scholarly journals Optimal Depressants and Collector Dosage in Fluorite Flotation Process Based on DoE Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Corpas-Martínez ◽  
A. Pérez ◽  
C. Amor-Castillo ◽  
R. Navarro-Domínguez ◽  
M.A. Martín-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Composition Of Minerals ◽  
Alternative Processes

Alternative processes have been proposed for selective separation of fluorite and gangue minerals (carbonates and silicates) present in fluorspar ores. Calcination and gravity separation processes are methods that have low efficiency and high cost. Flotation is a chemical process that becomes important when high ore grades are required; however, the selectivity is inhibited by the superficial similarity of the chemical composition of minerals. Accordingly, interactions between dissolved ionic species of fluorite, carbonates, and silicates with some reagents under determinate conditions obstruct the flotation process. In order to optimize the flotation process of a Spanish fluorite ore, this research uses a mathematical model. In this study, the variables were the dose of potato starch, quebracho tree, white dextrine, oleic acid, and sodium silicate. On the other hand, the factors studied were the law of carbonates, silica, and fluorite, in addition to the metallurgical recovery of fluorite. The statistical technique of factor analysis that relates the variables and factors allowed to the optimization of the reagent dosage. Maximum metallurgical recovery was achieved without sacrificing the fluorite grade. The mathematical model adjusts satisfactorily to the results with a correlation coefficient of 91.58% for metallurgical recovery and 98.51% for fluorite grade. Optimizing the process 60.45% of metallurgical recovery and 68.99% of fluorite grade are achieve in the roughing step, using a dosage of 1.68 g·kg−1 of potato starch, 0.86 g·kg−1 of quebracho tree, 1.25 g·kg−1 of dextrin, 3 g·kg−1 of oleic acid, and 0.85 g·kg−1 of water glass.

scholarly journals Use of depressants in the direct flotation of a silicate-carbonate phosphate ore

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Adalberto Leles de Souza ◽  
Rodrigo Oscar de Albuquerque ◽  
Fernando Soares Lameiras ◽  
Plínio Eduardo Praes ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Clark Peres
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Superficial Similarity ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Silicate Carbonate ◽  
High Surface Activity

A high demand for mineral resources observed in recent decades has led to an expansion in production in the mining industry. Different process alternatives have been proposed for selective separation between apatite and contaminants (carbonates and silicates) present in phosphate ores. Magnetic separation, calcination and gravity separation processes are methods that present low efficiency and high cost. Flotation is the most common process; however the selectivity is hampered by the superficial similarity of the chemical composition of phosphates and carbonates, high surface activity of the collectors used, interactions between dissolved ionic species of certain mineral with another and also interactions between dissolved ionic species and reagents. In this study, conducted in a laboratory scale, eight different depressants, organic and inorganic, were tested in the direct flotation of a Brazilian silicate-carbonate phosphate ore. The best performance in the depression of calcite and silicates was achieved with cassava starch.

Research on cargo-loading optimization based on genetic and fuzzy integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 8493-8500
Author(s):  
Yanwei Du ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiaoyi Fan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Henggang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Loading Scheme

With the increase of the number of loaded goods, the number of optional loading schemes will increase exponentially. It is a long time and low efficiency to determine the loading scheme with experience. Genetic algorithm is a search heuristic algorithm used to solve optimization in the field of computer science artificial intelligence. Genetic algorithm can effectively select the optimal loading scheme but unable to utilize weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, we propose hybrid Genetic and fuzzy logic based cargo-loading decision making model that focus on achieving maximum profit with maximum utilization of weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, first of all, the components of the problem of goods stowage in the distribution center are analyzed systematically, which lays the foundation for the reasonable classification of the problem of goods stowage and the establishment of the mathematical model of the problem of goods stowage. Secondly, the paper abstracts and defines the problem of goods loading in distribution center, establishes the mathematical model for the optimization of single car three-dimensional goods loading, and designs the genetic algorithm for solving the model. Finally, Matlab is used to solve the optimization model of cargo loading, and the good performance of the algorithm is verified by an example. From the performance evaluation analysis, proposed the hybrid system achieve better outcomes than the standard SA model, GA method, and TS strategy.

