-rhamnose and L-fucose, but D-mannose appears to be distinct in that a non-phosphorylative version of the ED pathway has not been reported. Many bacteria and Archaea are able to grow on mannose but, as with other minor sugars, much of the information has been derived from whole cell studies with additional enzyme proteins being incorporated, and so far, only one synthetic pathway has been described. There appears to be a need for further discovery studies to clarify the general ability of many microorganisms to grow on the rarer sugars, as well as evaluation of the many gene copies displayed by marine bacteria.

Overview of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems with special reference to valorization of lignocellulosic biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Qaiser ◽  
Afshan Kaleem ◽  
Roheena Abdullah ◽  
Mehwish Iqtedar ◽  
Daniel C. Hoessli
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Renewable Feedstock ◽  
Biochemical Features ◽  
Microbial Sources ◽  
Value Added Products

: Lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most valuable natural resources, is abundantly present on earth. Being a renewable feedstock, it harbors a great potential to be exploited as a raw material, to produce various value-added products. Lignocellulolytic microorganisms hold a unique position regarding the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as they contain efficient enzyme systems capable of degrading this biomass. The ubiquitous nature of these microorganisms and their survival under extreme conditions have enabled their use as an effective producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes with improved biochemical features crucial to industrial bioconversion processes. These enzymes can prove to be an exquisite tool when it comes to the eco-friendly manufacturing of value-added products using waste material. This review focuses on highlighting the significance of lignocellulosic biomass, microbial sources of lignocellulolytic enzymes and their use in the formation of useful products.

scholarly journals Selectivity Control of C-O Bond Cleavage for Catalytic Biomass Valorization

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Jian ◽  
Ye Meng ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Selectivity Control ◽  
Main Components

Increasing fossil fuels consumption and global warming have driven the global revolution towards renewable energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is the main source of renewable carbon-based fuels. The abundant intermolecular linkages and high oxygen content between cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin limit the use of traditional fuels. Therefore, it is a promising strategy to break the above linkages and remove oxygen by selective catalytic cracking of C–O bond to further transform the main components of biomass into small molecular products. This mini-review discusses the significance of selectivity control in C–O bond cleavage with well-tailored catalytic systems or strategies for furnishing biofuels and value-added chemicals of high efficiency from lignocellulosic biomass. The current challenges and future opportunities of converting lignocellulose biomass into high-value chemicals are also summarized and analyzed.

scholarly journals Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Guo-Sheng Li ◽  
Yong-Chao Lu ◽  
Xing Fan ◽  
Xian-Yong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Heteroatomic Organic Compounds

Elucidation of chemical composition of biooil is essentially important to evaluate the process of lignocellulosic biomass (LCBM) conversion and its upgrading and suggest proper value-added utilization like producing fuel and feedstock for fine chemicals. Although the main components of LCBM are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, the chemicals derived from LCBM differ significantly due to the various feedstock and methods used for the decomposition. Biooil, produced from pyrolysis of LCBM, contains hundreds of organic chemicals with various classes. This review covers the methodologies used for the componential analysis of biooil, including pretreatments and instrumental analysis techniques. The use of chromatographic and spectrometric methods was highlighted, covering the conventional techniques such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The combination of preseparation methods and instrumental technologies is a robust pathway for the detailed componential characterization of biooil. The organic species in biooils can be classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene-ring containing hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, and other heteroatomic organic compounds. The recent development of high resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques has considerably elucidated the composition of biooils.

