A Novel Approach to Determine Static Falling down Sidelong Angle of Tractor Using a 3D Printed Miniature Model

In this study, we have conducted a quasi-static lateral overturning test and derived a static falling down sidelong angle by using a miniature tractor model. We analyzed the lateral overturning condition of tractors theoretically by literature review and derived a method to manufacture a miniature model based on the analysis result. A miniature model was manufactured using a 3D printer at a scale of 1/20, relative to the actual dimension of a tractor. In addition, a test platform was constructed to perform lateral overturning tests. The miniature model was placed on the test platform, and the inclination angle of the ground was gradually increased. Then the static falling down sidelong angle, that is the inclination angle at the moment of lateral overturning occurred, was measured. The test result indicated that the difference of average static falling down sidelong angle was 1.0%. comparing to the accredited certification test result of the original tractor. Therefore, by utilizing the method applied in this study, the static falling down sidelong angle of tractors could be derived quickly and conveniently from a miniature model. As future research, the in-depth verification for the developed method is required by applying to a variety of agricultural machines.

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Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2019_lshss-19-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 693-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Holyfield ◽

Sydney Brooks ◽

Allison Schluterman

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Multiple Disabilities ◽

Visual Scene ◽

Future Research ◽

High Tech ◽

Single Subject ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

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A NOVEL APPROACH TO TURBULENT MULTIPHASE FLOW IMAGING: FLOW IN 3D PRINTED KARSTIC CONDUITS

10.1130/abs/2016am-285178 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel N. Jacobson ◽

◽

Ellen K. Herman ◽

Dorothy J. Vesper ◽

Johnathan E. Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiphase Flow ◽

Flow Imaging ◽

Novel Approach ◽

3D Printed

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A Novel Approach for a Faster Prototyping of Winter Sport Equipment Using Digital Image Correlation and 3D Printing

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020049125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Martino Colonna ◽

Benno Zingerle ◽

Maria Federica Parisi ◽

Claudio Gioia ◽

Alessandro Speranzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Digital Image Correlation ◽

Digital Image ◽

Sport Activity ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Topological Optimization ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Sport Equipment ◽

Novel Approach ◽

3D Printed

The optimization of sport equipment parts requires considerable time and high costs due to the high complexity of the development process. For this reason, we have developed a novel approach to decrease the cost and time for the optimization of the design, which consists of producing a first prototype by 3D printing, applying the forces that normally acts during the sport activity using a test bench, and then measuring the local deformations using 3D digital image correlation (DIC). The design parameters are then modified by topological optimization and then DIC is performed again on the new 3D-printed modified part. The DIC analysis of 3D-printed parts has shown a good agreement with that of the injection-molded ones. The deformation measured with DIC are also well correlated with those provided by finite element method (FEM) analysis, and therefore DIC analysis proves to be a powerful tool to validate FEM models.

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The influence of supraliminal priming on energy density of food selection: a randomised control trial

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00554-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isabelle Schlegel ◽

Sharon A. Carstairs ◽

Gozde Ozakinci

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Lower Energy ◽

Food Selection ◽

Food Choices ◽

Randomised Control Trial ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

The Moment ◽

Overweight Adults ◽

University Athletes

Abstract Background Many people exercise because they know it is good for their health. Although this is true, it can make us feel deserving of a reward and lead us to eat more indulgent, less healthy food than if we had not done any exercise. Generally, lower energy-dense (LED) foods are recognised as healthier choices than higher energy-dense (HED) options. Despite our intention to make healthy choices, seeing tempting higher-calorie foods on offer often side-tracks us. Priming is a psychological tool that makes specific changes to our environment that remind us of our motivation to be healthy. This makes it easier to choose a healthier option, by nudging us towards it without us even realising. However, it is currently unclear which method of priming achieves the best results. Aims Our study explores whether priming people to expect they will receive LED food leads them to make this healthier choice after exercise, even when also offered tempting less healthy HED foods at the moment of selection. Methods Our study observed the foods selected by university athletes after their sports matches. Before the match, half of the participants were primed by asking them to choose a LED snack from the options we offered, which they would receive after the match. The remaining half of participants were not asked this same question. To distract the athletes from our observation of their food choices, participants completed a task prior to choosing their snack, which was disguised as a ‘thank you’ for taking part. Results Overall, we found the priming group did not choose LED foods significantly more than the control group, hence priming did not increase LED food selection. Conclusion Importantly, our results indicate that priming must be more noticeable to achieve its goal. Additionally, we demonstrated that priming may be less successful for young athletic individuals, compared to older and more overweight adults recruited in other studies. This highlights the importance of studying a broader demographic range of individuals from the general population. We support future research into this area, which will help us to tweak priming to achieve the best outcomes. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN74601698. Date registered: 02/10/2020 (retrospectively registered).