scholarly journals Parallel Finite Element Model for Multispecies Transport in Nonsaturated Concrete Structures

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okpin Na ◽  
Yunping Xi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Parallel Finite Element ◽  
Saturated Concrete

The chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete is undoubtedly one of the most important durability problems of reinforced concrete structures. The chloride ions as well as other ionic species (Na+, Ca2+, K+, OH−) come from various deicing salts and they are transported from the environment into concrete. To investigate the transport mechanism of the multispecies, complex scientific methods and accurate mathematical models are needed. The purpose of this study is to develop a more robust mathematical model and better computational technique to characterize the coupled effect of ionic transport mechanisms as well as the influence of interaction of ionic species. The new mathematical model was developed based on the Nernst–Planck equation and null current condition to solve the ionic-induced electrostatic potential, and the model was implemented by a parallel finite element algorithm. The verification of mathematical model was done by comparing the model prediction with experimental results for ionic transport in saturated concrete. The comparisons showed good results. The model prediction of the multispecies transport in partially saturated concrete demonstrated that the ionic species dissolved in pore solution could be carried by the moisture movement and pressure gradient. Therefore, the multispecies transport model based on the parallel finite element method is effective, accurate, and can be used for solving the partial differential equations for ionic species transport in concrete.

A mathematical model for the flotation of waste activated sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
K. Fujisaki ◽  
M. El-Zahar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Hindered Settling ◽  
Similar Character

A mathematical model that describes a batch flotation process is presented. The model employed a similar method to the hindered settling of flocculated material. This idea is based on our experimental results that the time growth curves of separated liquor zone showed a similar character to the settling curve of flocculated material, when the vertical axis reversed. In this model, it is also assumed that the gas phase and solid phase have the same movement, that is microbubbles and solid sludge particles joined to form aggregated floc. By comparing the numerical prediction with experimental data, the usefulness of the model is confirmed and some examples of flotation simulation are demonstrated.

A mathematical model of plasma membrane electrophysiology and calcium dynamics in vascular endothelial cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. C277-C293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroldo S. Silva ◽  
Adam Kapela ◽  
Nikolaos M. Tsoukias
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Vascular Autoregulation

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) modulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility, assisting in vascular tone regulation. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane potential ( Vm) play important roles in this process by controlling EC-dependent vasoactive signals and intercellular communication. The present mathematical model integrates plasmalemma electrophysiology and Ca2+ dynamics to investigate EC responses to different stimuli and the controversial relationship between [Ca2+]i and Vm. The model contains descriptions for the intracellular balance of major ionic species and the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. It also expands previous formulations by including more detailed transmembrane current descriptions. The model reproduces Vm responses to volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) blockers and extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) challenges, predicting 1) that Vm changes upon VRAC blockade are [K+]o dependent and 2) a biphasic response of Vm to increasing [K+]o. Simulations of agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization replicate experiments under control and Vm hyperpolarization blockade conditions. They show that peak [Ca2+]i is governed by store Ca2+ release while Ca2+ influx (and consequently Vm) impacts more the resting and plateau [Ca2+]i. The Vm sensitivity of rest and plateau [Ca2+]i is dictated by a [Ca2+]i “buffering” system capable of masking the Vm-dependent transmembrane Ca2+ influx. The model predicts plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+ permeability as main players in this process. The heterogeneous Vm impact on [Ca2+]i may elucidate conflicting reports on how Vm influences EC Ca2+. The present study forms the basis for the development of multicellular EC-SMC models that can assist in understanding vascular autoregulation in health and disease.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Hydrocyclone Performance and Equivalent Settling Area

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Sabbagh ◽  
Michael G. Lipsett ◽  
Charles R. Koch ◽  
David S. Nobes
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Equivalent Area ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Predicting the performance of a solid-liquid separation process can help in comparing different separators for selection and design. This can be applied to hydrocyclone technology which is used widely in industry due to being an inexpensive device that is easy to operate and maintain and which has no moving parts. Environmental concerns and technological issues in separation processes are motivating the design of higher efficiency systems with less capital and operating costs. There is a need therefore for, methods to compare different separation technologies. In spite of extensive research into hydrocyclone performance, a mathematical model that can predict the performance of a hydrocyclone for comparison with other centrifugal separators is rare in the literature. The main objective of this research is to apply theoretical and experimental approaches to study hydrocyclone performance in order to propose an applicable separation performance model that represents the whole hydrocyclone operating range. A mathematical model is developed to explore the performance of the separator and to predict the hydrocyclone’s equivalent area as compared to a continuous gravity settling tank. A performance chart that can be used for selection and design of hydrocyclones is the result of the model.

