scholarly journals Metáforas e gráficos pictórico-esquemáticos de Nigel Holmes | Nigel Holme’s metaphors and pictorial-schematic charts

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-348
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira da Cunha Lima
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Graphic Language ◽  
Data Visualizations

Neste artigo, abordaremos metáforas visuais utilizadas na visualização de dados da infografia do célebre designer Nigel Holmes. Isto foi feito mediante o diálogo com a linguística cognitiva e a retórica visual, pela ótica da teoria de design da informação. Para tanto, nossa abordagem é embasada na teoria das metáforas cognitivas, marcadas pelos estudos de Lakoff e Johnson (1980), e a tradição de estudos de figuras de linguagem visual. Nesta análise utilizamos uma taxonomia de figuras de linguagem pictóricas utilizadas em gráficos estatísticos (LIMA, 2018). Ao analisarmos as metáforas pictóricas utilizadas por Holmes, observamos que este designer tem a tendência a sobrepor elementos pictóricos a elementos esquemáticos em seus gráficos estatísticos. Nós cunhamos esta mescla de modalidades gráficas de gráficos pictórico-esquemáticos. Este uso de elementos pictóricos, muitas vezes, humorísticos sobrepostos a dados numéricos precisos foi duramente combatida por teóricos do design da informação como Edward Tufte, na década de 1980. Estes elementos pictóricos foram chamados de chartjunk. Este termo tem servido como uma crítica à elementos visuais consideradas supérfluos em nome de uma abordagem mais neutra na infografia e visualização de dados. No entanto, procuramos entender a escolha do uso de metáforas visuais por Holmes como uma abordagem que não se limita a uma suposta neutralidade de linguagem gráfica.*****In this article, the focus is on visual metaphors used in Nigel Holmes’ data visualizations present in his infographics. This analysis was accomplished by approaching the theory of cognitive linguistics and visual rhetoric from the point of view of information design. Our study is based on the theory of cognitive metaphors, notably the work of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), and the study of figures of speech in visual language. In this analysis, we used a taxonomy of figures of speech for pictorial language in data visualization (LIMA, 2018). When analyzing the pictorial metaphors used by Holmes, we observe that this designer tends to overlap pictorial elements on schematic ones in his statistical charts. We coined this mix of graphic modalities: pictorial-schematic charts (gráficos pictórico-esquemáticos). This use of pictorial elements, often humorous, overlapping precise numerical data was harshly opposed by information design theorists such as Edward Tufte in the 1980s. These pictorial elements were called chartjunk. This term has served as a criticism of visual elements considered superfluous in the name of a more neutral approach to infographics and data visualization. However, we seek to understand Holmes' choice of using visual metaphors as an approach that is not limited to a supposedly neutral graphic language.

scholarly journals Aesthetics and Clarity in Information Visualization: The Designer’s Perspective

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Annemarie Quispel ◽  
Alfons Maes ◽  
Joost Schilperoord
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Information Visualization ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Good Design ◽  
The Public ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Data Visualizations ◽  
Important Design

Designers are increasingly involved in creating ‘popular’ data visualizations in mass media. Scientists in the field of information visualization propose collaborations between designers and scientists in popular data visualization. They assume that designers put more emphasis on aesthetics than on clarity in their representation of data, and that they aim to convey subjective, rather than objective, information. We investigated designers’ criteria for good design for a broad audience by interviewing professional designers and by reviewing information design handbooks. Additionally, we investigated what might make a visualization aesthetically pleasing (attractive) in the view of the designers. Results show that, according to the information designers, clarity and aesthetics are the main criteria, with clarity being the most important. They aim to objectively inform the public, rather than conveying personal opinions. Furthermore, although aesthetics is considered important, design literature hardly addresses the characteristics of aesthetics, and designers find it hard to define what makes a visualization attractive. The few statements found point at interesting directions for future research.

scholarly journals Ars Memorativa as the Genesis of Information Design: A Conversation with Manuel Lima

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Rodighiero ◽  
Manuel Lopes-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Mnemonic Technique ◽  
Digital Objects

Manuel Lima is one of the most prominent figures of data visualization since the publication of Visual Complexity (Lima 2011). In this conversation, Manuel Lima traces back the origin of data visualization to Ars Memorativa, an ancient mnemonic technique to organize information and facilitate its recall. Going back to the origins is an obsession that brought him to collect and arrange into books images of information design from both physical and digital archives. By doing this, Manuel Lima tackled issues related to digital objects and their creation, use, and preservation, with a point of view capable of combining the passion for visualizing information and the profession of UX designer.

scholarly journals Exploring narrativity in data visualization in journalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke Weber
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Data Visualizations

Many news stories are based on data visualization, and storytelling with data has become a buzzword in journalism. But what exactly does storytelling with data mean? When does a data visualization tell a story? And what are narrative constituents in data visualization? This chapter first defines the key terms in this context: story, narrative, narrativity, showing and telling. Then, it sheds light on the various forms of narrativity in data visualization and, based on a corpus analysis of 73 data visualizations, describes the basic visual elements that constitute narrativity: the instance of a narrator, sequentiality, temporal dimension, and tellability. The paper concludes that understanding how data are transformed into visual stories is key to understanding how facts are shaped and communicated in society.

