scholarly journals Research on Tracking the Behavior of the Ciobanus Forest Road over a Season Time through Specific Tests and Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ioan Bitir ◽  
Rudolf Derczeni ◽  
Aurel Lunguleasa ◽  
Cosmin Spirchez ◽  
Valentina Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

Forest roads are of great economic importance as they ensure the transport of logs and forest biomass toward collection and processing centers, which is why they should be evaluated periodically, in order to establish the degree of degradation and periodicity and rehabilitation methodology and procedures. The main purpose of the paper is to follow the behavior of the Ciobanus forest road through specific tests over a difficult season of 5 months, in order to diagnose the degree of surface wear and structure degradation. Regarding the traffic on this forest road, an exhaustive study was made during the 2013–2017 period, and for in situ or in laboratory tests a more complex study during the year 2018, in the March-June period was also made. Out of the total of 20 tests that evaluated the Ciobanus forest road, 5 of them were classified as appropriate and 15 unsuitable for traffic, meaning the forest road had to be completely rehabilitated. Moreover, it has been shown that this forest road is part of the category of secondary forest roads and needs a total overhaul to cope with the increasing traffic or tonnage of trucks. Through the methodology and the obtained results, the paper supports the specialists in the field of forest roads to be able to diagnose or evaluate such a road, and to realize a program and its timing for maintenance.

scholarly journals Effects of forest roads on Ips sexdentatus infestation in black pine forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Gonca Ece Özcan ◽  
Korhan Enez ◽  
Burak Arıcak
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Ips Sexdentatus

Forest roads are important transportation equipment through forested areas in the rugged, mountainous terrain of northern Turkey. Forest roads harm forest ecosystems due to both the manner in which they are established and how they are used afterwards. Damage to trees that occur during road construction through forests stresses trees, which facilitates outbreaks of bark beetle populations. Bark beetles are significant risk to the health and productivity of Turkish pine forests and to pine forests worldwide. In particular, Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is a particularly destructive species of bark beetle in Turkish forests. Their damage to coniferous trees threatens the sustainability of the forest ecosystems. This study primarily aims to assess the intensity of damage that I. sexdentatus inflicts on Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold stands relative to several parameters: the distance to the nearest forest road, aspect (shady - sunny), slope (0–15% or >15%), and other stand characteristics. In this study, we show how damage by an I. sexdentatus infestation in pure black pine stands varies with distance to forest roads and in situ edaphic factors. We sampled 45 plots (400 m2 each), slope, aspect and distances to the nearest forest road was determined using ArcGIS software and the region’s road network overlays. Results showed that trees located within 100 m from the nearest forest road were the most severely damaged ones. The intensity of I. sexdentatus damage was about 16% in a hectare. Trees that were in 16–20 cm diameter class were damaged more often. I. sexdentatus damage did not show any significant correlation with the slope, aspect or degree of canopy closure.

scholarly journals Forest road and public purpose investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
Ewa Katarzyna Czech
Keyword(s):  
Social Interest ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Administrative Courts

Abstract The functioning of forest districts in Poland should be based on their mutual cooperation with local authorities in order to achieve social interest, one of the examples of which is construction or reconstruction of roads. Due to the fact that achieving mutual investments encounter real legal problems arising from underspecified and unclear concepts, an assessment should be made of whether the construction and reconstruction of forest roads is a public purpose and also answer, what is a forest and forest road within the meaning of the provisions of the Act. It is necessary to present views of legal science and jurisdiction of administrative courts. The judicial direction of administrative courts is not beneficial for achieving investments; it does not even take into account that one of the investors’ purposes – forest districts – is nature management. Presenting the contrary argumentation to judicature positions should help courts make a proper assessment in the interpretation of provisions.

IDENTIFICATION OF CURVATURE RADIUS FOR CURVED SECTIONS ON FOREST ROADS IN THE PROCESS OF UTILISATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Ihor RUDKO ◽  
Borys BAKAY ◽  
Abdullah AKAY ◽  
Vasyl BARYLIAK ◽  
Stanislav HORZOV
Keyword(s):  
Technical Information ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Angle Deviation ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Selection Of

This article reviews the problem of measuring the actual radius of curvature for curved sections of existing forest roads, as forestry enterprises require reliable technical information about the current conditions of operated transport networks. It was identified that at this moment, a selection of methods are used for measuring the radii of horizontal curved sections of roads, which have certain advantages and disadvantages in specific natural production conditions. For calculating the radius of curvature for auto forest road projects it is recommended to apply the method of measured angles by chord angle deviation, which is sufficiently accurate for engineering purposes and does not require usage of special high-precision equipment and tools.