Design of Deployment Mechanim of Steel Ball and Surface Defects Recognition

2013 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ling Zhao ◽  
Wan Bo Che ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Jia Ping Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Ball Surface ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Ball Motion

At present, the steel ball surface defects are usually detected by manual work, but it has low efficiency and low reliability. For the current situation, in this paper, we design the steel ball deployment mechanism based on image processing technology, establish the mathematical model of the shooting point trajectory and determine the amount and location of the shooting points by the steel ball motion analysis. By the simulation based on Mathematica and Java, verify the effectiveness of the steel ball deployment mechanism in steel ball unfolding and defects recognition. Thus, the steel ball surface can be completely detected.

Manufacturing the Renewable Fuel of Butanol by Adsorption Separation Processes with the Novel Starch Sorbent

2014 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsair Wang Chung ◽  
Di Na Wahyu ◽  
Shih Hong Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Single Component ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Component Adsorption ◽  
Single Component Adsorption ◽  
Novel Starch

Bio-based butanol has superior properties when compared to ethanol to be the gasohol and is gradually considered to be an important biofuel from the biomass fermentation of ABE solution. The potential sorbents for acetone (A), 1-butanol (B), and ethanol (E) recovery process will be analyzed by the isotherm data and the sorbents, such as potato starch sorbent and ZSM-5 will be selected. The above sorbents to adsorb acetone, 1-butanol, and ethanol for single-component adsorption using adsorption equilibrium apparatus will be conducted and the isotherm data will be obtained.

Treatment and reclamation of hydrocarbon-bearing oily wastewater as a hazardous pollutant by different processes and technologies: a state-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Kundu ◽  
Indra M. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Abstract Hydrocarbon-containing oily wastewater generated by various industries creates a major environmental problem all over the world since petroleum products are commonly used as energy sources and raw materials in various industries. In case of offshore/coastal oil recovery operations, produced water is discharged through either shore side outfalls or coastal rim releases. In many cases, current disposal practices leads to severe environmental pollution by contamination of petroleum hydrocarbon to the surface, ground, and coastal waterways. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of various processes for the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons from wastewater. In this paper, a detailed review on the different separation/treatment processes of oily wastewater is presented. Previous and recent research works are reviewed in the area of oil-water separation from wastewater and also highlight the new developments in these areas. Various separation processes and technologies such as gravity separation, flotation process, membrane process, adsorption process, biological treatment, freeze/thaw process, and photocatalytic oxidation process (PoPs)/advanced oxidation processes (AoPs) are discussed and reviewed. The adsorption properties of a wide variety of porous sorbent materials in oily wastewater treatment, particularly in the area of oil spill cleanup, are also reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are critically discussed and compared.

Gear-tolerance optimization based on a response surface method

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Kang Huang ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Mingming Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Optimization ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Low Efficiency

To address the low efficiency of gear-tolerance analysis and optimization, a gear-tolerance optimization method based on a response surface method (RSM) and optimization algorithm is presented. A gear-tolerance mathematical model, including profile deviation, pitch deviation, and geometric deviation, was developed by combining traditional profile modeling with a small displacement torsor (SDT) method. Based on this mathematical model, a tooth-contact analysis method, which takes a variety of deviations into account, and a program to compute transmission error were developed. Using the RSM and a genetic algorithm, a gear-tolerance optimization model was created to consider a variety of gear tolerances as design variables and process cost as an optimization objective. An example of gear-tolerance optimization was analyzed, and the result indicates that the method presented in this paper may help improve the efficiency of gear-tolerance optimization and is practicable for precision gear design.

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