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Interpreting Locked Photographic Data: The Case of Apollo 17 Photo GPN-2000-00113

Designs ◽

10.3390/designs5010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Pyrrhon Amathes ◽

Paul Christodoulides

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Computer Simulations ◽

The Moon ◽

Geometrical Analysis ◽

Apparent Position ◽

Apollo Program ◽

The Earth ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The World ◽

The Moment

Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo program (1969 to 1972), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully landed humans on the Moon and showed hundreds of photos to the world presenting the travel and landings. This paper uses computer simulations and geometry to examine the authenticity of one such photo, namely Apollo 17 photo GPN-2000-00113. In addition, a novel approach is employed by creating an experimental scene to illustrate details and provide measurements. The crucial factors on which the geometrical analysis relies are locked in the photograph and are: (a) the apparent position of the Earth relative to the illustrated flag and (b) the point to which the shadow of the astronaut taking the photo reaches, in relation to the flagpole. The analysis and experimental data show geometrical and time mismatches, proving that the photo is a composite.

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Using a Process Approach to Pandemic Planning: A Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4121

Author(s):

Hana Tomaskova ◽

Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee

Keyword(s):

Process Model ◽

Process Mining ◽

Process Approach ◽

Research Topic ◽

Future Research ◽

Critical Situation ◽

Pandemic Planning ◽

The Difference ◽

Smart Technologies

The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the difference between a pandemic plan’s textual prescription and its effective processing using graphical notation. Before creating a case study of the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) of the Czech Republic’s pandemic plan, we conducted a systematic review of the process approach in pandemic planning and a document analysis of relevant public documents. The authors emphasized the opacity of hundreds of pages of text records in an explanatory case study and demonstrated the effectiveness of the process approach in reengineering and improving the response to such a critical situation. A potential extension to the automation and involvement of SMART technologies or process optimization through process mining techniques is presented as a future research topic.

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Elastic Simulation of Joints with Particle-Based Fluid

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6900

Author(s):

Su-Kyung Sung ◽

Sang-Won Han ◽

Byeong-Seok Shin

Keyword(s):

Principal Stress ◽

Human Body ◽

Yield Condition ◽

Maximum Principal Stress ◽

Human Motion ◽

The Difference ◽

The Moment ◽

External Forces ◽

Physical Changes ◽

Elastic Simulation

Skinning, which is used in skeletal simulations to express the human body, has been weighted between bones to enable muscle-like motions. Weighting is not a form of calculating the pressure and density of muscle fibers in the human body. Therefore, it is not possible to express physical changes when external forces are applied. To express a similar behavior, an animator arbitrarily customizes the weight values. In this study, we apply the kernel and pressure-dependent density variations used in particle-based fluid simulations to skinning simulations. As a result, surface tension and elasticity between particles are applied to muscles, indicating realistic human motion. We also propose a tension yield condition that reflects Tresca’s yield condition, which can be easily approximated using the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the principal stress to simulate the tension limit of the muscle fiber. The density received by particles in the kernel is assumed to be the principal stress. The difference is calculated by approximating the moment of greatest force to the maximum principal stress and the moment of least force to the minimum principal stress. When the density of a particle increases beyond the yield condition, the object is no longer subjected to force. As a result, one can express realistic muscles.