scholarly journals The effects of Rubus hyrcanus L. and Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. on soil loss prevention from cutslopes of a forest road

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Parsakhoo ◽  
M. Lotfalian ◽  
A. Kavian ◽  
S.A. Hosseini ◽  
M. Demir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
The City ◽  
Runoff And Sedimentation

The effects of Rubus hyrcanus L. and Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Bridon on runoff generation and soil loss from cutslopes of forest roads were investigated. The study was conducted at the northern forest of Iran, about 30 km south of the city of Sari. Runoff and sedimentation after each rainfall simulation and chemical and physical soil properties were measured in 14 plots with an area of 0.48 m<sup>2</sup>. The obtained results indicate that the vegetation dominated by Philonotis marchica exhibited the higher runoff coefficient and soil loss, with averages of 27.25% and 92.40&nbsp;g&middot;m<sup>&ndash;2</sup>&middot;h<sup>&ndash;1</sup>(gram per square meter per hour), respectively, in comparison to Rubus hyrcanus. For Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. the sediment concentration increased quickly at the beginning of rainfall simulations and after 10&ndash;12 min there was a fast decrease in sediment concentration. The peak of sediment concentration was for the Rubus hyrcanus L. in the 13<sup>th</sup>&ndash;15<sup>th</sup> min In conclusion, Rubus hyrcanus L. prevented or decreased the risk of runoff and soil loss from cutslopes of forest roads in our study area. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Improving drainage conditions of forest roads using the GIS and forest road simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Mehran Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
New Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new method of locating culverts is presented with the composition of achieved discharge from hydrological analysis and simulated forest roads in RoadEng 3D simulator to improve drainage condition. Locating culverts was performed on a small scale (1:20 000, using GIS) and large scale (1:2 000, road geometric design simulator). The small-scale study regarding the achieved discharge from streams shows that the installation of some culverts is not necessary. The large-scale study also showed that the geometric design of forest road has a significant effect on locating culverts and its accuracy. To improve drainage conditions 6 culverts and 2 waterfronts taking into account the geometric design of forest road, hydrological conditions and appropriate intervals (155 m) have been proposed. No installation or lack of accuracy to find the best location of culverts may result in the occurrence of creep and landslide, so the cost of destruction would be several times higher than the cost of technical buildings construction.

scholarly journals Predicting Aggregate Degradation in Forest Roads in Northwest Oregon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Austin De Witt ◽  
Kevin Boston ◽  
Ben Leshchinsky
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Material Property ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Wear Rates

In the Pacific Northwest, forest roads have the potential to cause significant environmental degradation, especially to water resources due to increased sediment production. The goal of this research is to improve the understanding of road degradation during hauling by improving our understanding of the aggregate degradation process. We correlate the wear rates to standard material property tests that may allow for improved prediction of the impacts from forest roads based on the selection of aggregate surfacing. Finally, we determine the changes in stress distribution between the subgrade and aggregate interface. High-, medium-, and low-quality aggregates were used from three quarries in western Oregon for this project. These aggregates are indicative of the range of materials used on forest roads in the region. Two material property tests, namely the Los Angeles (LA) abrasion and micro-Deval tests, were used to determine their ability to predict aggregate performance during hauling by relating values for aggregate wear to these aggregate properties. Eighteen nonwoven geotextile bags were created, measuring 60 cm (two-feet long) and 20 cm (eight inches) in diameter, with a pore size equivalent to a 0.149 mm (# 100) sieve. They were filled with a known quantity and particle size distribution of aggregate and embedded into a newly constructed forest road. Stress gages were installed in the road surface between the aggregate and subgrade levels to record the changes in stress at the subgrade level. Samples were subjected to three levels of traffic (500, 950, and 1500 passes) using a loaded dump-truck that had a steering axle and one tandem drive axle, weighing 25,038 kg or 55,200 lb. The results showed that less breakage occurred with the medium- and high-quality aggregates than the low-quality aggregate. There was a correlation between the material property test (either the micro-Deval or the LA abrasion test) and the fine index, indicating the predictability of these tests in terms of aggregate performance. Finally, the higher quality aggregate was able to better distribute the stresses from the wheel better than the lower quality aggregate and was able to reduce the stress reaching the subgrade. Although the results are limited to the three types of rock used in this study, they indicate the ability of the high-quality aggregate to lessen the environmental impacts from forest roads.

