Non-Destructive Infrared Evaluation of Thermo-Physical Parameters in Bamboo Specimens

In this paper, we propose a non-destructive acoustic method for assessing microstructural alterations produced in metals as a result of processing and exploitation damage. The method is based on measuring ratios of longitudinal and shear ultrasound waves velocities with subsequent normalization of these ratios to their counterparts corresponding to a “baseline state” of the metal. The choice of the baseline state depends of the particular problem and corresponds to either the pre-exploitation metal state for the object to be monitored, or the state of reference samples, for which the strength characteristics fall into acceptable range according to the results of conventional strength-evaluation methods. For the introduced Microstructure-Sensitive Acoustic parameters (MSA-parameters) characterizing alterations in the metal microstructure, we discuss the reasons of the difference between the baseline and current states of the metal in terms of the total values of the normal and tangential compliances imparted to the metal due to the appearance of microstructural heterogeneities. The efficiency of utilization of the proposed acoustic diagnostic parameters is demonstrated using experimental data for two types of metal samples with essentially different microstructure (isotropic and anisotropic heterogeneity). Measurements of the proposed microstructure-sensitive acoustic parameters can be used in a variety of applications: (i) non-destructive quality control of manufacturing technologies in metallurgy and mechanical engineering (ii) evaluation of damage accumulation during exploitation manufactured constructions/samples; (iii) evaluation of mechanical properties, fracture resistance and other physical parameters of metals.

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Relationship between hatchability and non-destructive physical measurements of chicken eggs

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859615001045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 154 (2) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. G. NARUSHIN ◽

V. P. BOGATYR ◽

M. N. ROMANOV

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Shape Index ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Small Surface ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Destructive Measurement ◽

Chicken Eggs ◽

The Relationship ◽

Non Destructive

SUMMARYThe current study was aimed at exploring the relationship between egg physical parameters that can be evaluated before incubation without egg breakage and hatchability of chick embryos. Eggs from laying hens of the White Leghorn (WL), Rhode Island White (RIW) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) lines were examined using a ranking system for analysing influence of egg parameters on hatchability. Specifically, eggs were subdivided into three groups whose non-destructive measurement values were: (i) within the mean ± standard deviation (σ), (ii) < mean minus σ and (iii) > mean plus σ. As a result, the smaller WL and RIW eggs, where values of weight, volume, surface area, length and maximum breadth were < mean minus σ, appeared to be more successful at hatching than the bigger ones. Hatchability of the more ‘round-shaped’ WL and RIW eggs, whose shape index was 0·76−0·80, tended to be higher. Effect of egg-specific gravity on hatchability varied in different layer strains, and genetic background seemed to be an essential factor determining relationship between hatchability and other egg characteristics. The RIW eggs of larger weight with a relatively small surface area appeared to have decreased hatchability, supposedly due to insufficient gas exchange of embryos.

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A comparative assessment of Non-destructive and destructive methods for precise volume estimation of mango (Mangifera indica) trees

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i1.2480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

Alka Kushwaha ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Rahila Rahman Khan

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Volume Estimation ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Cylindrical Shape ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Destructive Methods

Terrestrial carbon sequestration is a natural process towards carbon mitigation in which perennial trees play a vital role. Total biomass of the tree can be measured by a destructive and Non-destructive method. Since tree felling is ban in India, Non-destructive measurements by allometric equations have been widely used for the estimation of tree biomass, which is derived from the destructive method. The present study focused on estimating mango (Mangifera indica) wood logs volume both by destructive and Non-destructive methods in ICAR-Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow. In Non-destructive method, all required physical parameters were recorded from different positions and further calculated by T2: log formula = ?h (r12+r22+r1 r2)/3; T3: cylindrical shape formula = ?r2h with mean value and T4: cylindrical shape formula = ?r2h with maximum value. The calculated volume of mango wood logs was compared with the obtained volume by T1:Water displacement method. ANOVA was used to compare volume generated from several methods. The results showed that average volume obtained by T2 and T3 methods was found less than the T1 method, which was 13.69 % and 12.95 %, respectively. The volume obtained by T4 was found close to the T1. The study minimized the error while estimating the biomass of mango trees with the essential parameter, the wood volume. Calculating the volume of major branches in the mango tree will make it easier to calculate accurate AGB by a Non-destructive method. The estimated AGB will be helpful to calculate the amount of sequestered carbon and contribution toward mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide by mango cultivated areas.

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Spectroscopic Ellipsometry as a Non-Destructive Technique for Characterization of Atomic-Scale Interfaces

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-159-459 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

Author(s):

J.L. Stehle ◽

J.P. Piel ◽

J.H. Lecat ◽

C. Pickering ◽

L.C. Hammond

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Oxide Interfaces ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Calculated Model ◽

Better Than

ABSTRACTAnalysis of oxide interfaces with semi-conductor substrates, such as crystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, or indium phosphide is critical in processing and electrical performances. Interfaces can be characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), which has a wide spectral range (1.3 to 5.3 eV ) allowing an optical penetration depth of 10 nm to a few microns.A multilayer stack can be characterized in terms of its layer thicknesses and composition. These physical parameters must be calculated through a mathematical model. Linear regression analysis is used to minimize the differences between the measured spectrum and the calculated model. If necessary, an interlayer can be introduced into the model to enhance the fit. This can be complemented by a new method involving calculation of apparent index values which amplifies interface sensivity allowing the thickness to be measured to better than 2 Angstroms. Examples will be given.

