Políticas Públicas e Espaços de Esporte e Lazer nos Estudos Acadêmicos

Mesmo que haja algumas pesquisas e estudos, nos âmbitos acadêmico e científico, referentes à gestão, uso e apropriação de espaços públicos nos contextos do esporte e do lazer, notam-se, ainda, lacunas pouco exploradas, como a gestão da informação e a difusão adequada do conhecimento sobre a temática, envolvendo as Políticas Públicas. Desta forma, este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve como objetivo, realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre a produção científica recente, apresentando o estado da arte sobre Políticas Públicas e a gestão de espaços públicos nos contextos do esporte e do lazer. Para tanto, a busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Pro Quest e SciELO, utilizando os termos booleanos a seguir: “sport and leisure management” OR “sport space” OR “leisure space” OR “sport equipment” OR “leisure equipment” OR “public Sport policy” OR “public leisure policy”. Os artigos analisados abrangeram diferentes áreas do conhecimento, tal como, as Ciências do Esporte, Geografia, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Sociologia. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Com base nos resultados, pode-se perceber que o tema referente às Políticas Públicas nos contextos do esporte e do lazer tem sido focalizado atualmente, nos estudos, entretanto, os espaços públicos neste contexto ainda são tratados de forma secundária. Este campo de estudo carece de novas pesquisas, com a intenção de aprofundar as investigações sobre a temática.

Toward More-Than-Human Understandings of Sport and the Environment: A New Materialist Analysis of Everyday Fitness Practices

Sport and fitness have long been linked with healthy lifestyles, yet most sporting events and consumption practices are highly detrimental to the environment. While academics have examined the harmful effects of sporting mega-events and the production and consumption of sport equipment and clothing, there has been less engagement with the “mundane,” everyday activities of consuming, laundering, and recycling of fitness objects. In this paper, we explore the potential in feminist new materialisms for rethinking the complex relationships between sport, fitness, and the environment. In particular, we explain how our engagement with Karen Barad's theory of agential realism led us to rethink women's habitual fitness practices as connected to environmental degradation. Working with Barad's concept of entanglement, we came to notice new human-clothing-environment relationships, focusing on how athleisure clothing itself is an active, vital force that intra-acts with other non-human (and human) matter within the environment. Adopting a diffractive methodology that included reading interviews with women about their activewear practices, our own experiences, new materialist theory, and environmental literature through each other, we focus on two examples that emerged through this process: laundering and disposal practices. Through these examples, we demonstrate the ways in which new materialisms encouraged us to move toward non-anthropocentric understandings of the sport-environment relationship and toward new ethical practices in our everyday fitness lifestyles.

Influence of sociocultural factors on the development of sports

Sport is a complex and contradictory phenomenon of our time. The relevance of this study is due to the need to answer a number of questions related to determining its place among the values of modern society and person, identifying the possibility of realizing the humanistic potential of modern sport, as well as the most significant problems of its development in the context of globalization. These questions are related to the study of the influence of sociocultural factors on the development of sport. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of national traditions, the social structure of society, as well as globalization processes on the development of sport. It is shown that sport is a reflection of the national systems within which it developed. It is noted that the essence and significance of sport changes under the influence of sociocultural factors. Sport not only reflects a certain value system of society, but also popularizes and strengthens it. It is able to form its own subculture, values that differ from the generally accepted ones, from the values of other components of the sociocultural system. It is shown that modern trends in the sport development such as individualization, massification, desacralization, rationalization, and universalization are consistent with the main provisions of the concept of global development of A. de Benoist. It is emphasized that in the context of globalization, the values of traditional sport are being transformed, which leads to the dehumanization of the sport movement, the dominance of a technocratic style of thinking, to the politicization, commercialization of modern sport, the use of doping to improve sports results, etc. The globalization of sport has become a kind of cultural intervention that encroaches on national traditions and foundations. The positive and negative impact of mass media on the sport development is noted. On the one hand, they promote popularization of sport, and on the other, turn it into a consumer product. The subject of sale and consumption now is not only a sport spectacle, sport equipment, but also the athletes themselves, their image, lifestyle, and moral principles. It is hoped that the formula “unity in diversity” will become a natural axiom not only for the development of sport, but also for the whole of humanity

Management Industry of Shuttlecock Sport Equipment in Tegal District

The purpose of this research is to know how the management function that applied by each shuttlecock craftsman in Lawatan Village. This research uses qualitative methode. The data source for this research are primary and secondary. The primary data is taken by observation and interview, meanwhile the secondry data is taken by documentation. There are four interviewees. The research is condusted in two different shuttlecock companies, they are UD. Tri Sakti and Gramedia. The purpose of the research is to know the management of shuttlecock industry in Lawatan Village. The verification of data validity in this research used credibility test, transferability test, dependability test, and confirmability test. The result of this research found that the management in 2 shuttlecock companies have been applied well. The planning is well planned by each manager of shuttlecock companies. The orginizing from each companies have been stated by the manager with some criterias. The briefing is well performed by each manager, so that the employee is be able to work according to the direction. Then controlling from each company need to be improved to minimilize error in working. The conclution is management of Sport Equipment Industry Shuttlecock in Lawatan Village implements well four management functions, planning, orginizing, briefing, and controlling.