Secondary forest structure and biomass following short and extended land-use in central and southern Amazonia

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc K. Steininger
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Southern Amazonia ◽  
Made In

A study was conducted on the effect of extended land-use on secondary forest biomass accumulation in the Amazon. Structural measurements were made in a series of secondary forest stands, from 4–30 y old, in Brazil and Bolivia. Half of the stands were forest regrowth following clearance and only 1 y of cultivation; the other half were regrowth following 4 y or more of continuous pasture in Brazil and three or more rotations of medium-fallow agriculture in Bolivia. Above-ground live biomass was estimated using published allometric equations. Total biomass ranged from 17 to 207 Mg ha−1. Biomass of pioneer trees was poorly related to stand age, while that of later-successional trees increased linearly with age. Total biomass accumulation in Bolivia averaged 5.4 Mg ha−1 y−1 over the entire age sequence. Biomass accumulation for regrowth following short-term use was not greater than that for regrowth following medium-fallow agriculture. In Brazil, biomass accumulation averaged 9.1 Mg ha−1 y−1 over the first 12 y of regrowth and 5.9 Mg ha−1 y−1 over the entire age sequence. Biomass accumulation was significantly slower, around 5.0 Mg ha−1 y−1, for regrowth following continuous pasture than for regrowth following 1 y of cultivation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Liquid Aluminium on the Corrosion of Carbonaceous Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pietrzyk ◽  
P. Palimaka ◽  
W. Gębarowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Liquid Aluminium ◽  
Aluminium Carbide ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Aluminum Smelting

Abstract During different aluminum smelting processes occur direct contact of liquid metal and carbon materials, which are the main constituent for the lining of the cells, furnaces, crucibles and ladles, etc. As a result, processes of aluminium carbide formation at the interfacial area and its subsequent dissolution occurs. Those are recognized as one of the most important mechanisms causing surface wear and decrease lifetime of the equipment, especially in aluminium electrolysis. Present work is aimed at deeper study of the initial steps of Al4C3 formation at the aluminium/ carbon interface. Three types of carbonaceous materials: amorphous, semigraphitic and graphitized, in the presence and absence of cryolite melts, were examined. As it is very difficult to study layer of Al4C3 in situ, two indirect experimental techniques were used to investigate aluminium carbide formation: measurements of the potential and the electrical resistance. It was concluded that the process of early formation of aluminium carbide depends on many processes associated with the presence of electrolyte (intercalation, penetration and dissolution) as well as the structure of carbon materials - especially the presence of the disordered phase.

scholarly journals Development and perspective of the forest road infrastructure in the Republic of Macedonia

2015 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Zdravko Trajanov ◽  
Ljupcho Nestorovski ◽  
Pande Trajkov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic

This paper determines the historical development of infrastructure in the forest, streaming the development of the forest road network as a dominant element of infrastructure. The paper also covers the current condition with the openness of forests in Republic of Macedonia. On the basis of scientific research, the results from the optimal density of forest roads are determined. The paper also covers the period for which it is expected to achieve the goals of optimization which is the most efficient forest management without significantly affecting the ecological functions of the forest.

scholarly journals Biomass and carbon approximation model on burnt peatland in Eks- Milion Ha, Central Kalimantan Province of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529
Author(s):  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Bambang Hero Saharjo ◽  
Dadan Mulyana ◽  
Atikah ◽  
Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Central Kalimantan

Forest and land fires will lead to the loss of forest ecosystems, loss of forest biomass and the sustainability of forests. After the event of fire whether an ecosystem will improve the forest and its environment. The study is intended to calculate biomass and carbon stocks in secondary natural forests that burn after 10 years and determine the model of biomass estimation and carbon stocks in secondary forests that burn after 10 years. This research was conducted on burnt peatlands in the Ex Million ha of Central Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. The research method used is the analysis of vegetation and destructive sampling on forest biomass that grows on burning peatlands. The result showed that biomass content of secondary natural forest formed after peat burns > 10 years in 466.2 ton / ha of and carbon content of 264.4 ton / ha. The estimation of biomass in secondary natural forest formed after peat burn> 10 years log is B = - 0.127 + 1.83 log D (B = 0.746 D 1.83) R2 : 87.5 % and carbon estimation is log K = - 0.506 + 1.92 log D (K = 0.312 D 1.92) R2: 85.7 %.  In the location of the burnt peat swamp forest there has been a succession of secondary forest and the equation model obtained in the study can be used to estimate biomass and carbon content.

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