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Non-Destructive Identification of Spherical Inclusions

Advanced Composites Letters ◽

10.1177/096369350000900103 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 096369350000900

Author(s):

Maria Hadjinicolaou

Keyword(s):

Density Ratio ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Wave Excitation ◽

The Core ◽

Spherical Inclusions ◽

Coated Spheres ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Fundamental Units

Small coated particles and especially small coated spheres, are fundamental units in a particular class of composite materials. The physical characteristics of the core of a particle can be identified through low frequency inverse scattering techniques, in a completely non-destructive manner. Using point source, as well as, plane wave excitation, it can be identified whether the core is consisted of an acoustically soft, hard, or resistive kernel, or if it is a penetrable body having different physical characteristics from that of the coating material. Furthermore, the thickness of the shell can be evaluated assuming the physical parameters (two different densities of the two spheres) are known. Otherwise, if the thickness of the shell is known, the density ratio of the two media can be obtained from one single measurement. Consequently, the density of the core can be found when the density of the shell is known and vice versa.

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Non-Destructive impact method for quality assessment of horticultural products

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/446.13.2017.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 69-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Felföldi ◽

I. Kertész ◽

D. Nagy ◽

V. Zsom-Muha

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Physical Interpretation ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Organic Production ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Wide Range ◽

Horticultural Products ◽

The Impact ◽

Non Destructive

In the case of organic production the quality assessment of the fruits and vegetables is especially important. Monitoring of the maturation and ripening process, early detection of diseases, decision about harvest date and postharvest treatment need reliable, objective and – preferably – non-destructive quality testing methods. Dynamic hardness or stiffness measurement methods (resonance, impact, wave propagation) offer very useful tools in this field, but with strong limitations in applicability area and/or physical interpretation of the measured parameters. Our objective was to develop method and appropriate portable instrumentation to measure surface hardness – as quality measure – with a nondestructive method. The computer controlled instrument has an electromagnetically excited impactor fitted with a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, a signal conditioner and A/D converter. To ensure the uniform contact behavior (contact area) between the impactor and the tested produce of wide range of shape, spherical head was applied. Conclusively, Hertz contact theory is to be applied for evaluation of the impact signal. Instead of using empirical “hardness index” – as in the case of several existing instruments – our objective was the physical interpretation of the contact phenomena. The measured acceleration signal was mathematically processed to calculate real physical parameters (force, speed, deformation), and to characterize the process similarly to the widely used texture analyzers, penetrometers. A new hardness parameter – “dynamic elastic modulus” – was introduced. According to the methodological investigations, the measurement was found to be perfectly non-destructive for a wide range of products. Conclusively, the developed method offers a useful tool for quality evaluation of organic horticultural products.

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Some Results of the Spectroscopic Study of Four Close Binary Systems of Early Spectral Types

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110002755x ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 120-130

Author(s):

T. S. Galkina

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Study ◽

Spectral Type ◽

Spectroscopic Investigation ◽

Binary Systems ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Close Binary ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Absorption And Emission ◽

Close Binary Systems ◽

Quantitative Estimates

It is necessary to have quantitative estimates of the intensity of lines (both absorption and emission) to obtain the physical parameters of the atmosphere of components.Some years ago at the Crimean observatory we began the spectroscopic investigation of close binary systems of the early spectral type with components WR, Of, O, B to try and obtain more quantitative information from the study of the spectra of the components.

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Luminescence from individual dislocations in II-VI and III-V semiconductors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100088488 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 834-835

Author(s):

J W Steeds

Keyword(s):

Group Iv ◽

Luminescence Properties ◽

Carrier Recombination ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Wide Range ◽

Basic Physics ◽

Semiconducting Compounds ◽

Diamond Group ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Technological Significance

There is a wide range of experimental results related to dislocations in diamond, group IV, II-VI, III-V semiconducting compounds, but few of these come from isolated, well-characterized individual dislocations. We are here concerned with only those results obtained in a transmission electron microscope so that the dislocations responsible were individually imaged. The luminescence properties of the dislocations were studied by cathodoluminescence performed at low temperatures (~30K) achieved by liquid helium cooling. Both spectra and monochromatic cathodoluminescence images have been obtained, in some cases as a function of temperature.There are two aspects of this work. One is mainly of technological significance. By understanding the luminescence properties of dislocations in epitaxial structures, future non-destructive evaluation will be enhanced. The second aim is to arrive at a good detailed understanding of the basic physics associated with carrier recombination near dislocations as revealed by local luminescence properties.

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A theory of contamination in electron microscopes by surface diffusion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107721 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 116-117

Author(s):

J.T. Fourie

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Surface Diffusion ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Carbon Compounds ◽

Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Primary Electrons ◽

Long Chain

Contamination in electron microscopes can be a serious problem in STEM or in situations where a number of high resolution micrographs are required of the same area in TEM. In modern instruments the environment around the specimen can be made free of the hydrocarbon molecules, which are responsible for contamination, by means of either ultra-high vacuum or cryo-pumping techniques. However, these techniques are not effective against hydrocarbon molecules adsorbed on the specimen surface before or during its introduction into the microscope. The present paper is concerned with a theory of how certain physical parameters can influence the surface diffusion of these adsorbed molecules into the electron beam where they are deposited in the form of long chain carbon compounds by interaction with the primary electrons.

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Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119831 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 620-623

Author(s):

Linda Sicko-Goad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Size Range ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Specific Information ◽

Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽

Phytoplankton Productivity ◽

Ecosystem Effects ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

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