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Analysis of High-Friction Surface Texture with Respect to Friction and Wear

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11070758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 758

Author(s):

Cibi Pranav ◽

Minh-Tan Do ◽

Yi-Chang Tsai

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Surface Texture ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Future Research ◽

Scanning System ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Texture Parameters ◽

Aggregate Loss ◽

Friction Surfaces ◽

The Impact

High Friction Surfaces (HFS) are applied to increase friction capacity on critical roadway sections, such as horizontal curves. HFS friction deterioration on these sections is a safety concern. This study deals with characterization of the aggregate loss, one of the main failure mechanisms of HFS, using texture parameters to study its relationship with friction. Tests are conducted on selected HFS spots with different aggregate loss severity levels at the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Test Track. Friction tests are performed using a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT). The surface texture is measured by means of a high-resolution 3D pavement scanning system (0.025 mm vertical resolution). Texture data are processed and analyzed by means of the MountainsMap software. The correlations between the DFT friction coefficient and the texture parameters confirm the impact of change in aggregates’ characteristics (including height, shape, and material volume) on friction. A novel approach to detect the HFS friction coefficient transition based on aggregate loss, inspired by previous works on the tribology of coatings, is proposed. Using the proposed approach, preliminary outcomes show it is possible to observe the rapid friction coefficient transition, similar to observations at NCAT. Perspectives for future research are presented and discussed.

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Experimental Study of the Space–Time Effect of a Double-Pipe Frozen Curtain Formation with Different Groundwater Velocities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3830

Author(s):

Shicheng Sun ◽

Chuanxin Rong ◽

Hua Cheng ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Xiaogang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Freezing Temperature ◽

Physical Model Test ◽

Sand Layer ◽

Test Results ◽

Groundwater Velocity ◽

Test Platform ◽

The Difference ◽

Freezing Test ◽

Double Pipe ◽

Thermal Physical Properties

Groundwater velocity has significant effects on the formation of a frozen curtain during freezing. In order to study the influence of the velocity on a frozen curtain, a large physical model test platform was established for double-pipe freezing. Based on this platform, freezing tests for different velocities were carried out. Quartz sand was selected as a similar material. The freezing temperature of the saturated sand layer was found by analyzing the results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the study of the thermal physical properties of the sand layer, the freezing test results were analyzed, and the results showed that the flow led to the differential development of the temperature between the upstream and downstream sections of the freezing pipes. Moreover, the larger the velocity, the greater the difference. The flow prolonged the overlapping time of the frozen curtains. Additionally, the flow slowed down the development of the frozen curtain area and the frozen curtain thickness. The larger the flow velocity, the greater the inhibition of the flow on the development of the frozen curtain. The test results can provide more references for the design and construction of freezing engineering with flowing groundwater.

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In the Moment: Fostering Mindfulness and Reducing Stressors in the Healthcare Workplace

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586720988243 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193758672098824

Author(s):

Shabboo Valipoor ◽

Sheila J. Bosch

Keyword(s):

Design Research ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Well Being ◽

Job Dissatisfaction ◽

Future Research ◽

Design Strategies ◽

Environmental Interventions ◽

Work Related ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

The Moment

While healthcare design research has primarily focused on patient outcomes, there is a growing recognition that environmental interventions could do more by promoting the overall quality of care, and this requires expanding the focus to the health and well-being of those who deliver care to patients. Healthcare professionals are under high levels of stress, leading to burnout, job dissatisfaction, and poor patient care. Among other tools, mindfulness is recommended as a way of decreasing stress and helping workers function at higher levels. This article aims to identify potential environmental strategies for reducing work-related stressors and facilitating mindfulness in healthcare settings. By examining existing evidence on workplace mindfulness and stress-reducing design strategies, we highlight the power of the physical environment in not only alleviating stressful conditions but intentionally encouraging a mindful perspective. Strategies like minimizing distractions or avoiding overstimulation in the healthcare environment can be more effective if implemented along with the provision of designated spaces for mindfulness-based programs. Future research may explore optimal methods and hospital workers’ preferences for environments that support mindfulness and stress management. The long-term goal of all these efforts is to enhance healthcare professionals’ well-being, reignite their professional enthusiasm, and help them be resilient in times of stress.

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