På skidor i kulturella gränsland: Samiska spår i skidsportens historia

The aim of this compilation thesis is to shed light on the Sámi history of ski sport in Sweden from an organizational and cultural history perspective where concepts like nation and ethnicity fill an important function. The Sámi are an indigenous people living in Sápmi, a land area extending across the North Calotte region and including parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. The thesis contains six separate articles which together comprise a research period extending between 1879 and 1990. The articles have been studied from different points of view with the focus on how skis as sport equipment have been historically charged with cultural expressions created by the individual skiers as well as by the general public’s interest in skiing. These cultural expressions have also been internalized as collective identification objects positioning the mutual relations between groups and collectives. By historical links to kings, heroic myths and polar expeditions, the sport of skiing has, for example, become associated with a national Swedish identity. By pinpointing its Sámi origins in the light of history, the ski sport is in this thesis instead viewed as a culturally heterogeneous phenomenon. In three of the articles of the thesis, the Sámi history of Swedish ski sport is studied. The focus of these studies lies on how ”Sáminess” and ”Swedishness”, viewed as cultural identities, were constructed in connection with the early rise and development of ski sport from the late 19th century to the interwar period (Articles I and II) as well as with the sporting career of downhill skier Bengt-Erik Grahn in the 1960s (Article V). The studies illustrate that, at its rise and early development, cross-country skiing in Sweden was regarded as a Sámi sport. In the early 20th century, however, an ethnic borderline was created between what was Sámi and what was Swedish, which gradually invisibilized the Sámi link to ski sport. Instead, cross-country skiing acquired the inofficial character of being the Swedish national sport. The three remaining studies investigate the separately organized Sámi sport movement from its rise in 1948 through the year 1990 (Articles III, IV and VI). The origin of this movement derives from the Sámi Championships, a winter event whose original contests include skiing and other sports with a background in reindeer husbandry. The articles clarify the importance of ski sport in creating contrastive ethnic identities between Sáminess and Swedishness (Articles I–V). Similarly, these constructed cultural markers of Sáminess and Swedishness have been interwoven to symbolize an overarching ethnic national identity (Articles IV–V). In addition, the way ski sport has been operated within the separately organized Sámi sport movement has carried weight in the creation of Sápmi as a crossborder nation (Article VI).

PROBLEMS OF MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES EXPERIENCED BY CREATIVE ARTS STUDENTS

The purpose of the study is to reveal the reasons for the lack of motivation to attend academic physical education classes as part of the schedule experienced by Creative Arts students. Methods and organization of the research. The study was carried out at Gzhel State University (GSU). The research involved students (N = 49) studying "Folk Art Culture", "Arts and Crafts", and "Design" degree programs. The questionnaire included 30 statements (psychological, social and biomedical groups of reasons), the ranking of responses was based on a 5-point scale of influence degrees: 1 – very low degree; 2 – low degree; 3 – medium degree; 4 – high degree; 5 – very high degree. Results and discussion. The research revealed that the group of social reasons had the highest degree of influence on the lack of motivation for physical and sports activities experienced by Creative Arts students. The study revealed the absence of acceptable social conditions for the maintenance of physical and sports activities, as well as the insufficient competence of PE teachers. The study revealed a lower degree of influence in the group of psychological reasons, where it focuses on the content of mentoring programs that does not meet students’ interests and the monotony of classes. The group of biomedical reasons demonstrated the lowest degree of influence. The only statement was the lack of conditions for hygienic procedures after PE classes. Conclusion. Creative Arts students may not attend PE classes due to inappropriate social conditions for comfortable living and sports activities at GSU. Consequently, organizers and participants of the educational process have to draw attention to the development of sport and academic infrastructure, provision of sport equipment, regular advanced training for educators in accordance with modern requirements of the Federal Education Standard, and the obligatory consideration of students’ personal interests and individual characteristics.