scholarly journals What is at stake in data visualization? A feminist critique of the rhetorical power of data visualizations in the media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Lucy Hill
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues ◽  
Contextual Detail ◽  
Data Visualizations

Data visualizations are powerful semiotic resources, which, it is sometimes claimed, have the power to change the world. This chapter argues that to understand this power we need to consider the uses to which visualizations have been put. Using visualizations relating to abortion as a case study alongside Klein and D’Ignazio’s notion of a ‘Bring Back the Bodies’ in data visualization, I argue that visualizations tell a narrow story, removing contextual detail and omitting to ask questions important to women’s health. To grasp the significance of this I propose a new body issue: the neglect of the viewer and those affected by decisions taken based on visualized data. Far from being a simple device to graphically display numerical data, therefore, there are important social and ethical issues at stake in data visualization.

scholarly journals “Cognitive Linguistics: Looking back, looking forward”

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Divjak ◽  
Natalia Levshina ◽  
Jane Klavan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Data ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
West European

AbstractSince its conception, Cognitive Linguistics as a theory of language has been enjoying ever increasing success worldwide. With quantitative growth has come qualitative diversification, and within a now heterogeneous field, different – and at times opposing – views on theoretical and methodological matters have emerged. The historical “prototype” of Cognitive Linguistics may be described as predominantly of mentalist persuasion, based on introspection, specialized in analysing language from a synchronic point of view, focused on West-European data (English in particular), and showing limited interest in the social and multimodal aspects of communication. Over the past years, many promising extensions from this prototype have emerged. The contributions selected for the Special Issue take stock of these extensions along the cognitive, social and methodological axes that expand the cognitive linguistic object of inquiry across time, space and modality.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

scholarly journals What a line can say : Investigating the semiotic potential of the connecting line in data visualizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Elisabeth Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Data Visualizations ◽  
Semiotic Theory

The line is a graphical element widely used in data visualizations, its purpose often being to signal a connection between other visual elements. Based on social semiotic theory, this article investigates what semiotic functions connecting lines can have and how these functions can be related to variations in form. The results show that, in addition to the basic function of connecting elements, such lines can also indicate the level of certainty, direct the viewer to read the information either as a narrative or a conceptual claim, indicate patterns of cohesion, and regulate the viewer’s position. These findings allow for further empirical research on the formation of visual conventions.

scholarly journals Data Visualization + Scrollytelling for Election News Stories : Challenges and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Corbeil ◽  
Florent Daudens ◽  
Thomas Hurtut
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
French Language ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Narrative Format ◽  
Election News ◽  
Data Visualizations

This visual case study is conducted by Le Devoir, a Canadian french-language independent daily newspaper gathering around 50 journalists and one million readers every week. During the past twelve months, in collaboration with Polytechnique Montreal, we investigated a scrollytelling format strongly relying on combined series of data visualizations. This visual case study will specifically present one of the news stories we published, which communicates electoral results the day after the last Quebec general election. It gathers all the lessons that we learnt from this experience, the challenges that we tackled and the perspectives for the future. Beyond the specific electoral context of this work, these conclusions might be useful for any practitioner willing to communicate data visualization based stories, using a scrollytelling narrative format.

scholarly journals The significance of typography in data visualization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Halime Turkkan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Information Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Design Systems

With the development of technology and the dominance of the digital world, typography has become a critical issue. Information design systems are considered as one of the significant areas of graphic design and big data provides essential information on data visualization. This research aims to analyse the effects of typographic elements on visualizing data in terms of visual communication, by discussing the value that typography gives to design space. The research discusses randomly selected 10 infographic design samples published in the last six months on google. From the results, 5 designs with typographic concern were more favourable and visually more striking and preferable than the other 5 designs in terms of design disciplines. As in all areas of graphic design, it is argued that the power of typography is an indisputable concept in data visualization, which is seen as a sub-branch of information design. Keywords: data visualization; design; typography, significance, technology

scholarly journals Pensar Infográfico: uma proposta de ensino introdutório de infografia sob a perspectiva da linguagem gráfica | Pensar Infográfico (Thinking Infographics): a proposal of introductory teaching of infographics from the perspective of graphic language

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-396
Author(s):  
Fabiano De Miranda ◽  
Rafael De Castro Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Graphic Language

O presente artigo trata da experiência vivenciada entre os anos de 2014 e 2016 com o projeto de ensino de infografia intitulado “Pensar Infográfico”. Após uma breve revisão da literatura, propõe-se aqui um modelo para a estrutura dos conteúdos programáticos de um curso introdutório de curta duração sobre infografia, sob o arcabouço teórico do design da informação e, mais especificamente, da linguagem gráfica. Este modelo tem como objetivo auxiliar na elaboração de um plano de ações para o ensino da infografia sob a perspectiva teórica adotada. Através de cursos de curta duração ministrados no Brasil espera-se contribuir para promover reflexões sobre teoria, produção e usos da infografia.________This paper shows the experience between the years of 2014 and 2016 with the infographics teaching project entitled “Pensar Infográfico” (Thinking Infographics). For this, is presented a brief review of the literature, and then is proposed a structural model of an infographics introductory course. This course has a theoretical background in information design and, more specifically, the graphic language. The presented approach seeks to highlight the contributions of information design on teaching infographics. In this way, it is hoped to promote discussions and reflections on theory, production, and uses of infographics.

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