Pengurangan Kadar Minyak Pada Abon Ikan Produksi Savitri Dan Tiaras Dengan Penerapan Alat Peniris Serbaguna Di Kota Kupang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Muntasir Muntasir ◽  
Pius Weraman
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Community Partnership Program in small home industry of making fish floss brand "Savitri" and "Tiaras" inKupang city in the form of application of electric centrifugation filter model has been implemented. One of the problemsin the production of Savitri and Tiaras fish floss is that there is still a lot of oil in the frying product which is only drainedon a simple sieve and then placed for some time on traditional tools of filter and paper that can cause low quality and lowquality, so it is necessary to reduce the oil yield frying fish floss product. In order to increase the added value and sellingvalue of the products, it is necessary synergy between Universities and Partners in the form of application of the results ofscience and technology to the public. The main components of the composer of the versatile filter are the cylindrical plateas the bucket of the filter, the cylinder filter, the electric dynamo as the centrifuge system rotator and the load-bearingconstruction. The method of this program is the provision of materials, design and manufacture of tools, demonstrationtools and the provision of a versatile filter cylinder system centrifuge model by the team, simulation tools, specialcounseling at the location of partners and suggestions as a follow-up in the endurance of production. The output of thisprogram can provide added value in the form of the use of this tool can improve labor efficiency, increase productivitypartners by producing 40 kg to 50 kg raw material, raw fish marlin, fish meat after cleaning, processed, fried, in andpacked into 80-100 packs of fish floss with the price of Rp. 40,000.00 per package weighing 250 grams. With estimatedpartners will earn a profit of Rp 3,200,000 - 4,000,000.00 per production or 12,800,000.00 - 16,000,000.00 per month incash and consumptions, as well as the abundance of non-greasy, clean and hybrid fish products

Lignin to Value-Added Chemical Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Sharifi ◽  
Ramyakrishna Pothu ◽  
Rajender Boddula ◽  
Inamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Lignin Model Compounds ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Lignin Model

Background: There is a developing demand for innovation in petroleum systems replacements. Towards this aim, lignocellulosic biomass suggested as a possible sustainable source for the manufacturing of fuels and produced chemicals. The aims of this paper are to investigate different kinds of β-O-4 lignin model compounds for the production of value-added chemicals in presence of ionic liquids. Especially, a cheap β-O-4 lignin model Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) is introduced to produce valuable chemicals and novel products. Methods: Research related to chemical depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass activity is reviewed, the notes from different methods such as thermal and microwave collected during at least 10 years. So, this collection provides a good source for academic research and it gives an efficient strategy for the manufacturing of novel value-added chemicals at an industrial scale. Results: This research presented that ionic liquid microwave-assisted is a power saving, cost efficient, fast reaction, and clean way with high selectively and purity for production of high value chemicals rather that conversional heating. Guaiacol and catechol are some of these valuable chemicals that is produced from β-O-4 lignin model compounds with high word demands that are capable to produce in industry scale. Conclusion: The β-O-4 lignin model compounds such as Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) are good platform for developing food materials, perfumery, biorefinery, and pharmaceutical industry by ionic liquids-assisted lignin depolymerization method.

scholarly journals β-Galactosidases from a Sequence-Based Metagenome: Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
María Florencia Eberhardt ◽  
José Matías Irazoqui ◽  
Ariel Fernando Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Cazy Database ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Value Added Products

Stabilization ponds are a common treatment technology for wastewater generated by dairy industries. Large proportions of cheese whey are thrown into these ponds, creating an environmental problem because of the large volume produced and the high biological and chemical oxygen demands. Due to its composition, mainly lactose and proteins, it can be considered as a raw material for value-added products, through physicochemical or enzymatic treatments. β-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23) are lactose modifying enzymes that can transform lactose in free monomers, glucose and galactose, or galactooligosacharides. Here, the identification of novel genes encoding β-galactosidases, identified via whole-genome shotgun sequencing of the metagenome of dairy industries stabilization ponds is reported. The genes were selected based on the conservation of catalytic domains, comparing against the CAZy database, and focusing on families with β-galactosidases activity (GH1, GH2 and GH42). A total of 394 candidate genes were found, all belonging to bacterial species. From these candidates, 12 were selected to be cloned and expressed. A total of six enzymes were expressed, and five cleaved efficiently ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside and lactose. The activity levels of one of these novel β-galactosidase was higher than other enzymes reported from functional metagenomics screening and higher than the only enzyme reported from sequence-based metagenomics. A group of novel mesophilic β-galactosidases from diary stabilization ponds’ metagenomes was successfully identified, cloned and expressed. These novel enzymes provide alternatives for the production of value-added products from dairy industries’ by-products.

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