Methodological intervention with soccer coaches to improve athlete-perceived coaching competency, satisfaction with the coach, enjoyment and intention to persist

Objectives The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of a coaching intervention on soccer athletes’ perceptions of the coaches’ competencies, enjoyment, satisfaction, and intention to persist in the sport. Equipment and methods: The sample consisted of 117 young male soccer players and eight of their coaches who were divided into two groups: group receiving the coaching effectiveness intervention (EG) ( n = 4; Mage = 32.50 years, SD = 14.24) with an average of 3.00 years of training experience ( SD = 2.44); and control group (CG) ( n = 4; Mage = 28.50 years, SD = 13.67) with an average of 6.25 years of training experience ( SD = 2.87), and their 117 young male soccer players from 45 teams, aged between 10 and 16 years ( Mage = 13.78, SD = 1.38). Focused on coach-effectiveness, coaches from EG received a 12-hour training program. Self-report questionnaires were administered to the athletes both at the beginning and the end of the intervention. A repeated-measures ANOVA was carried out for each dependent variable. Results The results showed significant changes in coaches’ game strategy competency, technique competency, and character-building competency as perceived by the players from the EG compared with the players from the CG. Also, both the CG and the EG athletes decreased their satisfaction with the coach. Thus, these types of interventions are effective for improving and maintaining over time variables related to athletes’ perception of their coaches’ competency, their own enjoyment, and intention to persist practicing sports.

A Novel Approach for a Faster Prototyping of Winter Sport Equipment Using Digital Image Correlation and 3D Printing

The optimization of sport equipment parts requires considerable time and high costs due to the high complexity of the development process. For this reason, we have developed a novel approach to decrease the cost and time for the optimization of the design, which consists of producing a first prototype by 3D printing, applying the forces that normally acts during the sport activity using a test bench, and then measuring the local deformations using 3D digital image correlation (DIC). The design parameters are then modified by topological optimization and then DIC is performed again on the new 3D-printed modified part. The DIC analysis of 3D-printed parts has shown a good agreement with that of the injection-molded ones. The deformation measured with DIC are also well correlated with those provided by finite element method (FEM) analysis, and therefore DIC analysis proves to be a powerful tool to validate FEM models.

“You’re made of what you do”: impulso del deporte femenino a través de estrategias de femvertising en Nike (“You’re Made of What You Do”: Promotion of Female Sport through ‘Femvertising’ Strategies by Nike)

El acceso de las mujeres al deporte se ha realizado tardíamente y sin eliminar los estereotipos de género que han construido la actividad física como una característica intrínseca de la masculinidad. El abandono temprano por parte de las jóvenes, los mandatos de género que interactúan con la imagen de la feminidad y los obstáculos que deben superar las mujeres en muchas sociedades demuestran la urgente necesidad de trabajar en iniciativas que fomenten el acceso femenino al deporte tanto recreativo como de competición. No solo las políticas públicas deben asumir esta agenda, también las empresas pueden contribuir. Mediante el estudio de caso de la multinacional de equipamiento deportivo Nike, este texto analiza una selección de campañas de publicidad lanzadas bajo el paradigma de la femvertising. El artículo demuestra que más allá de los objetivos comerciales de las firmas, es posible realizar una comunicación comercial que mejore la relación de las mujeres con el deporte y que favorezca su empoderamiento.Abstract. Women’s access to sports has taken place belatedly and without eliminating the gender stereotypes that have built physical activity as an inherently male quality. The early withdrawal form physical activity by young women, the gender mandates interacting with the femininity image, and the obstacles that women must overcome in many societies are proof of the urgent need to work on initiatives to promote female access to recreational and competitive sports. This agenda must not only be incorporated into public policies; private companies can also contribute. Through the study of the multinational sport equipment brand Nike, this paper analyzes a selection of campaigns launched within the ‘femvertising’ paradigm. This demonstrates that, beyond the commercial aims of the firm, it is possible to create a commercial communication strategy that helps improve the relationship between women and sports, promoting female empowerment.

Representation of Athletic Girls on Young Adult Sport Fiction Cover Art

The purpose of this study was to examine how and how often athletic girls were represented on the cover art of young adult (YA) sport fiction. In this research, 154 YA sport fiction books were analyzed using quantitative content analysis. Using existing sport research and theory focused on women’s representation in sport media, the researchers developed a coding scheme to assess cover art for each of the following categories: (a) presence and racial representation of female character/s on cover; (b) portrayal of female body on cover (whole body, partial body/with head, or partial body/without head); (c) portrayal of female character as active or passive; (d) portrayal of female character in or out of athletic uniform; (e) portrayal of female character in or out of the sport setting; (f) presence of sport equipment; and (g) type of cover. Findings revealed that 81% of the book covers had a female character in which 29% of the covers displayed the whole body, 47% displayed partial body/with head, and 23% displayed partial body/with no head of the female character. Only 0.06% of the book covers had a female character of color. Approximately 31% of the female characters were displayed in active positioning, 58% in athletic attire, and 44% in the sport setting. Of the books reviewed, 55% displayed equipment on the cover. The findings indicate that athletic girls have few images on YA sport fiction cover art that accurately represent their athleticism, and there is a clear absence of diverse representation. It is critical that those responsible for the design and layout of book covers clearly represent active females in action, in uniform, and in the sport context.